比特币是一个共识网络，促成了一个全新的支付系统和一种完全数字化的货币。它是第一个去中心化的对等支付网络，由其用户自己掌控而无须中央管理机构或中间人。从用户的角度来看，比特币很像互联网的现金。比特币也可以看作是目前最杰出的三式簿记系统。
Bitcoin is a consensus network, leading to a completely new payment system and a fully digitized currency. It is the first to be decentralized peer-to-peer network, which is owned by its users without the need for a central authority or middleman. From the user's point of view, Bitcoin is much like Internet cash. Bitcoin can also be seen as the most outstanding 3-style bookkeeping system /a>.
比特币是第一个实现了“隐秘货币”概念的货币。1998年，Wei Dai在cypherpunks邮件列表中首次阐述了“隐秘货币”的概念，即：一个采用密码学原理控制货币的发行和交易、而不是依赖于中央管理机构的全新的货币形态。2009年，中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto 化名）在cryptography邮件列表中发表了第一个比特币规范及其概念证明。2010年年底，中本聪离开该项目，关于他的身份没有透露太多。此后，众多开发人员致力于比特币的项目，比特币社区迅速成长起来。
Bitcoin was the first currency to achieve the concept of “hidden currency” in 1998. In 1998, Wei Dai first elaborated the concept of “hidden currency” in the cypherpunks mailing list, i.e., a new currency shape that uses cryptography to control the issuance and transaction of money, rather than relying on the central administration. In 2009, Middle Ben was published in the Cryptography mailing list, the first bitcoin code and the proof of its concept. At the end of 2010, he left the project without much disclosure of his identity. After that, a large number of developers were working on the Bitcoin project.
中本聪的匿名身份经常会引起毫无根据的忧虑，其中很多是与比特币开放源代码特性的误解有关。比特币的协议和软件都是公开发布的，世界各地的任何开发人员都可以查看其代码，或者开发他们自己修改过的比特币软件版本。就像目前的开发人员，中本聪的影响仅仅局限于那些他做出的被其他人采纳的改动，因此，中本聪并没有控制比特币。那么，在今天，关于比特币的发明者的身份问题可能和纸张发明者的身份问题一样。
His anonymous identity often gives rise to unfounded concerns, many of which are related to misperceptions about the open-source identity of Bitcoin. Bitcoin agreements and software are publicly available, and any developer around the world can view the code or develop a version of the Bitcoin software that they themselves have modified. Like the current developer, the influence of the mediumbone is limited to changes he has made that have been adopted by others, so that he does not control bitcoins.
没有谁拥有比特币网络，就像没有人拥有电子邮件背后的技术一样。比特币由世界各地所有的比特币用户控制。开发者可以改善软件，但他们不能强行改变比特币协议的规则，因为所有的用户都可以自由选择他们想用的软件。为了相互之间保持兼容性，所有用户也需要选择遵循相同规则的软件。只有所有用户达成完全一致的共识，比特币才能正常地工作。因此，所有的用户和开发者对接受和保护这一共识很有动力。
No one owns the Bitcoin network, just like no one owns the technology behind the e-mail. Bitcoin is controlled by all Bitcoin users around the world. Developers can improve the software, but they cannot force changes to the rules of the Bitcoin agreement, because all users are free to choose the software they want. In order to be compatible with each other, all users also need to choose software that follows the same rules. Bitcoin can work normally only if there is a complete consensus among all users.
从用户的角度来看，比特币就是一个手机应用或电脑程序，可以提供一个个人比特币钱包，用户可以用它支付和接收比特币。这就是比特币对于大多数用户的运作原理。
From a user's point of view, Bitcoin is a cell phone application or computer program that provides a personal bitcoin wallet that users can use to pay for and receive bitcoin. That's how Bitcoin works for most users.
