4.模拟实现比特币的思路

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1.极客 -> 黑市货币(暗网) -> 交易炒作 -> ICO圈钱 -> 私募圈钱 -> 矿场矿池 -> 应用开发

1. Polar - > Black Market Currency (undercover) - > Trade Fake - > ICO Circle Money - > Private Circle Money - > Mines Pool - > Applied Development

2.区块链2018年情况简介

2. Profile of the block chain in 2018

挖矿：算力猛增,门槛越来越高,依赖于人工智能挖矿

Mining: significant increase in arithmetic power, increasing thresholds and reliance on artificial intelligence for mining

炒币：国家禁止,二级市场赚钱难度迅速提升,是割韭菜还是被割?

Coin-firing: Is it a national ban and the second-tier market is becoming more difficult to earn money, cutting vegetables or being cut?

交易所：数量急剧膨胀, 国内不合法, 政策风险大

Exchanges: Explosion, domestic illegality, high policy risk

ICO：国内不合法,转型私募,投资逻辑变化,回归理性投资

ICO: Domestic illegality, transformational private fundraising, change in the logic of investment, return to rational investment

工具服务：机会多,门槛高, 辛苦钱

Tool services: opportunities, high thresholds, hard money

DApp：巨大蓝海,机会无限,需要理解区块链,经济系统,用户痛点,具备产品能力

Dapp: Large blue sea, endless opportunities, need to understand block chains, economic systems, user pains, product capabilities

3.区块链灰色功能

3. The grey function of the block chain

野火/ 资产转移/ 无国界贸易,抗击自裁/ 募集资金/ 博彩/ 避税/ 流量收割

Wildfires/ Asset Transfers/ Trading without Borders to Combat Self-Designation/Mobilization/ Gambling/ Tax Avoidance/ Flow Harvest

比特币发展故事
1.在比特币出来之前，技术极客和密码学界 就已经开始研究如何在网络上"花钱"的问题了

Before Bitcoin came out, technocrats and cryptography began to study how to "pay" online.

2.黑市发现比特币已经具备了货币属性，就在小圈子里使用起来

The black market has discovered that bitcoin already has currency properties and is used in circles.

3.2008年美国金融危机发生后，引发了非金融领域精英的抗争

3. The 2008 United States financial crisis triggered a struggle among non-financial elites

4.一些投机者、矿场主和金融机构，为了牟取暴利，开始炒作比特币

4. Some speculators, mine owners and financial institutions began to make bitcoin for profit.

5.现在已经基本在世界范围内认可，最少可以作为有价值的收藏品

5. It is now largely recognized worldwide, at least as a valuable collection.

中心化 与 去中心化

Centralization and decentralisation

中心化: 每家银行都有自己独立的账本（数据、数据结构都不一样），通过央行提供的系统对账

Centralization: Each bank has its own separate account book (data, data structure, etc.), which is reconciled through the system provided by the central bank.

去中心化:?每个节点都有一个相同的账本（数据、数据结构都一样），通过共识和算法维持一致

Decentralizing: Is there an identical account book for each node (data, data structure) that maintains consistency through consensus and algorithms?

什么是区块链?

区块链概念分两部分, 账本和分布式, 比特币的底层技术就是区块链

The block chain concept is divided into two parts, accountbooks and distribution, and the bottom technology of bitcoin is the block chain

区块链本质是一种存储数据的账本，使用 区块 记录数据，每个 区块 能存储一定数量的数据

The essence of a block chain is a book that stores data, uses blocks to record data, and each block can store a certain amount of data.

区块: 可以看做是一页账单，上面记录了若干条 交易数据

As you can see, it's a one-page bill that records a number of transactional data.

区块链:?可以看做是一个账本，里面按照顺序将若干个账单"装订"在一起

Block chain: Can you see that it's a book of accounts in which several bills are "set" together in order?

一个分布式数据库如果能做到 实时同步 和 数据校验 ，那它就是 区块链。

If a distributed database can be synchronized and verified in real time, it's a block chain.

区块链是一个去中心化的账本,?区块链会维护一个节点网络，每个节点都保存相同的账本(数据)，自带数据同步功能。

The block chain is a decentralised account book. The block chain maintains a network of nodes, each with the same account book (data) and its own data synchronisation function.

区块链基础结构

区块链是一串使用密码学方法相关联产生的数据块

Block chains are a series of data blocks that are associated with cryptography.

每一个区块: 工作量证明 + 本区块内容 + 上一个区块的Hash值 + 自身区块所有内容的Hash值

Each block: workload proof + content of this block + Hash value of the previous block + Hash value of all contents of your own block

区块链应用发展

区块链1.0

Block Chain 1.0

代表应用：比特币

Representative application: Bitcoin

数据结构：只能记账

Data structure: accounts only

开发语言：C++

Development language: C++

区块链 2.0

Block Chain 2.0

区块链2.0

Block Chain 2.0

代表应用：以太坊（智能合约）

Representative application: Etherwood (intellectual contract)

数据结构：整型、数组、map等

Data structure: integer, array, Map, etc.

