分析｜比特币在美国合法吗？（2021更新）

资讯 2024-07-12 阅读:22 评论:0

美国支离破碎的法律体系意味着没有简单的答案。这很大程度上取决于你是谁，在哪个州。简单概述如下：1、根据联邦法律，比特币被定义为商品。2、但是，各州法律错综复杂，意味着与之相关的活动的法律地位在美国境内各不相同。3、在美国和其他地方，比...

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分析 | 比特币在美国合法吗？（2021更新）

美国支离破碎的法律体系意味着没有简单的答案。这很大程度上取决于你是谁，在哪个州。
简单概述如下：
1、根据联邦法律，比特币被定义为商品。
2、但是，各州法律错综复杂，意味着与之相关的活动的法律地位在美国境内各不相同。
3、在美国和其他地方，比特币的法律地位目前处于不断变化的状态。
The fragmented legal system of the United States means no simple answer. This depends to a large extent on who you are and which state.
is briefly summarized as follows:
1, according to federal law, is defined as a commodity.
2, but the complexity of state laws means that the legal status of the activity in question varies within the United States.
3, in the United States and elsewhere,

人们对比特币的熟悉程度达到了前所未有的高度，但是信任仍然是一个问题，世界上最受欢迎的加密货币的法律地位仍然存在很多不确定性。在许多司法管辖区，即使是在BTC发明十年之后，关于比特币的立法还是零零散散的。

The familiarity with has reached unprecedented levels, but trust remains a problem and the legal status of the most popular encrypted currency in the world remains much uncertain. In many jurisdictions, even in legislation on has remained fragmented.

美利坚合众国也不例外——尤其是因为它是由许多州组成的，每个州都有自己的法律。例如，在某些地方，比特币交易是合法的，而在另一些地方，这种做法值得怀疑。但是迄今为止，美国监管机构的相对灵活性，仍然吸引了该行业的大部分创新。

The United States of America is no exception, especially since it is made up of many states, each of which has its own laws. For example, in some places, the Bitcoin deal is legal, and in others it is questionable.

在这里，我们看看比特币在美国的合法性，以及与之相关的各种活动和最新进展。

Here, let us look at the legitimacy of Bitcoin in the United States, as well as the various activities and recent developments associated with it.

根据联邦法律，比特币在美国的法律地位
在联邦层面上与比特币最相关的两个机构是美国证券交易委员会（SEC），这是联邦政府的独立机构，负责执行联邦证券法律并监管证券市场，以及美国商品期货交易委员会（CFTC），监管美国衍生品市场-包括期货，掉期和某些期权。

Under federal law, the two institutions most relevant to Bitcoin's legal status in the United States at the federal level are the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) , which regulates the United States derivatives market - including futures, swaps and certain options.

至关重要的是，SEC表示比特币不是证券。同时，CFTC在2015年宣布它是一种商品，如黄金，因此要遵守其法规。

Crucially, the SEC says that bitcoin is not a security. Meanwhile, in 2015, the CFTC declared it a commodity, such as gold, and is therefore bound by its laws and regulations.

根据州法律，比特币在美国的法律地位
很大程度上是由于美国法律体系支离破碎，有关比特币的情况也是参差不齐的。有无数的法律，而且各州的法律也不相同。

under state law, Bitcoin’s legal status in the United States
is largely due to the fragmentation of the United States legal system, and the situation with respect to bitcoin is uneven. There are numerous laws, and the laws of the states are different.

例如，夏威夷在2014年禁止了所有加密业务，但在2018年放宽了限制，现在要求任何参与比特币和加密货币相关业务的人申请货币兑换许可证。纽约，特拉华州，佛罗里达州和堪萨斯州也采用了法规，但大多数州尚未就加密货币立法。

Hawaii, for example, banned all encryption operations in 2014, but eased restrictions in 2018, requiring any person involved in business related to bitcoin and encrypted currency to apply for a currency exchange permit. New York, Delaware, Florida, and Kansas have also adopted regulations, but most states have yet to legislate on encryption currency.

怀俄明州脱颖而出。“区块链国家”已经通过了十几项法律，为加密货币企业的商业活动提供便利，并使加密货币得到更广泛的接受，包括授予数字货币与货币相同的法律地位，并授权银行保管数字资产。

Wyoming has passed more than a dozen laws to facilitate the commercial activities of encrypted money enterprises and wider acceptance of encrypted money, including granting countries, granting digital money the same legal status as money and authorizing banks to keep digital assets.

