如同春天里葳蕤的野草，“区块链”这个概念近几年迅速蔓延开来，漫山遍野，渡过四大洋，火遍五大洲南北西东。
As with spring grass, the concept of the “block chain” has spread rapidly in recent years across the mountains, across the four oceans and across the north-west and north-west of the five continents.
随着区块链热点的升温，在区块链技术之上的大国竞争也若隐若现，引发全球关注。
As the hotspots of the block chain are warming, large-scale competition over block chain technology is also hidden, triggering global attention.
“区块链”以其独特魅力，引得“天下英雄尽折腰”。
With its unique charm, the Block Chain draws “heroes all over the world”.
“区块链”是何方神圣？
Who is the sacred part of the block chain?
这天，王大昌到乡镇卫生院看病。
On that day, Wang Dachang went to the village health clinic to see him.
病情不轻，光检查就做了十多项。最后医生还是建议他去大医院。
The doctor finally advised him to go to the hospital.
此后王大昌先后去了市里、省里和北京的三甲医院。每次都被要求做若干项检查。这种重复性的检查，不仅让王大昌心疼钱，也让他盼望众多医院之间能“通个气”。
Wang Dachang has since gone to tri-a hospitals in the city, province and Beijing. Each time he is asked to perform several examinations. This repeated examination not only upsets Wang, but also makes him look forward to "one-size-fits-all" between the many hospitals.
王大昌的女儿王婷正上大学，听完父亲的抱怨，她说如今实现这一点并不难。
Wang Dachang's daughter, Wang Ting, is attending university and listening to his father's complaints, saying that it is not difficult to do so today.
“每家医院都是一个数据库，现在已经实现的情况，是医生把病人信息都上传到了本院数据库里。只不过，每家医院的数据库都是独立的，不通气。这样让老百姓浪费了很多钱重复作检查。如果以后每个医院都能看到所有医院的病人信息，那就不仅能给老百姓省很多钱，也节省了排队检查和等检查结果的时间，大幅度减少医院的工作量……”
“Every hospital is a database, and what has now been achieved is that doctors upload patient information into their own database. It's just that every hospital's database is independent and incompetent. This will cost the population a lot of money to double-check. If every hospital can see all hospital's patient information in the future, it will save the population not only a lot of money, but also time to wait and wait for the results of the check-ups, and significantly reduce the hospital's workload...”
“对呀对呀，闺女，怎么才能让所有医院都能看到咱们在乡院县院作的检查？”
"That's right, girl. How can all hospitals be able to see what we're doing in the county courtyard?"
“那就是所有医院都把病人资料上传到一个地方，把这些资料打成包、结成块，全都联结起来，形成‘全国门诊病号资料库’。同时每个医院还要自己再单独备份着一份副本。”
"that all hospitals upload patient data to one place, wrap it up in a package and a block, all of which are linked together into a `National Clinical Clinical Disease Database'. Each hospital has to back itself up with a copy."
“这样就太好了！”王大昌对女儿的想法连连叫好，“这样病人再去别的医院看病，医生马上就能找出之前在别的医院作的检查，就不用重复检查浪费金钱浪费时间了。”
“That's great!” Wang Dachang called her daughter, “so that the patient can go to another hospital and the doctor can find out about the previous check-up in another hospital, without wasting money and time.”
面对王婷的咨询，硕士生导师说：“这些打包的‘病号信息’，就是一个个区块；把这些区块联结起来，串成一条巨大的链条，就是区块链。”
In response to Wang Ting's advice, the master's student mentor said, “These packaged `disease number information' is a block; these blocks are linked together into a huge chain, a block chain”.
“这就是区块链！”教授斩钉截铁地说。
“This is the chain of blocks!” says Professor.
“区块链”有啥本事？
What's in the block chain?
由此可见，区块链其实一点儿也不神秘，它就是个“有本事的数据库”罢了。
So the chain of blocks is not mysterious at all, it's just a capable database.
那么，区块链有什么“本事”呢？
So, what's "good" in the block chain?
最大的“本事”是“靠谱”，给人更大的安全感。
The greatest “competence” is one that gives people a greater sense of security.
每家医院只保存着自己的病人信息，此时，每家医院的数据库就是一个“中心”，如果受到攻击，资料就没了。有了区块链后，每家医院都保存着“所有医院的病人信息”，即使一家医院被攻击，病人的信息也不会失去。此时每家医院就不再是中心，这就叫“去中心化”。
Each hospital keeps only its own patient's information, so the database of each hospital is a “centre”, and if it is attacked, the data is gone. With a block chain, each hospital keeps “patient information on all hospitals”, and even if a hospital is attacked, the patient's information is not lost. At this point, each hospital is no longer a centre, which is called “centreization”.
