近日，首个区块链技术领域国家标准发布。区块链在防伪溯源、供应链管理、司法存证、政务数据共享、民生服务等场景中正广泛应用。专家认为，相关利好政策落地，给区块链应用带来更多发展机遇。
In recent days, national standards in the technical area of the first block chain have been published. The block chain is being used extensively in such contexts as protection against fraudulent traceability, supply chain management, judicial documentation, sharing of government data, and human services.
农产品“全链条追溯”
Agricultural products “whole chain retroactive”
在山东省潍坊市坊安街道洼里村玉泉洼种植专业合作社的韭菜种植基地里，传感器布满田边地角，摄像头24小时不间断运转，将菜地数据实时传输“上链”。据介绍，“区块链+韭菜”是潍坊市和农业农村部信息中心、中国电信集团有限公司探索的创新应用，由于区块链具有不可篡改、不可伪造等特点，蔬菜生产、采摘、物流、销售的每一步操作数据都留存在区块链平台上，全过程可追溯。
In the gardening base of the professional cooperative of Yu Qui Quan, a village of Yu Qui, in the village of Yuli, in the province of Kano, Kano, the province of Shandong, the sensors are all over the corner of the field, the cameras are running 24 hours a day, and the vegetable data are transmitted in real time to the “uplinks.” According to the report, the “block chain plus the vegetable” is an innovative application that has been explored by the Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the China Telecommunications Group Ltd., the entire process is traceable due to the inexorable and non-falseable characteristics of the block chain, and every step of the operation data for the production, harvesting, logistics and sale of vegetables is retained on the block platform.
区块链技术的应用也给安徽砀山梨等特色农产品加了一道质量“安全锁”。据悉，电商打开了砀山梨的销路，但由于土特产品不好辨识具体产地，假冒安徽砀山梨的现象时有发生。区块链技术为这一问题提出解决方案，让每只梨都具备了特殊的“电子身份证”，从生长到加工、包装、运输、配送的全链条信息均可追溯，让消费者买得更放心。
The application of block chain technology has also added a quality “safe lock” to special agricultural products such as An Xi Xiao Pei. It has been reported that the electrician has opened up the sale of pear, but there have been cases of counterfeiting of pear because of the difficulty of identifying the specific origin of such products. Block chain technology offers solutions to this problem by providing each pear with a special “electronic identity card” that can be traced back to the full chain information that grows, processes, packs, transports, and distributes.
区块链技术赋能现代农业已成潮流，原因在于区块链技术具有的独特优势：“不可篡改”解决了社会信用中的存证难题，“分布式”解决了信息共享问题，“共识机制”解决了信息不对称的障碍。中国科学院大学应急管理科学与工程学院院长李颖表示，区块链技术的出现和应用范围的快速扩展，提升了数字经济赋能传统产业的效率。
The technological empowerment of block chains in modern agriculture is already on the rise because of the unique advantages of block chain technology: “No tampering” that solves the problem of documentation in social credit, “distribution” that solves the problem of information sharing, and “consensus mechanisms” that resolve the barriers to information asymmetry. The Director of the College of Emergency Management Science and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Li Ying, said that the rapid expansion of block chain technology and its application had enhanced the efficiency of traditional industries that gave the digital economy access.
市民办事“最多跑一次”
It's a citizen's job to run at most once.
区块链技术已经在政务领域深度应用。在深圳，居民身份证等24类常用电子证照和100多项高频政务服务事项已经整合到统一的区块链电子证照应用平台。北京超百个政务服务使用区块链，让市民的跑动次数从以前的五六次减少到“最多跑一次”。
In Shenzhen, 24 types of electronic certificates, such as resident identification cards, and more than 100 high-frequency government services, have been integrated into a unified block chain electronic licensing application platform. More than 100 government services in Beijing use block chains, reducing the number of people running from the previous five or six to “up to one run”.