虽然加州的数字资产监管法案短期内不会到期，但其目的是为该州提供类似的监管清晰度，并且（希望）将其定位为加密业务的潜在热点。今年8月，州参议院委员会以压倒性多数通过了该法案，现在该法案正在提交报告。

While the California Digital Assets Regulation Bill will not expire in the near future, its purpose is to provide the state with similar regulatory clarity and (hope to) position it as a potential hotspot for encryption. passed the Bill by an overwhelming majority in August this year, and the Bill is now being reported.

Q1: 在美国买卖比特币合法吗？
在许多州，购买比特币是完全合法的。2013年，美国财政部的金融犯罪执法网络（FINCEN）指南指出，只要商品或服务的卖方愿意接受比特币，并将其用作付款方式是合法的。

Q1: Is it legal to buy and sell bitcoin in the United States?
in many states, the purchase of bitcoin is perfectly legal. 2013, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN) guide of the United States Department of the Treasury states that it is legal for sellers of goods or services to accept bitcoin and use it as a payment method.

事实上，美国许多州并没有明确的法律禁止购买或销售比特币。加州就是一个很好的例子，在那里比特币的地位还没有确定，因此也没有受到监管。这种提供的灵活性吸引了该州的加密交易所和其他企业。

In fact, many states in the United States do not have a clear law prohibiting the purchase or sale of Bitcoin. California is a good example where the status of Bitcoin has not been determined and therefore is not regulated. This flexibility has attracted the State’s encrypted exchange and other businesses.

得克萨斯州是第一个发布的州，宣布出售比特币或其他数字货币不需要货币传送器许可证。(该州还差点通过了一项法案，禁止身份不明的各方使用加密货币。)在科罗拉多州，2019年通过的立法在某些情况下免除了加密货币经纪交易商的州许可要求。

Texas is the first state to issue a currency transmitter licence to sell bitcoin or other digital currency. (The state also almost passed a bill prohibiting the use of encrypted currency by unidentified parties.) In Colorado, legislation passed in 2019 exempts crypto-money brokers from state licensing requirements in certain cases.

但是，包括纽约，新罕布什尔州，新墨西哥州，佛罗里达州和康涅狄格州在内的一些州对比特币更怀有敌意，要求加密货币运营商提供货币交易商许可证。但是，在2020年9月，有48个州同意遵循一套许可规则。这意味着已经在一个州作为货币转账人工作的公司会自动成为另一参与州的许可证的获得者。

However, some states, including New York, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Florida, and Connecticut, are even more hostile, requiring an encrypted currency operator to provide a currency dealer’s licence. But, in September 2020, 48 states agreed to follow a set of licensing rules.

Q2 : 在美国经营比特币ATM是否合法？
同样，各州对比特币ATM的法律有所不同。例如，纽约要求通过比特币许可证(BitLicense)虚拟货币金融中介机构。其他人则裁定，转账行为不会影响加密货币，有些则具有更细微的策略。例如，在德克萨斯州，仅当ATM连接到购买了比特币的加密货币交易所时，才需要许可证。

Q2: Is it legal to operate Bitcoin ATM in the United States?
similarly, the laws of the states differ in Bitcoin ATM. New York, for example, requires the adoption of a BitLicense Virtual Monetary Financial Intermediary. Others have ruled that transfers do not affect encrypted money, and some have a more subtle strategy. In Texas, for example, licences are required only when ATM is connected to an encrypted currency exchange that buys bitcoin.

国家指导方针在不断变化。例如，去年，内华达州公布了对加密ATM拥有者的新要求，迫使他们获得传输许可证。
National guidelines for are changing. , for example, last year, Nevada published new requirements for encrypted ATM owners, forcing them to obtain transmission permits.

Q3 : 在美国推广比特币合法吗？
如果该活动被解释为“加注和转储”计划，则推广加密货币市场可能是非法的。CFTC将其定义为通过协调努力创造虚假需求(加注)，然后通过利用不了解该计划的交易员迅速出售(转储)来获利。
Q3: Is it legal to promote bitcoin in the United States?
may be illegal to promote an encrypted currency market if the activity is interpreted as a “increment and dump” scheme. CFTC defines it as creating false demand (notes) through concerted efforts and then profiting by using traders who do not know the scheme to sell (distribute) quickly.

去中心化金融初创公司Compound的律师兼总顾问Jake Chervinsky最近警告说，加密货币的此类活动与股票的风险一样大。
Jake Chervinsky, a lawyer and general adviser to Compound, a financial start-up firm, recently warned that such activities in encrypted currency were as risky as stocks.