还有个“本事”是“毫发不伤”，也就是“防篡改”。所有信息都人手一份，就叫“分布式账本”，原信息该啥样就是啥样，休想改头换面。分布式账本可以完美解决以往传统记账方法的不足之处，它由一个或多个或无数个区块组成，假设每个区块代表账本的一页，区块可以无限增加;每个区块都会加密并盖上时间戳，按照时间顺序链接成一个总账本;它由参与用户共同维护，去中心化。
There is also one "no harm" or "no tampering". All information is in hand, called a "distributed account book," and the original information is what it is, and no change of face. The distribution book is a perfect solution to the deficiencies of the traditional accounting methods of the past, consisting of one or more or more blocks, assuming that each block represents one page of the account book and that the blocks can be added indefinitely; each block is encrypted and stamped with a time stamp, linked in chronological order to a master account book; it is maintained jointly by the participating users to centralize it.
第三个“本事”就是“隐形术”。区块链是加密算法，只有经过授权，承载的信息才能显示出来。倘若没有授权，你就是打开，它也是一堆乱码。
The third thing is "invisibility." Block chains are cryptography algorithms that only when authorized, the information carried can be displayed. If not authorized, you open it, and it's a mess.
此外，区块链还具有可溯源、民主决策机制、交易契约执行自动化等“本事”。
In addition, the block chain has “capables” of traceability, democratic decision-making mechanisms, and automation of the execution of trade contracts.
正因为区块链具有这些“本事”，所以其所承载的信息，才会真实有效，为很多国家所认可。区块链的诞生，是互联网发展到一定阶段的产物，是下一代互联网的关键技术。未来“区块链+”将给各行各业插上“天使的翅膀”，大幅度提升国家治理能力，更好地服务于实体经济发展。
The creation of block chains is a product of the Internet to a certain stage and a key technology for the next generation of the Internet. In the future, block chains+ will insert angels' wings into all walks of life to significantly enhance national governance and better serve real economic development.
区块链改变未来生活
The chain of blocks changes life in the future.
随着区块链技术创新发展逐步成熟，产业应用的实际效果愈发显现，区块链的应用已从金融领域延伸到实体领域。
As the technological innovation of the block chain matures, the practical effects of industrial applications become more apparent and the application of the block chain extends from the financial area to the physical area.
根据IDC（互联网数据中心）研究，2018年中国区块链的市场支出规模的强劲增长态势将在未来三年延续。2017至2022年复合增长率将超过80%。随着技术的不断发展，区块链技术将会“多点开花、加速推进”，在各行各业中实现突破。
According to the IDC (Internet Data Centre), the strong growth in the size of market spending on the Chinese block chain in 2018 will continue over the next three years. The combined growth rate will exceed 80% between 2017 and 2022. As technology continues, block chain technology will be “a little more flowered and accelerated” to achieve breakthroughs across industries.
利用区块链可以轻松建立有时间戳的通用记录存储库，达到不同数据库都可提取数据信息的目的。由此区块链技术可以帮助多部门之间实现信息整合、数据实时共享，不再需要繁琐的个人证明。区块链不可篡改的特性从根本上改变了这一情况，出生证、房产证、婚姻证都可以在区块链上公证，变成了全球都信任的东西。
The use of block chains can easily create a time-stamped repository of common records that can extract data from different databases. Thus, block chain technology can help to integrate information across sectors, share data in real time, and do not require cumbersome personal certification.
区块链技术可以让支付和交易变得更高效、更便捷。区块链平台允许用户创建在满足某些条件时变为活动的智能合约。这意味着当交易双方同意满足其条件时，可以释放自动付款。
Block chain technology can make payments and transactions more efficient and easier. Block chain platforms allow users to create smart contracts that become active when certain conditions are met.
区块链技术可以让商品来源可追溯。假如你买了一个苹果，在区块链技术下，你可以知道从果农的生产到流通环节的全过程。在这其中有政府的监管信息、有专业的检测数据、有企业的质量检验数据等。
If you buy an apple, under block chain technology, you know the whole way from fruit farmers’ production to the flow chain. These include government regulatory information, professional testing data, quality testing data for businesses, etc.
区块链技术可以让保护版权更有效。创作者把作品放在区块链上，一旦有人使用了他的作品，他立刻就能知道。相应的版税也会自动支付给创作者。区块链技术既保护了版权，也有助于创作者更好更直接地向消费者售卖作品。
Block chain technology can be more effective in protecting copyrights. The creator puts the work on the block chain, and he knows it as soon as someone uses it. The corresponding royalties are paid to the creator. The block chain technology protects copyright and helps the creator to sell the work better and more directly to consumers.
区块链技术的应用场景不胜枚举。
The field of application of block chain technology is numerous.
区块链机遇挑战并存的新前景
New prospects for the co-existence of block chain opportunities
区块链未来已来，准备好了吗？
The chain of blocks is coming in the future. Ready?
区块链不仅是生产力的巨大进步，而且将重构生产关系。区块链毫无疑问代表着新技术和更为先进的生产力，将带来生产关系的更深刻变革，主要体现在激励机制的重构。。
Block chains are not only a great advance in productivity; they will also re-establish productive relationships. They undoubtedly represent new technologies and more advanced productivity, and they will lead to deeper changes in productive relationships, mainly in the re-engineering of incentives.