开发语言：solidity

Development language: solidity

可以编写程序传入以太坊节点网络，并由以太坊网络执行并记录过程结果

Programs can be developed to feed into the Ethernode network and implemented by the Ethernom network and the results of the process can be recorded

区块链3.0

block chain 3.0

代表应用：hyperledger

Representative application: hyperledger

数据结构：任意数据结构

Data structure: any data structure

开发语言：nodejs、java、go、python 等

Develop languages: nodejs, java, go, python, etc.

特点：带授权的网络

Features: Networks with mandates

区块链技术生态图解

应用场景

适合场景:

Fit for scene:

1.金融服务：银行业、证券交易、众筹

1. Financial services: banking, securities transactions, public fund-raising

2.征信权属管理：征信管理、权属管理、音乐版权保护

2. Title administration: letter administration, tenure administration, music copyright protection

3.资源共享：共享单车、社会能源共享、电商平台、大数据共享、减少共享风险

3. Sharing of resources: sharing of bicycles, social energy sharing, power vendor platforms, big data sharing, reducing shared risk

4.贸易管理：跨境贸易结算、物流供应链、一带一路

4. Trade management: cross-border trade settlements, logistics supply chains, all the way

5.物联网：IBM、Finament、NeuroMesh(物联网疫苗)-360摄像头被黑客攻破、公共网络服务

5. Material networking: IBM, Finance, NeuroMesh (material network vaccine)-360 cameras hacked, public network services

6.其它场景：云存储、医疗、通讯软件、电子游戏、投票 ...

6. Other scenes: cloud storage, medical treatment, communications software, video games, voting...

不适合场景:

Unsuitable scene:

业务场景涉及机密数据 - 同步记账

Business scene involves classified data - synchronized bookkeeping

业务过程存储大量的静态数据，或者数据非常大 - 同步备份

Business processes store large amounts of static data, or very large data - synchronised backup

交易规则经常变化?

Business rules change a lot?

使用外部或者三方服务来收集/存储数据

Use external or tripartite services to collect/store data

按照访问权限分类

公有链：比特币、以太坊等

Public chains: Bitcoin, Etheria, etc.

私有链：企业内部使用

Private chain: use within the enterprise

联盟链：同行企业使用（如银行）

Alliance chains: use by peer enterprises (e.g. banks)

决策树:

Decision tree:

胖瘦协议

发布的胖协议

The fat deal issued by

1.区块链应用发的 "币" 其实是一种 "积分"，也叫做 "通证"

1. A block chain application of a "currency" is actually a "part," also called a "passport."

2. 基于区块链的新型模式属于，底层协议由币增值而体现价值，应用火爆会带动代币需求激增

2. A new model based on the block chain, where bottom agreements are valued by adding value to the currency, and the application of a fire will trigger a surge in demand for money.

如：加入比特币节点后，负责为比特币系统记账，可以获取比特币系统奖励的 "比特币"

For example, after joining the Bitcoin node, responsible for accounting for the bitcoin system, "bitcoin" is available for the bitcoin system reward.

3. 电子货币 与 交易所(国内禁止)

3. Electronic currency and exchange (domestic prohibition)

不发币的瘦协议

Thin agreement without currency

1. 基于传统tcp/ip的互联网模式属于，协议没利润，应用更体现价值? ?如：支付宝的蚂蚁区块链

1. The traditional tcp/ip-based Internet mode is, the protocol is unprofitable, the application is more valuable? e. g. the ant block chain for payment of treasures

a.区块大小上限1M
b.总计2100万枚， 2140年挖完
c.每10分钟出一个区块，通过难度值调整实现
d.21万个区块后奖励减半，大约四年，目前奖励12.5

a. Block size cap 1M
b. A total of 21 million units, completed digging
c. One block per 10 minutes in 2140, reduced by half
d210,000 blocks by difficulty adjustment, approximately four years and currently 12.5

a.是一个P2P软件，下载后安装在电脑中运行（迅雷、QQ），多个比特币软件组成比特币网络
b.比特币软件会按照规则给为它工作的人奖励一种特殊的积分 - "比特币"

a. A P2P software that is downloaded and installed on a computer (rapid, QQ), and several bitcoin software that consists of a bitcoin network
b. Bitcoin software will, in accordance with the rules, reward those who work for it with a special score - "bitcoin"

A.节点功能

A. Node function

1.运行比特币软件，自动加入比特币网络的计算机，就可以看做一个 比特币节点
2. 包含挖矿、记账、验证、同步、奖励等一系列数据功能，所有节点共同维护着 公共共享总账本
3. 如果只是想查看账本数据，可以直接通过网站查询：blockchain , 方便我们使用浏览器查看 比特币的账本数据

1. Runs the bitcoin software and automatically joins the Bitcoin network with a computer that can be seen as a bitcoin node
2. It contains a series of data features such as mining, bookkeeping, validation, synchronization, rewards, etc., all nodes together maintain a publicly shared master account book
3. If you just want to see the account book data, you can search it directly through the website: blockchain, which allows us to view the bitcoin book data using a browser.