在幕后，整个比特币网络共享一个称作“块链”的公共总帐。这份总帐包含了每一笔处理过的交易，使得用户的电脑可以核实每一笔交易的有效性。每一笔交易的真实性由发送地址对应的电子签名保护，这使得用户能够完全掌控从他们自己的比特币地址转出的比特币。另外，任何人都可以利用专门硬件的计算能力来处理交易并为此获得比特币奖励。这一服务经常被称作“挖矿”。你可以查阅专用页面 和 原始论文来了解更多有关比特币的信息。
Behind the scenes, the entire Bitcoin network shares a public ledger called the “block chain.” This ledger contains every processed transaction, allowing the user's computer to verify the validity of each transaction. The authenticity of each transaction is protected by the electronic signature corresponding to the sending address, which allows the user to have complete control over the bitcoin transferred from their own bitcoin address. In addition, anyone can use specialized hardware to process the transaction and obtain a bitcoin reward for it. This service is often referred to as “mining”. You can look at and for more information about the bitcoin.
是的，越来越多的企业和个人在使用比特币。这既包括像饭店，公寓和律师事务所那样的传统企业，也包括像Namecheap，Overstock.com，和Reddit 这样的流行在线服务。虽然比特币仍然是一个相对较新的现象，但它发展迅速。2013年8月底，流通中的比特币总值超过了15亿美元，每天都有价值数百万美元的比特币在进行兑换。
Yes, circulation worth bitcoin of more than $1.5 billion, with millions of dollars worth of bitcoin being exchanged every day.
尽管可能有人愿意让对方以信用卡或PayPal支付的方式购买自己的比特币，大部分的交易平台是不接受来自这些支付方式的资金的。这是为了防止某些情况下有人用PayPal购买比特币，然后在交易到一半的时候撤销。这通常被称作退单。
Although there may be a willingness to allow the other party to purchase its own bitcoin by credit cards or PayPal payments, most trading platforms do not accept funds from these means of payment. This is to prevent in some cases people from buying bitcoins with PayPal and then withdrawing them at half the time of the transaction. This is commonly referred to as a refund.
相比借记卡或信用卡购物，比特币付款更加容易，无需一个商家账户就可以接收比特币付款。在你的电脑或智能手机上的钱包应用程序中，输入收款人的比特币地址和付款金额，按发送键即可完成付款。为了更方便地输入收款人地址，很多钱包可以通过二维码扫描或者NFC技术触碰两部手机获得地址。
In a wallet application on your computer or smart phone, the payee’s Bitcoin address and payment amount are entered, and the payment can be made by pressing the sender key. In order to enter the payee’s address more easily, many wallets can be scanned by a two-dimensional code or two mobile phones can be accessed by NFC technology contact.
- 支付自由 - 无论何时何地都可以即时支付和接收任何数额的资金。无银行假日，无国界，无强加限制。比特币允许其用户完全控制他们的资金。
- 自己选择手续费 - 目前对比特币支付的处理不收取手续费或者仅收取极少的手续费。用户可以把手续费包含在交易中来鼓励更快的交易确认，更快收到由网络发来的交易确认。另外，也有商家处理器协助商家处理交易，每天将比特币兑换成法定货币并直接将资金存入商家的银行账户。因为这些服务都基于比特币，所以它们可以提供远低于PayPal或信用卡网络的手续费。
- 降低商家的风险 - 比特币交易是安全，不可撤销的，并且不包含顾客的敏感或个人信息。这避免了由于欺诈或欺诈性退单给商家造成的损失，而且也没有必要遵守PCI标准。在信用卡无法使用或欺诈率高得令人无法接受的地方，商家也可以很容易地扩展新的市场。最终结果是更低的手续费，更大的市场，和更少的行政成本。
- 安全和控制 - 比特币的用户完全控制自己的交易；商家不可能强制收取那些在其它支付方式中可能发生的不该有或不易发现的费用。用比特币付款可以无须在交易中绑定个人信息，这提供了对身份盗用的极大的防范。比特币的用户还可以通过备份和加密保护自己的资金。
- 透明和中立 - 关于比特币资金供给本身的所有信息都存储在区块链中，任何人都可以实时检验和使用。没有个人或组织能控制或操纵比特币协议，因为它的协议在密码学上是安全的。所以我们可以信任比特币是完全中立，透明且可预测的。
- 接受程度 - 仍然有很多人不知道比特币。每天有更多的企业接受比特币，因为他们希望从中受益，但这个列表依然很小，为了从网络效应中获益，仍然需要有更多的企业支持比特币。
- 波动性 - 流通中的比特币总价值和使用比特币的企业数量与他们可能的规模相比仍然非常小。因此，相对较小的事件，交易或业务活动都可以显著地影响其价格。从理论上讲，随着比特币的市场和技术的成熟，这种波动将会减少。这个世界以前从未出现过任何一个新兴货币，所以想象它将如何进展真的非常困难 (同时也令人兴奋)。
