《科创板日报》（上海，记者徐赐豪实习记者张洋洋）讯5月21日，国务院副总理刘鹤主持召开国务院金融稳定发展委员会第五十一次会议，研究部署下一阶段金融领域重点工作。会议强调打击比特币挖矿和交易行为，坚决防范个体风险向社会领域传递。
在对虚拟货币交易监管趋严的大背景下，用人民币出入金的OTC交易成为重点监管对象。
In the broader context of tighter regulation of virtual currency transactions, OTC transactions in and out of the renminbi became a priority subject of regulation.
《科创板日报》记者了解到，目前各地警方办理了一大批OTC交易相关案件，涉嫌网络诈骗、非法洗钱、非法经营罪、帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪等多种罪名。这对于原本就遭受非议的虚拟货币交易而言，此次监管的举动无异于直击命门。
A reporter from the CSIP Daily News has learned that the police are currently handling a large number of OTC-related cases involving cyber-fraud, illegal money-laundering, illegal operations, and the facilitation of cyber-crime activities. This is no different from a direct attack on a non-negotiated virtual currency deal.
火币、币安等交易平台则向《科创板日报》记者表示，一直都严格审查OTC交易；但它们也坦言，现阶段还面临着无法和银行、支付端进行数据互通的困难，在追踪资金转移工作上，平台与外部还存在数据割裂等问题。
Trading platforms such as gun money, currency security, etc., have indicated to the daily CSIP journalists that OTC transactions have always been subject to scrutiny; however, they have also said that at this stage they are facing difficulties in sharing data with banks and payment enders, and that there are problems in tracking money transfers where the platform is cut off from the outside.
OTC交易监管趋严
OTC transactions are more regulated
近日，各个微信群里流传出一些图片和留言，称有从事虚拟货币OTC交易的人员因涉嫌帮助信息网络犯罪活动，被杭州富阳区、赣州会昌县、厦门等地公安和派出所刑事拘留。
In recent days, pictures and messages have been circulated in various micro-groups, alleging that persons engaged in virtual currency OTC transactions are being held in criminal detention at public security and police stations in Fuyang District, Hangzhou, Chang County, Xiamen, etc., on suspicion of contributing to information cybercrime activities.
《科创板日报》记者致电上述相关派出所了解具体情况。其中，杭州富阳区公安分局明确表示，“比特币的交易买卖都是违法的，如有具体涉案情况，当事人可以咨询当地派出所。”
A reporter from the Daily News called the police station in question to find out about the situation. The Public Security Department in Fuyang District, Hangzhou, made it clear that “the trade in Bitcoin is illegal, and the person concerned may consult the local police station if he or she is specifically involved.”
不过，会昌县、厦门沃头边防派出所表示，虚拟货币相关交易是否涉及违法，需要看法律上对于虚拟货币的定性，详细情况需要当事人咨询当地警方。
However, Cong Chang County, the Xiaomao border police station, indicated that whether a virtual currency-related transaction involved a violation of the law required a legal characterization of the virtual currency, the details of which required consultation with the local police.
OTC即Over-the-Counter，指在交易所场外进行的交易，比特币OTC交易，则是指不经过交易所撮合，个人之间点对点的比特币交易，交易所在其中起着中间商的角色。
OTC, the Over-the-Counter, refers to transactions conducted outside the exchange, and Bitcoin OTC, refers to Bitcoin transactions between individuals that are not organized by the exchange, in which the exchange acts as a broker.
《科创板日报》记者在其他虚拟货币投资交流群也发现，有投资者爆料自己在交易所出金，被警方带走拘留，不少人认为，冻卡潮将来袭，国家可能要对交易所OTC加强监管。
In other virtual currency investment exchanges, the Daily News journalist also found that investors were taking money from the exchange and being taken into custody by the police, and that many believed that the future of the Frozen Card surge might require the State to tighten its supervision over the exchange OTC.
其中，OKEX的一个不愿具名的商家告诉《科创板日报》记者，有风声说OTC商家要关闭，最近他没有买卖USDT服务。
Of these, one of the unnamed businessmen, OKEX, told the daily reporter, OTC, that he was closing down and that he had not recently bought or sold USDT services.