B.钱包功能

B. Wallet function

1.钱包可以看做手机银行App，所有交易转账都是向 账本 添加数据，账本数据不能改
2.创建地址(账号)和密码
3.密码 只在转出帐时需要使用
4.根据 地址(账号) 去 区块链账本 中查询余额
5.使用 地址(账号) 转账和接受转账 ( 挖矿奖励、转账手续费、转入转出比特币 )

The wallet can be viewed as mobile bank App, all transactions are transferred by adding data to the account book, which cannot be changed to
2. Create address (account number) and password
3. The password only requires the use of
4. To search the balance of block chain accounts according to address (account number)
5. Use the address (account number). Transfer and receive the transfer (mining incentive, transaction fee, transfer out of bitcoin)

地址:
一个比特币钱包中包含一系列的密钥对，每个密钥对包括一个私钥和一个公钥。私钥（k）是一个数字，通常是随机选出的。有了私钥，我们就可以使用椭圆曲线算法这个单向加密函数产生一个公钥（K）。有了公钥（K），我们就可以使用一个单向加密哈希函数生成比特币地址（A）

Address: >br> A bitcoin wallet contains a series of key pairs, each of which includes a private key and a public key. Private key(k) is a number, usually randomly selected. With a private key, we can use the elliptical curve algorithm to generate a public key (K). With a public key, we can generate a bitcoin address (A) using a one-way encrypted Hashi function.

在比特币交易中，私钥用于生成支付比特币所必需的签名以证明资金的所有权

In bitcoin transactions, the private key is used to generate the signature necessary to pay bitcoin to prove ownership of the money

钱包:
1.如果只是想交易，不想挖矿和下载交易数据，也需要下载比特币软件吗？
比特币官方提供了钱包接口，可以开发 轻钱包软件，只进行交易，不做挖矿

Wallet: br>1. Do you also need to download bitcoin if you want to trade, not dig and download transaction data?
Bitcoin officially provides a wallet interface that allows the development of light wallet software, only deals, not digs.

2.比特币算力（n Hash值/秒） 、矿工、矿场、矿池
3.两个节点问题
? 节点之间怎么保证数据一致性
节点之间怎么快速验证账本数据

How do you ensure data consistency between the nodes of

对称加密

Symmetric encryption

1.使用 同一个密钥 进行 加密 和 解密，这种加密方法称为 对称加密，也称为 单密钥加密 ;
2.算法：DES、3DES、AES、TDEA、Blowfish、RC2、RC4、RC5、IDEA、SKIPJACK
3.特点:
? 加解密使用 相同 秘钥
? 高效，适用于大量数据的加密场景
? 算法公开，安全性取决于秘钥大小，但秘钥越大效率越低，需要权衡在安全和效率中做权衡?
4.缺点:
? 算法本身安全，但使用场景不够安全，因为解密和加密都是同一个秘钥

Encryption and decryption using the same key, which is called symmetric encryption, also known as single key encryption;
2. Algorithms: DES, 3DES, AES, TDEA, Blowfish, RC2, RC4, RC5, IDA, SKIPJACK
3. Characteristics:
? Completing encryption with the same key
? Efficient. Encryption for large amounts of data
? The algorithm is open. Security depends on the size of the secret key, but the less efficient the key is, the trade-off needs to be made between security and efficiency?
4.

非对称加密

Asymmetric encryption

1.使用 匹配的一对密钥 来分别进行加密和解密，这两个秘钥是公开密钥（public key，简称公钥）和私有密钥（private key，简称私钥）
2. 公钥加密的数据 只能 用 对应的私钥解密，同理，私钥加密的数据 只能用 对应的公钥解密;
3. 算法：
RSA、ECC、Elgamal、背包算法、Rabin、D-H 等
? RSA算法，网易公开课的介绍视频
? ESS算法，椭圆曲线算法（比特币，巧妙避开美国NSA后门，V神认为是巧合）

Data encrypted with a matching pair of keys, which are public keys (public key, public key) and private keys (private key, private key, private key)
2. Public key encryption data can only be decrypted with a corresponding private key, synonym, private key encryption data can only be decrypted with a corresponding public key; br>3. Algorithing:
RSA, ECC, Elgamal, backpack algorithms, Rabin, D-H, etc.
? RSA algorithms, introduction of video
ESS algorithms in Internet-friendly classes, elliptic curve algorithms (rather than a special currency, good circumvention from the US NSA backdoor, V considers it a coincidence)

1.工作量证明
2.多节点算出nounce
3.验证nounce
4.验证签名 : 使用非对称加密做签名, 信任最长链机制

Certificate of workload
2. Multipoints calculated nounce
3. Validation of signature 4. Signature: Asymmetric encryption for signature, trusting the maximum chain mechanism

1.记账
2.Hash校验
3.工作量证明pow
4.区块链
5.web接口
6.节点网络

Recording
2. Hash verifies the network of nodes
3. Workload certifications pow
4. Block chains
5.web interfaces
6.

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