- 处于发展阶段 - 比特币软件依然处于beta版本，许多未完成的功能处于积极研发阶段。新的工具，特性和服务正在研发中以使比特币更为安全，为更多大众所使用。其中有一些功能目前还不是每个用户都能使用。大部分比特币业务都是新兴的，尚不提供保险。总体来说，比特币尚处于成熟的过程当中。
关于比特币的大部分信任来自于一个事实：它根本不需要任何信任。比特币是完全开源和去中心化的，这意味着任何人在任何时间都可以查看整个源代码。所以世界上的任何一个开发人员都可以精确验证比特币的工作原理。任何人都可以实时地一目了然地查询现存的所有的比特币交易和已发行的比特币。所有的付款不依赖于第三方，整个系统由大量专家审查过的密码学算法保护，比如那些用于网上银行的算法。没有组织或个人可以控制比特币，而且即使并非所有的用户都值得信任，比特币网络仍然是安全的。
Most of the trust in bitcoin comes from the fact that it does not need any trust at all. Bitcoin is completely open and decentralized, which means that anyone can view the whole source code at any time. So any developer in the world can accurately verify the workings of bitcoin. Anyone can look into all of the existing bitcoin transactions and issued bitcoins in real time. All payments are not dependent on third parties, and the system is protected by cryptological algorithms reviewed by a large number of experts, such as those used in online banks. No organization or individual can control bitcoins, and even if not all users are trusted, the bitcoins network is still secure.
你永远不应期望通过比特币或任何新兴技术致富。对于任何听起来好得令人难以置信，或违背基本经济规律的东西保持警惕始终是很重要的。
You should never expect to be rich through bitcoin or any new technology. It is always important to be vigilant about anything that sounds so good or contrary to basic economic norms.
比特币是一个不断增长的创新领域，这里有商机，同时也有风险。即使到目前为止，比特币以飞快的速度在发展，但谁也不能保证它将继续增长。任何有关比特币的时间和资源的投入都需要创业精神。用比特币赚钱的方法有很多种，如挖矿，投机或经营新业务。所有这些方法竞争都很激烈，并且没有利润保证。每个人应该对任何此类项目中所涉及的成本和风险自己做出适当的评估。
Bitcoin is a growing area of innovation, with business opportunities and risks. Even so far, Bitcoin is growing at a fast pace, but no one can guarantee that it will grow. Any investment in bitcoin time and resources requires entrepreneurship. There are many ways to make money with bitcoin, such as mining, speculation, or running new business.
比特币和人们每天使用的信用卡和网上银行网络一样是虚拟的。比特币和其它任何形式的货币一样可以用来在网上或者实体商店支付。比特币也可以兑换成实体货币比如Denarium 币，但是手机支付通常更加方便。比特币余额存储在一个大型分布式网络中，任何人都无法恶意修改。换句话说，比特币用户对他们的资金拥有唯一的控制权，比特币不会因为其虚拟性而消失。
Bitcoin is as virtual as a daily credit card and online banking network. Bitcoin, like any other form of currency, can be used to pay online or in real shops. Bitcoin can also be converted into real currency, such as Denarium coin, but mobile phone payments are usually easier. Bitcoin balances are stored in a large distributed network, and no one can change them maliciously. In other words, Bitcoin users have sole control over their funds, and Bitcoin will not disappear because of its virtuality.
和其他任何货币一样，比特币的设计允许其用户在一个可接受的隐私程度支付和接收付款。但是比特币不是匿名的，所以无法提供和现金一样的隐私程度。使用比特币会留下许多公共记录。有多种机制可以用来保护用户的隐私，还有更多正在开发中。然而，在大部分比特币用户正确使用这些功能前还有功夫要投入。
As in any other currency, bitcoin is designed to allow its users to pay and receive payments at an acceptable level of privacy. But bitcoin is not anonymous, so it cannot provide the same degree of privacy as cash. The use of bitcoin leaves a lot of public records. There are that can be used to protect the privacy of users and more are being developed.
