1：2016年12月（区块链发布时间）
1: December 2016 (block chain release time)
2：2019年5月（食品安全）
2:05.2019 (food safety)
人类呼出二氧化碳，植物吸入二氧化碳，呼出氧气
Humans breathe carbon dioxide, plants inhale carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
区块链基本概念
Basic concept of the block chain
P2P网络路由，分布式，共识机制，难以篡改
P2P network route, distribution, consensus mechanism, difficult to manipulate
去中心化，交易透明，匿名性，不可篡改 可追溯性，自治性。公开性。
Decentralization, transparency of transactions, anonymity, non-retroactivity, autonomy. Openness.
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1、区块链 演化
1. Evolves of blocks
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?去中心化
¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ to centralize
?
- ?
区块链核心技术
Block chain core technology
一、密码学--所有区块链技术的基石
I. cryptography - the cornerstone of all block chain technology
1.哈希算法 (1)不可逆性? ? （2）数据对应唯一性
1. Hashi algorithm (1) Irreversibility? (2) Data corresponds uniqueness
2.非对称加密
2. Asymmetric encryption
二、分布式账本
II. Distributed books
三、共识机制
III. Consensus mechanisms
四、智能合约
IV. Smart contracts
区块链
Block Chain
1、去中心化
1. Decentralization
2、不可篡改
2. Irreversible
3、交易透明
Transparency of transactions
4、匿名性
4. Anonymousity
5、可追溯性
5. Retroactivity
6、自治性
6. Autonomy
7、公开性
Publicity
2016开始，2019年10.24习主持学习。
Started in 2016 with 10.24 in 2019.
?一、去中心化：各节点相同；
(i) Decentralization: the nodes are the same;
区块链的基本概念：区块+链--共识机制（选择）--每个用户都是节点---
Basic concept of block chains: blocks + chain - consensus mechanism (option) - each user is node -
区块链特点：1、去中心化：2、交易透明? 3、匿名性；4、不可篡改；5、可追溯；6、自治性；7、公开性；
(a) Features of the block chain: 1, decentralization: 2, transparency of transactions? 3, anonymity; 4, non-rotability; 5, traceability; 6, autonomy; 7, openness;
区块链对我们生活影响
The chain of blocks affects our lives.
1、不需要繁琐证明
1. There is no need for cumbersome certification
2、看病避免反复检查?
2. Avoid repeated examinations?
3、旅行消费更便捷
3. Travel consumption is easier
4、交易无需第三方
4. No third party is required for the transaction
5、商品来源可追溯
5. Retroactivity of commodity sources
6、保护版权更有效
6. More effective protection of copyright
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区块链是什么
What's the block chain?
区块链的作用和价值是什么
What's the role and value of the block chain?
国际国内对区块链的关注程度怎样
What is the level of international and domestic attention to the block chain?
技术的发展需要政策的引领
Technology development requires policy leadership
我国区块链相关政策解读--2016年12月发布
Policy interpretation of our block chain - released in December 2016
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区块链
Block Chain
公共账本数据 每个账本全员共同验证？?密钥选举唯一密钥？
Public ledger data, all books together? Key election only key?
每个账本都是唯一独立数据，可视为一个区块
Each account book is the only stand-alone data that can be considered a block.
每个账本之间存在关联，前一个账本的最末数据作为下一账本的初始数据，使得每个数据区块产生数据关联形成区块链
Each account is connected, and the last data of the previous account is used as the initial data for the next account, allowing each data block to generate a data association into a block chain
与账本相关用户可对自己数据进行写入，同时可以浏览其它用户数据
Users associated with the book can write their own data while viewing other user data
每个用户都拥有账本，数据难以篡改
Every user has an account book, and the data is hard to tamper with.
每个用户都拥有账本数据，账本数据不用集中存储。
Each user has book data, which are not centrally stored.
1 去中心化
One. To centralize.
共同记账? 权限对等 无单点故障
No single faults.
2 交易透明
2 Transparency of transactions
所有节点数据算法相同，拥有记账权限节点记录数据并广播，与其他节点共同验证数据
All nodes have the same data algorithms, have bookkeeping rights to record and broadcast the data and verify the data in conjunction with other nodes
3.匿名性
3. Anonymousity
同一账本节点遵循固定算法，数据交互通过算法完成验证，无须公开身份
The same account node follows a fixed algorithm and data interactions are validated by algorithms without the need for disclosure of identity
4.不可篡改
4. Irreversible
各账本间通过共识算法关联，被所有用户共同记录，前后关联数据加密，除非控制超51%节点，否则单用户无法修改，篡改难度高，安全可靠。
The ledgers are linked by consensus algorithms, are recorded by all users together, and pre- and post-link data are encrypted, and individual users are unable to modify, tamper with and secure and reliable unless they control more than 51 per cent of the nodes.
5.可追溯性
5. Retroactivity
账本间通过算法及加密关联，区块间造假可以被进去识别，实现可追溯，保证数据安全
Arithmetic and encryption links between books allow for interblock forgery to be identified, traceable and data secure.
6.自治性
6. Autonomy
账本间固定算法，数据无法被认为干预。
The inter-book fixed algorithm does not allow data to be considered as interference.