从行业共识来看，区块链技术的发展仍然处于起跑阶段。在可预见的未来，区块链将成为整个社会的底层操作系统，“区块链+”将蔚然成风，这也将给我国各个产业带来重大机遇。但从行业看，随着应用场景加快落地，在3年到5年内才会更快发展。
In the foreseeable future, the block chain will become the bottom operating system for society as a whole, and the “block chain plus” will become the wind, which will also provide significant opportunities for the country’s industries. But, in industry, as the application landscape accelerates, it will only grow faster in three to five years.
从技术储备和资本支持等方面来看，我国在区块链领域仍然拥有良好基础。中国自主创新能力的提升为区块链加速商业化提供了保障。2017年、2018年我国公开的区块链专利数量连续两年蝉联全球第一。今年上半年，我国公开的区块链专利数量为3547项，已超2018年公开的全年专利总量2435项。
In terms of technological reserves and capital support, China still has a good foundation in the area of block chains. The upgrading of China’s autonomous innovation capacity guarantees accelerated commercialization of block chains. In 2017 and 2018, the number of open block chain patents in China was the first in a row for two consecutive years. In the first half of this year, the number of open block chain patents was 35,47, and the total number of patents in China was over 2,435 in 2018.
在资本市场方面，从全球来看，目前95%以上的区块链融资事件处于种子轮、天使轮及A轮阶段，B轮及以后只占3%，这说明产业依旧处于早期阶段。而在我国，截至今年上半年，区块链初创期项目融资轮次占比仍高达88.06%。从2015年开始，中国区块链领域的战略投资的占比逐渐增加，从低于10%增长到2018年的24.38%。
In terms of capital markets, at present, more than 95% of block chain financing is in the seed wheels, angel wheels, and wheels A, and only 3% of B and beyond, indicating that industry is still at an early stage. In my country, as of the first half of this year, the number of rounds of block chain start-up projects remains as high as 88.06%.
从人才储备上看，跨领域专业人才缺口较大。在全球市场上，具有相关资深研发经验的人才有非常大的缺口，区块链顶层系统架构设计人才更是“一将难求”。
In terms of the pool of talent, there is a large gap in multidisciplinary expertise. In the global market, there is a very large gap between those with relevant senior R & D experience, and those who design the architecture of the top layers of the chain are “one-stop”.
区块链产业发展受到中国地方政府重视。目前，结合各地特色，区块链落地场景不断拓展，但仍处于较为初级阶段。
The development of the block chain industry is valued by the local government of China. At present, the landscape of the block chain is expanding, taking into account local characteristics, but it is still at a relatively early stage.
据统计，截至2019年5月，北京、上海、广东、江苏、浙江、贵州、山东等超过30个省市地区发布政策指导文件，开展区块链产业布局；全国已成立区块链产业园22家，杭州、广东、上海等沿海城市占比过半，其中20家为政府主导或参与推进。
As of May 2019, more than 30 provinces and municipalities in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guizhou and Shandong had issued policy guidance documents on the layout of the sector chain industry; 22 block chain estates had been established across the country, representing more than half of the coastal cities of Hangzhou, Guangdong and Shanghai, of which 20 were government-led or involved.
目前，区块链技术的应用场景不断铺开，从金融、产品溯源、政务民生、电子存证到数字身份与供应链协同，场景的深入化和多元化不断加深，取得了很多实际成果。
At present, the deployment of block-chain technologies is opening up, ranging from finance, product traceability, civics, electronic record-keeping to digital identity and the synergy of supply chains, and the deepening and diversification of the scene is yielding many tangible results.
中国的科技巨头布局区块链工程技术研发，深度赋能实体经济。如阿里云区块链BaaS面向企业级客户，为客户搭建商品溯源、数字资产交易等14个应用场景。华为的区块链服务BCS为企业及开发者提供公有云区块链服务。
For example, BaaS, the Aryan block chain, is aimed at business-level customers and provides them with 14 applications, such as commodity traceability, digital asset trading, etc. The Chinese block chain service, BCS, serves businesses and developers as public cloud block chains.
在区块链落地方面，未来可选择政务数据共享、医药品溯源、普惠金融、司法存证等国计民生重点领域，组织开展区块链应用的先导示范，培育行业龙头、领军企业和产业生态。
With regard to the location of block chains, future policy data-sharing, medical traceability, inclusive finance, judicial documentation, etc., could be selected as areas of focus for the population and the development of pilot models for the application of block chains and the development of industry leaders, leading enterprises and industrial ecology.
来源：人民法治 记者:徐峰
Source: People's Rule of Law Reporter: Xu Feng
责任编辑：王雪
Responsible Editor: Wang Xue
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原标题：《区块链初出江湖锋芒毕露》
Original title: "At the beginning of the chain of blocks "
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