一些人担忧比特币的私下交易可被用于非法目的。值得一提的是，比特币无疑将受制于已经在现有的金融体系内发挥作用的类似规定。比特币不会比现金更具有匿名性，而且也不太可能防碍犯罪调查的进行。此外，比特币的设计也是为了防止大范围的金融犯罪。
Some worry that Bitcoin’s private transactions can be used for illegal purposes. It is worth mentioning that Bitcoin will undoubtedly be subject to similar regulations that already play a role in the existing financial system. Bitcoin is not more anonymous than cash, and is unlikely to prevent criminal investigations.
当一个用户丢失了他的钱包，其后果是其中的资金退出流通。丢失的比特币和其它比特币一样依然存在于块链中。但是丢失的比特币将永远处于休眠状态，因为任何人都无法找到可以再次使用这些比特币的私钥。根据供求法则，当可用的比特币变少时，剩余的比特币会有更高的需求量，其价值就会升高作为补偿。
When a user loses his wallet, the consequence is that the money in it is out of circulation. The lost bitcoin, like other bitcoins, remains in the chain. But the lost bitcoins will remain dormant forever, because no one can find the private keys that can be used again. According to the law of supply and demand, when the available bitcoins are reduced, the remaining bitcoins will be in higher demand and their value will rise as compensation.
比特币网络已经能够每秒钟处理比目前的处理量大很多的交易数量。但是它还没有完全成熟到可以将规模扩展至主要信用卡网络的程度。提高目前这一上限的工作正在进行中，未来的需求也非常清楚。从一开始，比特币网络的每一个方面都在不断成熟，优化和专门化，这一过程在今后几年内仍将持续。随着流量的增加，更多比特币用户可能会使用轻量级的客户端，而完全网络节点则可能成为更为专门化的服务。更多详情请查阅维基页面 可扩展性 。
The Bitcoin network has been able to handle a much larger number of transactions every second than the current one. But it is not yet fully mature enough to extend its size to the main credit card network. Work to raise the current ceiling is under way, and future needs are very clear. From the outset, every aspect of the Bitcoin network is mature, optimized and specialized, and this process will continue over the next few years. As traffic increases, more bitcoin users may use light-sized clients, while full network nodes may become more specialized services. More details can be found on the Wiki page
具我们目前所知，比特币在大部分行政辖区并没有被立法机构界定为非法货币。但是，一些行政辖区(如阿根廷和俄罗斯)严格限制或禁止国外货币。其他行政辖区(如泰国)可能限制颁发某些实体的许可，比如比特币交易平台。 As far as we know, bitcoin is not defined by the legislature as an illegal currency in most administrative jurisdictions . However, some administrative jurisdictions (e.g. Argentina and Russia) severely restrict or prohibit foreign currency. Other administrative jurisdictions (e.g. Thailand) may restrict the granting of licences to certain entities, such as the Bitcoin trading platform. 来自不同行政管辖区的监管机构正在采取措施，就如何将这项新技术与正规的，受监管的金融体系结合在一起，为个人和企业提供一些规则。例如，美国财政部的金融犯罪执法网络(FinCEN)，就如何描述涉及虚拟货币的某些活动，发布了非约束性的指导。 Regulators from different administrative jurisdictions are taking steps to provide individuals and businesses with rules on how to combine this new technology with a formal, regulated financial system. For example, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN) of the United States Department of the Treasury has issued non-binding guidance on how to describe certain activities involving virtual currencies. 比特币是货币，而货币的使用一直以来都有合法和非法的目的。在被金融犯罪利用的程度上，现金，信用卡和目前的银行系统是远远胜过比特币的。比特币能够带来支付系统的重大革新，这些革新所带来的裨益被认为是远远超过其潜在弊端的。 Bitcoin is the currency, and its use has always been a legitimate and illegal purpose. To the extent that it is used for financial crimes, cash, credit cards, and the current banking system are far more than bitcoin. 比特币的设计是提高货币安全性的巨大进步，也是针对许多金融犯罪形式的重要保护机制。例如，比特币完全不可能被仿造。用户完全掌控他们的支付交易，不会像信用卡诈骗那样收到未核实的费用。比特币交易是不可撤销的，避免了诈骗性退单。通过非常强大且有用的机制，比如备份，加密和多重签名，比特币可以保护资金免于盗取和遗失。 