7公开性
Publicity
用户节点都有全网总账，可对各账本进行查询
User nodes have a web-wide master record, which allows individual books to be checked
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区块链对生活的影响
The impact of block chains on life
1不需繁琐的个人证明
1 No cumbersome personal certification
2看病避免反复检查
2. Avoid repeated examinations
3旅行消费更便捷
Three travels are easier to consume.
4交易无需第三方
4 transactions do not require a third party
5商品来源可追溯
5 Retroactivity of commodity sources
6版权保护
6 Copyright protection
?
?
区块链的特点：
Features of the block chain:
交易透明：共识算法记账
Transparency of transactions: Consensus accounting
匿名性
Anonymous
去中心化：所有节点共同记账
To centralize: all nodes are accounted for together
不可篡改
It can't be tampered with.
可追溯
Retroactivity
自治性
Autonomy
公开性
Publicity
六大公园场景营造：
The six main park scenes were created:
1.山水生态公园场景
1. Mountain-water ecological park scene
2.天府绿道公园场景
2. Green Road Park scene
3.乡村田园公园场景
3. Country gardening
4.城市街区公园场景
4. Park scenes in urban neighbourhoods
5.天府人文公园场景
5. Human park scenes in Heaven
6.产业社区公园场景
6. Industrial community park scenes
中共中央 国务院? 中央各部位
Central China, State Department, central departments.
2020年1月 10部位连发了11则促进区块链与各领域结合的政策
In January 2020, 11 policies to promote the integration of block chains and fields were launched in 10 locations.
工业与信息化部（工信部）
Ministry of Industry and Informatics
《中国区块链技术和应用发展白皮书》
White Paper on Technology and Applied Development in China's Block Chain
1 国内外区块连发展现状的研究分析
1 Research analysis of the current state of development of internal and external blocks
1.1区块链演化路径
The path of the 1.1 block chain evolution
? ?1.1.1技术起源
♪ 1.1.1 Origin of technology
? ? P2P
? ? 加密
♪ Encryption
? ?数据库
♪ Database ♪
? ?电子现金
♪ Electronic cash
1.1.2区块链1.0
1.1.2 Block chain 1.0
? ? 分布式账本
♪ Distributed books
? ?块链式数据
♪ ♪ chain data ♪
? ?梅克尔树
♪ The Merkel Tree ♪
? 工作量证明
♪ Workload certification
1.1.3区块链2.0
1.1.3 Block chain 2.0
? ? 智能合约
♪ Smart contracts
? ? 虚拟机
♪ Virtual machine
? ?去中心化应用
♪ To centralize applications
1.2区块链发展生态
1.2 Block chain development ecology
? ? 开源社区 产业联盟? 骨干企业 初创公司? 投资机构? 金融机构 监管机构
♪ Open-source communities, industrial unions, backbone enterprises, start-up companies, investment institutions, financial institutions, regulators
? ? 形成一个? 具有资金支持 监管 底层技术支持? 产业应用的闭环。
♪ Form a ♪ with financial support to regulate bottom technology support ♪ industry application closed.
推动区块链发展的相关建议
Recommendations for facilitating the development of the block chain
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《成都市美丽宜居公园城市规划（2018-2035年）》
" Urban planning for beautiful urban parks (2018-2035) "
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1、区块链特点：
1. Block chain characteristics:
去中心化、交易透明、匿名性、不可篡改、可追溯、自治性、公开性。
Decentralization, transparency of transactions, anonymity, immobility, traceability, autonomy, openness.
2、理念
2. Concepts
创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享。
Innovation, coordination, green, open, shared.
3、对未来生活的影响
III. IMPACT ON FUTURE LIFE
不需繁琐个人证明、看病避免反复检查、旅行消费更便捷、交易无需第三方、商品来源可追溯、保护版权更有效。
There is no need for cumbersome personal certificates, avoidance of repeated examinations, easier travel consumption, no need for third parties for transactions, retroactive origin of goods, and more effective protection of copyrights.
《成都市城市总体规划（2016-2035年）》
Sustainable Urban Master Plan (2016-2035)
1.成都市战略定位
1. Strategic positioning of cities
（1）三步走（2022-2035-2050）
(1) Three-step walk (2022-2035-2050)
2022年 五个基本形成 3个显著增强
2022, five basic formations, three significant enhancements.
（2）城市规模（人口规模、建设用地规模）
(2) Urban size (population size, size of land to be built)
（3）空间布局（一心两翼一区三轴多中心）
(3) Space layout (two-wing, three-axis multi-centre)
2.四个转型
2.4 transformations
1.城市发展定位转型（枢纽城市）
1. Urban development positioning transformation (juncture cities)
空中、铁路货运、客运、高速公路、网络通信枢纽
Air, rail, passenger, highway, network communications hubs
2.空间结构转型（东进、南拓、西控、北改、中优）
2. Space structural transformation (Eungjin, Nantao, West Control, North Reform, Middle Yu)
3.发展方式转型-四定原则
3. Transformation of the development approach -- four principles
以水定人、以底定城、以能定业、以气定形
Aquatic, desolate city, capable of doing business, immobilized.
4.整体形态转型
4. Overall morphology transformation
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