总部位于纽约的莫里森·科恩（Morrison Cohen）律师事务所合伙人杰森·戈特利布（Jason Gottlieb）表示，内幕交易也是如此，SEC或CFTC可能会寻求加密交易者提供小费或小费行径。
Jason Gottlieb, a partner in Morrison Cohen's law firm based in New York, stated that the same was true of insider transactions and that SEC or CFTC might seek tips or tips from encrypted traders.

Q4 : 在美国挖矿比特币合法吗？
一言以蔽之。在美国挖矿比特币完全合法。
Q4: Is it legal to dig bitcoin in the United States?
>. The mining of bitcoin in the United States is perfectly legal.

Q5 : 在美国用比特币赌博合法吗？
同样，在大多数州，当前的法律框架几乎没有提供有关使用比特币在在线娱乐场赌博的明确指导方针——其中许多现在接受了比特币。
Q5: Is it legal to gamble with bitcoin in the United States?
Similarly, in most states, the current legal framework provides little clear guidance on the use of bitcoin to gamble in online casinos — many of which now accept bitcoin.

因此，在那些接受比特币的赌场中，用比特币投注是完全合法的，彩票也是如此，在彩票中可以用比特币购买彩票。
Thus, in those casinos that accept Bitcoin,
Q6 : 在美国用比特币交易合法吗？
关于“交易”的构成有各种定义，因此这里的答案很复杂。而且，由于没有统一的法律来管理加密货币，因此通常取决于是否需要货币兑换商许可证的各个州。
Q6: Is it legal to trade in bitcoin in the United States?
has various definitions of the composition of “transactions” and the answer is therefore complicated here. And, in the absence of a uniform law regulating encrypted currencies, usually depends on the states that require a currency changer's license.

例如，宾夕法尼亚州于2019年1月在虚拟货币交易平台上发布了指南。国家澄清说，根据州法律，一般来说，它们不是货币传输者。联邦法律对此作了一些澄清。它将一项业务定义为货币服务业务，如果该业务与一个人在一项或多项交易中进行超过1000美元的业务，涉及任何类的转账服务，如货币交易或兑换。在这种情况下，需要一个许可证。
The State of Pennsylvania, for example, issued a guide on the Virtual Currency Exchange Platform in January 2019. The State clarified that, under state law, they are generally not money transmitters. The federal law provides some clarification. It defines a business as a money service operation involving any type of transfer service, such as currency transactions or conversions, if the business is doing more than $1,000 in one or more transactions with a person. In this case, a licence is required.

Q7 : 关于比特币是否合法？美国与世界其他地区相比
美国被认为是加密货币监管问题上的领先国家之一，因此它为世界上大部分地区奠定了步伐。
Q7: Is Bitcoin legal? The United States is considered to be one of the leading countries in the regulation of cryptographic money compared to the rest of the world, thus setting the pace for most parts of the world.

但是，它的邻国加拿大在2014年是率先制定涵盖比特币的法律的国家之一。在加拿大，加密货币不是法定货币，数字货币交易商受到监管并获得货币服务业务的许可。
However, its neighbor, Canada, was one of the first countries to enact legislation covering Bitcoin in 2014. In Canada, encrypted currency is not a legal currency, and digital money traders are regulated and licensed to do money services.

迄今为止，日本是唯一宣布比特币为法定货币的国家。但是那里的当局最近打击了加密货币交易所，要求它们采取更好的安全措施。
To date, Japan is the only country to have declared Bitcoin a legal currency. But the authorities there recently attacked the encrypted currency exchange and asked them to take better security measures.

大多数国家仍在辩论比特币的地位。例如，英国似乎并不急于进行监管，而俄罗斯尚未发布其关于加密货币的法律草案。一些国家，例如印度，玻利维亚和厄瓜多尔，已经完全禁止比特币。在2018年，中国将比特币仅限于私人使用，禁止所有金融机构处理数字货币交易。
Most countries are still debating the status of Bitcoin. For example, the United Kingdom does not seem to be in a hurry to regulate, while Russia has yet to issue its draft law on encrypted currency.

Q8 : 比特币在美国的未来法律地位
2020年10月，美国总检察长发布了“加密货币执行框架”，该框架指出，比特币等加密货币对美国及其盟国“至关重要”，只要它“不会危害”公共安全即可。它还指出，私营行业，监管机构和民选官员将“需要采取措施，确保不会将加密货币用作非法平台。” 这些步骤到底是什么还不清楚。尽管如此，该报告突出了加密货币的“变革潜力”这一事止实表明，彻底禁比特币的做法已成定局。
Q8: In October 2020, Bitcoin's future legal status in the United States
, the US Attorney General issued an “encrypted currency enforcement framework”, which states that encrypted currencies such as bitcoin are “essential” to the United States and its allies, provided that it “does not jeopardize” public safety. It also notes that private industry, regulators and elected officials “need to take measures to ensure that encrypted currencies are not used as illegal platforms.” It is unclear what these steps are. Nevertheless, the report highlights the “change potential” of encrypted currencies, which suggests that a complete ban on bitcoins has come to an end.