Bitcoin is designed to be a great advance in improving monetary security and an important protection mechanism for many forms of financial crime. For example, bitcoin is simply not likely to be copied. Users have complete control over their payment transactions and do not receive unverified fees like credit card fraud. Bitcoin transactions are irrevocable, avoiding fraudulent refunds. 一些人担忧比特币对于罪犯可能更具吸引力，因为它可以用来进行私下的和不可撤销的付款。然而，这些功能早已存在于完善的被广泛应用的现金和电汇中。比特币的使用无疑将受制于已经在现有金融体系内发挥作用的类似规定，而且它也不太可能防碍犯罪调查的进行。一般来说，当一些重要突破没有被熟知之前，存在争议是很常见的。其中，互联网就是一个很好的例子可以说明这种情况。 Some worry that bitcoin may be more attractive to criminals because it can be used to make private and irrevocable payments. However, these functions already exist in well-established and widely used cash and wire transfers. 比特币协议本身是不能修改的，除非几乎全部的用户一起协作来选择要使用哪个软件。在全球比特币网络规则中试图赋予一个区域管理机构特殊权利是不切实际的。任何一个富有的组织可以选择投资挖矿硬件来控制整个网络中一半的计算能力，从而实现对最近交易的冻结和撤销。然而，他们无法保证能一直拥有这种能力，因为这一投资需要和全世界其他矿工的总和持平。 The Bitcoin agreement itself cannot be modified unless almost all users work together to choose which software to use. It is unrealistic to attempt to give a special right to a regional regulatory body in the global Bitcoin rules. Any wealthy organization can choose to invest in mining hardware to control half of the network’s computing capacity, thereby achieving a freeze and cancellation of recent transactions. 然而，用监管任何其它货币类似的方式监管比特币的使用是可能的。和美元一样，比特币可以用于各种用途，其中一些可以被视为合法的，或者并不是符合每个行政管辖区的法律。在这一点上，比特币无异于任何其他的工具或资源，会受制于每个国家不同的规定。在限制性的规定下，比特币的使用也会变得很艰难，这种情况下，很难确定将有多大比例的用户会继续使用该技术。选择禁止比特币的政府将会阻碍国内企业和市场的发展，将创新转移到其他国家。像往常一样，监管机构所面临的挑战是在不损害新兴市场和企业的发展的同时，制定出有效的解决方案。 However, it is possible to regulate the use of bitcoins in a manner similar to that of any other currency. Like the United States dollar, bitcoins can be used for a variety of purposes, some of which can be considered legal or not in accordance with the laws of each administrative jurisdiction. Here, bitcoins are subject to different regulations from any other tool or resource. 比特币不是法定货币，在任何行政管辖区都没有法定货币的地位，但无论使用的是什么介质，往往都要承担纳税义务。在许多不同的行政管辖区，对于由比特币产生的收入、销售所得、工资、资本收益、或一些其他形式的纳税义务都有各种各样的法律法规。 Bitcoin is not a legal currency and has no legal currency status in any administrative jurisdiction, but it is often taxed regardless of the medium used. In many different administrative jurisdictions, there are a variety of laws and regulations governing the income generated by bitcoin, the proceeds of sale, wages, capital gains, or some other form of tax liability. 比特币使人们可以用他们自己的方式自由交易。每个用户都可以像使用现金一样付款和收款，同时也能参与更为复杂的合约。多重签名允许比特币网络只有在某个既定群体中同意为交易签名的成员达到一定数量时才接受该交易。这为将来发展创新的纠纷仲裁服务打下了基础。这一服务可以在双发无法达成一致的情况下允许对资金没有控制权的第三方来批准或者拒绝一笔交易。和现金以及其它支付方式不同的是，比特币总是会留有一份公开证据证明交易确实发生过，这可以被用来对存在欺诈行为的企业进行追索。 Bitcoin allows each user to pay and collect as cash, and to participate in more complex contracts. Multiple signatures allow the Bitcoin network to accept a transaction only if a certain number of members of an established group agree to sign the transaction. 同样值得注意的是，商家通常依靠其公众口碑来维持经营并付工资给其员工，然而当他们反过来跟新顾客打交道时却无法得到这样信息。比特币的运作方式可以让个人和企业都免于欺诈性退单的危害，同时当顾客不愿意信任某个商家时可以让其选择要求更多的保护。 It is also worth noting that merchants usually rely on their public reputations to maintain their operations and pay their employees, but that information is not available to them when they deal with new customers in turn. Bitcoin operates in a way that protects individuals and businesses from fraudulent refunds, while allowing customers to choose to demand more protection when they do not want to trust a business.