区块链赋能政务，依靠共享能力解决了政府部门之间数据共享难的问题，让老百姓成为直接受益人。北京的张女士最近在办理不动产登记，“从前办理该业务至少5天，还得提供大量的纸质材料，现在只需一次到场办理即可”。这背后离不开北京市政务目录区块链的支撑，通过“链”上实时调用公安、民政等多个部门的户籍人口、社会组织等数据，实现“减流程、减时间”，让百姓更省心。
In Beijing, Ms. Zhang recently registered for real estate, “with at least five days to run the business, a large amount of paper material has to be supplied, and now only needs to be made available at once.” Behind this, the chain of blocks in the Beijing municipal catalogue is underpinned by a “chain” of real-time data on the household population and social organizations in various sectors, such as public security, civil affairs, etc.
雄安新区产业互联网平台是国内首个基于区块链技术的产业平台，采用多种加密手段保护数据安全隐私，为落户雄安的企业建立“企业数据账户”，成为“智慧雄安”的一项亮点工程。
The Yuan New Zone Industry Internet platform, the country's first block-chain-based industrial platform, uses a variety of encryption to protect data security privacy and creates “business data accounts” for home-based enterprises, becoming a bright spot project.
“标准化”破解难题
“Standardized” crack puzzle
中国信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所所长何宝宏认为，随着区块链性能、规模、安全性的提升，其应用场景不断扩展。无论是商品溯源、司法存证、政务、金融、社会公益，还是工业管理、能源电力、数据交易、公共资源交易、医疗健康等，业界正加速推动区块链的落地使用。
China’s Institute of Information and Communications Research’s Institute of Cloud Computation and Big Data, Ho Bao-Hung, argues that its applications are expanding as the sector’s chain becomes more functional, larger, and more secure. Whether it be commodity traceability, judicial evidence, government, finance, social goods, or industrial management, energy power, data trading, public resource transactions, health care, etc., industry is accelerating the use of the block chain.
目前区块链应用落地仍面临一些问题。人民网研究院日前发布的《中国移动互联网发展报告(2023)》显示，近年来，中国区块链产业已进入成熟期，区块链产业链结构较完善，已形成一批成熟度和竞争力较高的区块链企业。但在应用生态扩大和应用标准体系化等方面还面临挑战，应结合市场需求，培育优质产品和服务，加快应用技术升级。
China’s mobile Internet development report (2023), recently published by the People’s Research Institute, shows that in recent years, China’s block chain industry has reached maturity, with a better structure and a more mature and competitive number of block chain enterprises. But there are challenges in applying eco-extension and institutionalizing the application of standards, combining market demand with quality products and services, and accelerating the upgrading of application technologies.
为加快区块链标准化进程，《区块链和分布式记账技术 参考架构》国家标准近日正式发布，这是中国首个获批发布的区块链技术领域国家标准。专家认为，该标准是指导中国区块链技术应用和产业发展的基础性、通用性标准，规范了区块链系统的功能架构、关键要素等，为区块链产业高质量发展奠定了基础。工信部相关负责人表示，下一步将在全国范围内开展标准宣贯行动，强化标准应用深度，不断提升区块链产业服务水平。
In order to speed up the process of standardization of the block chain, the National Standard on Block Chains and Distributed Accounting Technical Reference Frame, the first approved Chinese national standard in the area of block chain technology, has been officially published in recent days. In the view of the experts, the standard is the basic, generic standard that guides the technical application and industrial development of the block chain in China and regulates the functional structure, key elements, etc. of the block chain system, laying the foundation for the high-quality development of the block chain industry.
专家认为，随着政策的大力扶持、技术的不断优化、应用的持续拓展和治理的逐渐完善，区块链将进一步助推数字经济和实体经济的发展。
Experts believe that, with strong policy support, continued technological optimization, sustained outreach and improved governance, the sector chains will further contribute to the development of the digital economy and the real economy.
武慧敏（来源：人民日报海外版）
Wu Huimin (source: People's Daily Overseas edition)
武慧敏
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