该评估似乎得到了美国货币首席审计官布莱恩·布鲁克斯（Brian Brooks）的支持。布鲁克斯在2020年12月的CNBC广播节目中说，他的职责包括监管联邦银行业务。他说，美国监管机构没有计划禁止比特币。布鲁克斯还承诺在唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）任期届满之前“对加密货币来说是个好消息”。
The assessment appears to have the support of the United States Currency Chief Auditor, Brian Brooks. In December 2020, in a CNNBC radio programme, Brooks said that his duties included supervising federal banking. said that US regulators had no plans to ban Bitcoin. Brooks also promised “good news for encrypted money” before Donald Trump ended his term of office.

这种对比特币友好的方法是否会延续到乔·拜登的总统职位中，尚待商榷。当然，在拜登政府中，比特币有一位倡导者。他的金融政策过渡团队由前CFTC主席加里·根斯勒（Gary Gensler）领导，他此前曾在麻省理工学院教授有关在金融领域使用比特币和区块链的课程，并在2018年国会听证会上将比特币描述为“现代形式的数字黄金” 。
Whether this bitcoin-friendly approach will be extended to Joe Biden's presidency remains to be debated. Of course, Bitcoin has an advocate in the Biden government. His Financial Policy Transition Team, led by former CFTC President Gary Gensler, previously taught about the use of bitcoin and at the MIT hearing in 2018, described Bitcoin as “digital gold in modern form”.

同年，Gensler在接受《纽约时报》采访时强调，比特币应继续不受证券法规的约束，同时认为有一个“强有力的案例”表明Ripple和 ETHereum是不合规证券。在2019年12月Coindesk的专栏文章中，Gensler将比特币描述为“变革的催化剂”，尽管他还强调说，加密市场一直“充斥着骗局，欺诈，黑客和操纵手段”。
In the same year, Gensler, in an interview with the New York Times, stressed that Bitcoin should remain exempt from securities regulations, while arguing that there was a “strong case” that Ripple and ETHereum was not compliant with securities. In a column article in Coindisk in December 2019, Gensler described Bitcon as “a catalyst for change”, although he also stressed that the encrypted market had been “filled with fraud, hacking and manipulation”.

CFTC于2020年7月表示，其目标是在2020-2024年战略计划中“建立整体框架，促进负责任的数字资产创新” 。 该计划承认，衍生品市场多年来经历了重大的数字化转，从而为交易者带来了许多新的机遇和风险。
In July 2020, CFC stated that its goal was to “establish a holistic framework for responsible digital asset innovation” in the 2020-2024 strategic plan. recognizes that derivatives markets have undergone significant digital transformations over the years, thus creating many new opportunities and risks for traders.

CFTC最近还发挥了调节作用。它在2020年10月对BitMEX交易所的所有者提出了执法行动，要求其运营未注册的交易平台，以及其他指控。一些业内人士认为，这是积极的举措，是在进一步监管创新发生之前必须采取的必要步骤，例如批准比特币ETF。
CFTC has also recently played a regulatory role. In October 2020, it initiated enforcement action against the owners of the BitMEX Exchange to operate unregistered trading platforms, as well as other charges.

“我的猜测是，除非进行了这些调查，否则法律方面不会有任何改变，前提是现有的法律框架足以对目前的领域进行适当的监管，”大学知识产权法高级讲师安德列斯·瓜达穆兹（Andres Guadamuz）英国萨塞克斯郡（Sussex）说道。但是，不管围绕比特币的法律存在不确定性，许多爱好者都会告诉您，无论谁说您不能使用比特币，它的去中心化本质确保了没有人能真正阻止你。
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“My guess is that there will be no change in the law unless these investigations are carried out, provided that the existing legal framework is sufficient to properly regulate the current area.” Andres Guadamuz in Sussex, England. But, regardless of the uncertainty surrounding the law around Bitcoin, many fans will tell you that whoever says you can't use Bitcoin, the central nature of ensures that no one can really stop you. downloads this station and continues to read more: https://www.sob.com/app

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更新时间：2020年12月31日
Update: 31 December 2020
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