新的比特币通过“挖矿”产生，“挖矿”是一个具有竞争力和去中心化的过程。这一过程包括个人为比特币网络服务，并因此得到回报。比特币的矿工使用专用的硬件处理交易和保护比特币网络，并在交易时收集新的比特币。
The new bitcoin is generated through “mining” and “mining” is a competitive and decentralized process. This process involves individuals serving the bitcoin network and thereby receiving rewards. Bitcoin miners use specialized hardware to handle transactions and protect the bitcoin network and collect new bitcoin at the time of the transaction.
比特币协议的设计方式是以固定的速率发行新的比特币。这使得比特币的挖矿成为一个竞争极为激烈的行业。当越来越多的矿工加入比特币网络，赚取利润变得越来越难，矿工必须寻求效率以削减生产成本。任何中央管理机构或开发者都无权控制或操纵该系统以提高他们的利润。任何行为如不符合该系统要求遵循的规则，都将被全世界任何一个比特币节点所拒绝。
The Bitcoin protocol is designed to distribute new bitcoins at fixed speeds. This makes bitcoin mining an extremely competitive industry.
比特币以一个可预测的逐步下降的速率发行。新产生的比特币数量会逐年减半，直到比特币的总数达到2100万个。到那时，比特币矿工也许只能通过大量的小额交易手续费来支持。
Bitcoins are issued at a predictable rate of gradual decline. The number of newly generated bitcoins is reduced by half every year until the total number of bitcoins reaches 21 million.
比特币具有价值是因为它作为货币形式的一种是有用的。比特币具有货币的数学特性(持久性，可携带性，可互换性，稀缺性，可分割性和易识别性)而非依赖于物理特性(比如黄金和白银)或中央权力机构的信任(比如法定货币)。简而言之，比特币是由数学支持的。有了这些特性，一种货币形式要具有价值所需要的就是信任和使用。对比特币而言，这可以从它日益增长的用户，商家和初创企业基数上得到体现。同所有货币一样，比特币的价值直接来自于愿意接受它作为支付方式的人们，这也是唯一的来源。
Bitcoin has value because it is useful as a monetary form. Bitcoin has the mathematical characteristics of money (persistency, portability, interoperability, scarcity, segregability and easy to identify) rather than relying on physical characteristics (e.g. gold and silver) or on the trust of central authorities (e.g. legal currency). In short, bitcoin is supported by mathematics. With these characteristics, trust and use are what a monetary form needs to be worth.
比特币的价格由供需决定。当对比特币的需求增加，比特币价格就上涨；需求减少，价格就下跌。目前只有很少的比特币在流通，新的比特币以一个可预见的逐步下降的速率发行，这表示需求必须遵循这一通胀水平才能保持价格的稳定。和它可能会成为的市场规模相比，比特币目前仍然是一个相对较小的市场，无需大量资金就能促使市场价格上下波动，因此，比特币的价格仍然很不稳定。
The price of bitcoin is determined by supply and demand. When the demand of bitcoin increases, bitcoin rises; demand decreases; and prices fall. Only a few bitcoin is currently in circulation, and the new bitcoin is issued at a predictable rate of gradual decline, indicating that demand must follow this level of inflation in order to maintain price stability.