该商家透露，OKEX上商家分两类：第一类主要服务大户，资金量都是七八位数的，他们通过OKEX的大户群交易群，群里都是熟人，交易风险并不高；第二类就是散户OTC，直接与普通的炒币玩家进行交易，这一类相对风险较高，可能会收到黑钱。
The businessman revealed that there are two types of traders: the first group of major service providers, all seven or eight digits of money, who, through the large group of OKEX traders, are acquaintances with little risk of trading; and the second group, the dispersed OTC, which deals directly with ordinary currency players, with a relatively high risk of receiving black money.
近年，一些电信诈骗、境内外赌博的犯罪嫌疑人利用银行卡转移巨额资金、实施犯罪行为，引起了公安部门高度重视。《南方都市报》曾报道广东省惠州市成功打掉一个跨境网络赌博和利用USDT在交易所OTC出金非法经营的违法犯罪团伙。
In recent years, a number of telecommunication frauds, the use of bank cards by individuals suspected of gambling inside and outside the country to transfer large amounts of money, and the commission of criminal acts have attracted the attention of the public security services. The South Metropolitan newspaper has reported that the city of Huezhou, Guangdong Province, has been successful in dismantling a criminal gang operating illegally on the exchange using USDT to raise money.
从近期的案例审理来看，圈内OTC交易最受瞩目的无疑是赵东案了。5月12日，杭州市西湖区人民法院依法对赵东、赵鹏等人开庭审判，罪由正是涉嫌非法经营罪、帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪。截止目前，法院暂未公布审判结果。
On May 12, the People’s Court of the West Lake Region of Hangzhou tried Zhao Dong and Zhao Peng, among others, on charges of illegal business and information cybercrime. As of now, the court has not published the results of the trial.
可以看出，因具有匿名性以及绕过交易限制的方法，虚拟货币OTC交易客观上为洗钱者提供了一个便捷通道。
As can be seen, the virtual currency OTC transaction objectively provides an easy route for money launderers due to anonymity and the way in which transactions are circumvented.
交易平台如何加强OTC审查？
How can the trading platform enhance the OTC review?
对于原本就遭受非议的虚拟货币交易而言，加强监管无异于直击命门。
Increased regulation is tantamount to a direct attack on virtual currency transactions that were originally under discussion.
中国银行法学研究会理事肖飒向《科创板日报》记者表示，OTC交易可能存在洗钱、掩饰隐瞒犯罪所得收益以及与他人共同犯罪的风险。
Xiao Xiao Xiao, a member of the China Banking Law Research Association, indicated to the journalist of the Daily Science and Innovations that OTC transactions could involve the risk of money-laundering, concealment of proceeds of crime and co-offending with others.
由于虚拟货币自身的特点，账户之间的转账和交易，并不要求交易者必须进行实名交易，也未限制每个用户能开立的账户数量，用户可以随意开立虚拟货币账户，在其控制的账户之间进行大量的、频繁的交易。
Because of the characteristics of the virtual currency itself, transfers and transactions between accounts do not require traders to carry out real-name transactions, nor do they limit the number of accounts that each user can open. Users are free to open virtual currency accounts and to make large and frequent transactions between accounts under their control.
肖飒还表示，甚至还可以购买他人身份信息开立账户，隐藏资金来源和走向。在实务中已经出现了行为人协助犯罪人在交易平台进行虚拟货币的买入卖出，或者提供自己的银行卡或者支付宝账户供他人提现，构成洗钱罪和掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪的情况。
Xiaojun also states that it is possible to purchase information about the identity of another person to open an account to hide the source and direction of the funds. In practice, there have been cases in which the perpetrator assisted the offender in buying or selling virtual money on a trading platform, or in providing his own bank card or payment of a treasure account for the other person’s presentation, constituting a money-laundering offence and a crime of concealing, concealing or concealing the proceeds of crime.
中央财经大法学院教授、金融科技法治研究中心联席主任邓建鹏指出，近年来银行卡司法冻结多出现在网络商品买卖业务中，买卖双方自身也应当从此类事件中吸取经验。在交易时进行严格的风控管理，不要成为助长非法行为的工具。
According to Deng Jianping, a professor at the Central School of Finance and Economics and co-director of the Centre for the Study of the Rule of Law in Financial Science and Technology, the freezing of bank cards in recent years has often been a factor in the sale of Internet goods, and it is up to buyers and sellers themselves to learn from such cases.