比特币价格随时间变化：
Bitcoin prices over time:
会。历史上有很多不成功而不再使用的货币，比如魏玛共和国时期的 德国马克以及更近的 津巴布韦元。虽然以前的货币失败通常是由于在比特币上不可能发生的超通货膨胀，但是总会有潜在的技术失误，竞争货币和政治问题等。基本的经验就是，没有一种货币可以被认为是绝对安全，不会出现失败或困难时期的。比特币自诞生起几年中被证明是可靠的，而且比特币继续成长的潜力很大。但是，没有人能够预测比特币的未来会怎样。
There are many unsuccessful currencies that have not been used in history, such as . While previous currency failures were usually due to hyperinflation that could not have occurred in Bitcoin, there was always a potential technical error, a competition for money and politics.
价格的快速上涨并不会构成泡沫。人为的高估将会导致一个突然向下的修正，才会构成泡沫。基于成千上万的市场参与者个体行为的选择导致比特币价格的波动是市场决定价格的结果。从情感上说，价格变动的原因包括：对比特币失去信心，不是基于比特币经济的基本面的价格和价值之间的巨大差异，越来越多的刺激投机性需求的新闻报道，对不确定性的恐惧，以及过时的非理性的繁荣和贪婪。
An artificial overvaluation would result in a sudden downward revision that would create a bubble. The price fluctuations that result from the individual behavior of thousands of market participants are the result of price-fixing by the market. Emotionally, price movements are due to loss of confidence, not the huge difference between prices and values based on the fundamentals of the Bitcoin economy, increasing press coverage that stimulates speculative demand, fear of uncertainty, and outmoded irrational prosperity and greed.
庞氏骗局是一种诈骗性的投资运作，它是利用投资者自己的钱作为回报支付给投资者，或者利用新投资人的钱支付给老投资者，而非通过公司本身经营所赚的钱作为回报。当没有足够的新投资人加入便导致庞氏骗局瓦解，最后的投资人便会蒙受损失。
The Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that uses investors’ own money to pay back to investors, or new investors’ money to pay back to old investors, rather than the money earned through the company’s own operations. When there are not enough new investors to join, the Ponzi scheme breaks down, and the last investor loses.
比特币是一个无中央管理机构的自由软件项目，因此，没有人能够对投资回报做虚假的陈述。就像其他主要货币，如黄金、美元、欧元、日元等，比特币不能保证购买力并且汇率是自由浮动的。由此导致的波动性使得比特币持有者无法预测获利或损失。事实是，由于其有用的和有竞争力的特性，比特币正在为成千上万的用户和企业所使用。
Bitcoin is a free software project without a central administration, so no one can make a false statement about the return on investment. Like other major currencies, such as gold, the United States dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen, bitcoins do not guarantee purchasing power and exchange rates are free to float.
一些早期使用者拥有大量的比特币，因为他们在一个未经证实的技术上冒着风险投入了时间和资源，而当时该技术几乎还无人使用，也更难保证其安全性。在比特币变得有价值之前，许多早期的使用者经常消费大量的比特币，或者仅仅只买了少量的比特币，因此并没有获得巨大的收益。谁也不能保证比特币的价格将上涨或下跌。这非常像投资给一个早期的初创公司，可能会随着其实用性和普及获得价值，也也可能一直没有突破。比特币尚处于起步阶段，它的设计者眼光长远；很难想象它如何能够更少地偏向早期的使用者，今天的用户可能会是明天的早期使用者，也可能不是。
Some early users have large amounts of bitcoins because they put their time and resources at risk in an unproven technology that was virtually unusable and less secure. Before Bitcoin became valuable, many early users often consumed large amounts of bitcoins, or bought only a small amount of bitcoins, and thus did not reap significant benefits. No one can guarantee that the price of bitcoins would rise or fall.
Bitcoin 的独特之处在于只有总量为2100万的比特币会被生成。但是这根本不会成为一种局限，因为交易中可以将比特币划分成更小的次级单位，比如 bit - 一比特币等于 1,000,000 bit。一个比特币可以拆分到小数点后8位 （0.000 000 01），如果将来平均单笔交易规模减小到一定程度时，甚至可以拆分到更小的单位。
Bitcoin is unique in that only a bitcoin of 21 million dollars will be generated. But this is not a limitation at all, because it can be divided into smaller sub-units, such as bit - one bit equals 1,000,000 bit. A bitcoin can be split into eight decimal places (0.000 000 01) and even smaller units if the average single transaction is reduced to a certain extent in the future.
螺旋式通缩理论这么阐述，如果预计价格要下跌，为了从较低的价格中获利，人们将选择今后再购买。由此导致的需求减少反过来将使商家试图通过降低他们的价格刺激需求，从而使问题更糟，并导致经济萧条。
The helix deflation theory says that if prices are expected to fall, people will choose to buy again in the future in order to profit from lower prices. The resulting demand reduction will in turn make businesses attempt to stimulate demand by lowering their prices, making the problem worse and leading to a recession.
尽管该理论普遍地被中央银行家们用于解释通货膨胀，但它似乎并不总是有效，经济学家之间对该理论也有争议。消费类电子产品市场就是一个例子，商品价格不断下跌，但并没有导致萧条。同样地，比特币的价值不断在上升，同时比特币经济的规模也随之大幅增长。因为比特币的经济规模和货币价值都是从2009年由零开始，所以比特币是螺旋式通缩理论的一个反例，说明有时候该理论必然是错的。
While the theory is generally used by central bankers to explain inflation, it does not always seem to be effective, and it is controversial among economists. The consumer-type electronics market is one example, where commodity prices are falling, but it does not lead to a depression. Similarly, the value of Bitcoin is rising, and the size of the Bitcoin economy is growing substantially.
尽管如此，比特币并没有设计成为一个通货紧缩的货币。更准确的说法是，比特币在其早期有通胀的趋势，在其后期变得稳定。只有当人们粗心地丢了钱包又没有备份时才会导致流通中的比特币数量减少。有了稳定的货币基础和稳定的经济，货币的价值应保持不变。
Bitcoin, however, is not designed to become a deflationary currency. To be more precise, bitcoin became stable at the end of its early inflation trend. Only when people carelessly lose their wallets without backup will it lead to a reduction in the number of bitcoins in circulation. With a stable monetary base and a stable economy, the value of the currency should remain constant.
这是一个鸡生蛋、蛋生鸡的问题。为了稳定比特币的价格，需要越来越多的企业和用户发展大规模的经济。为了发展大规模的经济，企业和用户将寻求价格的稳定性。
To stabilize the price of Bitcoin, more and more businesses and users are needed to develop a large economy. To develop a large economy, businesses and users will seek price stability.
幸运的是，波动性不会影响比特币作为A到B点对点支付系统的主要优点。企业可以即时将比特币兑换成当地货币，使其既能得益于比特币的优势，又不会受到比特币价格波动影响。由于比特币提供了许多有用的独特功能和属性，很多用户选择了使用比特币。有了这样的解决方案和动因，随着将来比特币成熟和发展到一定程度，实现其价格的有限波动是完全可能的。
Fortunately, volatility does not affect the main advantages of Bitcoin as a point-to-B payment system. Enterprises can immediately convert bitcoin into local currency so that they can benefit from the advantage of bitcoin without being affected by bitcoin price fluctuations.
发行至今的比特币只有一小部分在交易市场上出售。比特币市场竞争激烈，意味着一个比特币的价格会根据供求关系上下浮动。另外，在未来几十年中新的比特币还会持续发行。所以即使是最决断的买家也不可能将现有的比特币全部买下。但是这种情况并不意味着这个市场对价格操纵是免疫的。要使比特币的市场价格上下变动并不需要投入非常大量的资金，因此到目前为止比特币依然属于一种波动性较大的资产。
Only a fraction of the bitcoins that have been issued so far are sold on the trading market. Bitcoins are highly competitive, meaning that the price of a bitcoins will fluctuate according to supply and demand.
这有可能发生。但就目前来说，比特币仍是迄今为止最流行的去中心化虚拟货币，不过谁也不能保证它永远处于这一地位。现在已经有一些受到比特币启发的替代货币出现。然而一个较为合理的假设是，新型货币需要有重大的改进才可能在目前既定的市场上替代比特币，当然这些依然是不可预知的。在不改变协议基本组成的前提下，比特币或许也会采用一些竞争货币的改进措施。
But for the time being, bitcoin is still the most popular decentralized virtual currency to date, but no one can guarantee that it will remain in that position forever. There are now some alternative currencies inspired by bitcoin.
注册有任何问题请添加 微信：MVIP619 拉你进入群
打开微信扫一扫
添加客服
进入交流群
发表评论