交易者一方向对手方提供银行卡号、接受对方资金之前，应尽到识别对方真实身份，并作到初步判断对方资金合法性来源等注意义务。相应的网络商品交易平台也应当要求其在合理范围内起到提醒义务，例如告知投资者哪些承兑商出现过资金被冻结的情况，对承兑商识别其身份，要求承兑商提供自身增信手段，减少对善意持人的带来冻卡风险。
The counterparty should be given a bank card number, receive the other party’s funds, and be obliged to identify the other party’s true identity and make a preliminary assessment of the legitimacy of the other’s funds.
《科创板日报》记者在火币交易所发现，如果是银行卡支付，OTC商家需要用户提供手机银行3—7天的流水，以及KYC的人脸识别的风控，如果银行卡中当天有进账的情况，OTC商家则会取消交易。一般当天买的币当天可以交易与提现。同时，OTC商家会有一个提醒，黑钱勿扰，否则报警处理。对于微信与支付宝的支付，只需与火币的账户实名一致。
The daily reporter found at the Flame Exchange that if a bank card was paid, OTC merchants would need users to provide mobile bank fluids for three to seven days, and KYC's face recognition control, and if there was a check in the bank card on the same day, OTC traders would cancel the transaction. Currency purchased that day could be traded and cashed on the same day. At the same time, OTC comptoirs would have a warning that black money would not be disturbed, otherwise they would be called to the police.
一位从事火币OTC服务2年多的商家向《科创板日报》记者表示，他们也没法提前知道收不收得到黑钱，只有自己在转账的时候发现自己的卡被冻住了，才会发现可能收到黑钱，自己做的事情是不是合法心里都没有底，提醒也是一种震慑小白的作用，出了问题一般会反馈给交易平台，让交易平台帮忙处理。平台一般就先让找银行问什么原因，同时平台会把可疑的账户冻结。
A businessman who has been working for over two years with the Firebill OTC has stated to the daily newspaper The Swordboard that they can't know in advance whether they will receive the money, that only if they find their cards frozen at the time of the transfer will they find out that they will receive the money, that there is no truth to what they are doing, and that the reminder is a deterrent to White, and that the transaction platform will normally be fed back into the transaction platform, and that the platform will be able to deal with it. The platform will usually ask banks about the reasons, and the platform will freeze suspicious accounts.
不过，记者发现OKEX交易所、币安的风控跟火币的有点不一样，他们的OTC交易委托单受T+1安全保护。即交易完成的时间起，买入的虚拟货币24小时内不能用于法币的卖出或提现，但不影响交易。
However, journalists have found that the exchange of OKEX, the currency, is a bit different from the gun, and that their OTC transaction orders are protected by T+1 security. That is, when the transaction is completed, the purchased virtual currency cannot be used for the sale or withdrawal of French currency for 24 hours, without prejudice to the transaction.
币安相关人员向《科创板日报》记者表示，对于OTC交易审查，平台一直很严格，相关用户三个月的流水、近期交易记录这些都要审核。
The officials indicated to the daily CSIP reporter that the platform had been rigorous in its review of OTC transactions, with three months of flowing water from the users concerned and recent records of transactions.
火币方面则向《科创板日报》记者表示，平台发现一种利用虚拟货币实施的新型杀猪盘骗局，它骗的不是受害人的现金而是虚拟货币，但由于很多人对虚拟货币不够了解，他们往往很难对此加以辨别。火币交易所平台在2020年一年内打击欺诈账户186个。
On the other hand, the gun price reported to the Journal of Science and Technology Daily that the platform had discovered a new hog-kill scheme that was implemented using virtual currency, and that it was not the cash of the victim but the virtual currency, but that was often difficult to identify because many people did not have sufficient knowledge of the virtual currency. In 2020, the gun price exchange platform had combated 186 fraudulent accounts.
火币进一步透露，由于平台风控系统只能针对收集到的情报和平台站内的数据进行预警和拦截，现阶段还面临着无法和银行、支付端进行数据互通的困难，在追踪资金转移工作上，平台与外部还存在数据割裂的问题。
It is further revealed that, as the Platform Wind Control System can only provide early warning and interception of information collected and data from within the Platform's stations, it is also facing difficulties in communicating data with banks and payment ends, and there is a problem of data fragmentation between the Platform and the outside in tracking money transfers.
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