摘要：本文是阿里研究院副院长安筱鹏、中信改革发展研究基金会办公室秘书王涵根据中信改革发展研究基金会召开的“数字时代元宇宙技术的演进与应用”研讨会发言内容进行编辑整理。
& nbsp; Abstract: This is Anjoo, Vice-President of the Ali Institute; Wang Chai, Secretary of the Sino-Sin Reform Development Research Foundation, based on the Sino-Sin Reform Development Research Foundation; evolution and application of meta-cosm technology in the digital age & & rdquo; and editing of the presentations of the seminar.
当前，数字技术是全球创新最活跃、竞争最激烈、影响最广泛的领域，元宇宙将带来新一轮信息技术革命的浪潮。许多国家围绕元宇宙的技术创新、产业发展、应用拓展的竞争愈演愈烈，新科技革命带给我们的既有机遇也有挑战，要深入探讨如何使用好“元宇宙”这把双刃剑。近期，中信改革发展研究基金会邀请相关领域多位专家，研讨“数字时代元宇宙技术的演进与应用”。
At present, digital technology is the most dynamic, competitive, and far-reaching area of global innovation, with a new wave of information technology revolutions taking place in the meta-cosm. In many countries, competition for technological innovation, industrial development, and extension of applications has intensified, with new technological revolutions giving us both opportunities and challenges to explore in depth how to use them & ldquo; the meta-cosmos & & rdquo; this double-edged sword.
一、元宇宙：是什么？为什么？
I. Yuan cosmos: What? Why? >/strang >
什么是元宇宙
What's a meta-cosmos?
元宇宙（Metaverse）起源于科幻小说。1992年，科幻作家尼尔·斯蒂芬森（Neal Stephenson）在小说《雪崩》（Snow Crash）提及了“Metaverse（元宇宙）”和“Avatar（化身）”这两个概念。在这部著作里，人们可以拥有自己的虚拟替身，而这个虚拟的世界就叫作“元宇宙”。此后，元宇宙的概念在《黑客帝国》《头号玩家》等影视作品及《模拟人生》《我的世界》《堡垒之夜》等游戏中都有呈现。
In 1992, the science fiction writer Neil & Middot; Neal Stephenson referred to & ldquo; Metaverse & & rdquo; and & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; in the novel & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; since then, the concept of meta cosmos has been reflected in videos such as The Black Empire, The Head Player, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ; & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ;, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
目前学术界和产业界对元宇宙没有统一规范的定义。多位专家对元宇宙的理解，概括为以下几种说法：
There is currently no uniform normative definition of metacosystems in academia and industry. The understanding of metacosystems by a number of experts is summarized in the following terms:
一是元宇宙是下一代互联网；二是元宇宙是人类生活在三维数字世界的重构。它结合了社交媒体、在线游戏、增强现实 (AR)、虚拟现实 (VR) 和加密货币的各个方面，允许用户进行虚拟交互，在数字世界重建人类的生活生产方式。这是一种相对狭义的理解和定义；三是元宇宙是物理世界和数字世界的虚实共生。
The first is that the meta-cosmos is the next generation of the Internet; the second is the re-establishment of the three-dimensional digital world in which humankind lives. It combines various aspects of social media, online games, the enhancement of reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and encrypted currency, allowing users to interact virtually to rebuild the way in which human life is produced in the digital world. This is a relatively narrow understanding and definition; the third is that the meta-cosmos is a virtual symbiotic of the physical and digital worlds.
阿里研究院副院长安筱鹏认为，数字世界与物理世界的虚实共生是业界关于元宇宙的最大公约数。数字技术最大的价值在于构建了一个数字空间。数字空间与物理空间存在四种关系：
The Vice-President of the Alith Institute, Ann, argued that the virtual symbiosis of the digital world with the physical world is the largest number of conventions on meta-cosmology in industry. The greatest value of digital technology lies in building a digital space. There are four relationships between digital space and physical space:
一是没有被数字化（比特化）的物理世界；二是数字游戏、数字货币是只存在于数字空间的虚拟事物，没有物理实体映射关系；三是数字博物馆、数字藏品等数字空间是对物理世界的单向映射；四是物理世界的体育场馆、炼钢高炉、人体心脏等，在数字空间有一个数字孪生体，可以实现数据的实时互动优化。
The first is the physical world that is not digitized (by bits); the second is the digital game, the digital currency is a virtual thing that exists only in digital space and there is no physical mapping; the third is the digital space of digital museums, digital collections, etc., is a one-way map of the physical world; the fourth is the physical world stadium, steel furnaces, human heart, etc., and there is a digital twin in digital space that optimizes the real-time interaction of data.
人们以各自不同视角理解元宇宙。但我们认为，目前业界对于元宇宙概念已经逐渐产生一定的共识，即元宇宙应包括物理世界和数字世界，是一个在现实世界基础上的持久稳定的实时虚拟空间，数字与物理世界将融合成为一个具有互操性的生态。它包括大量的用户和其他参与者和一个全面运作的经济系统，全面且丰富的数字内容，甚至是一个虚拟数字世界。
But we believe that there is now some emerging consensus in industry about the concept of meta-cosmos, which should include the physical world and the digital world, a real-time virtual space of lasting stability based on the real world, where the digital and physical world will be integrated into an interoperable ecology. It includes a large number of users and other players and a fully functioning economic system, with comprehensive and rich digital content, and even a virtual digital world.
元宇宙的技术体系
Technology systems of the meta-cosmos
元宇宙是多种技术的集成。
The meta-cosmos is the integration of a variety of technologies.
一是人机交互技术。这是元宇宙最核心的关键技术之一，主要包括VR虚拟现实技术、AR增强现实技术、MR混合现实技术、全息影像技术、脑机交互技术和体感技术，为元宇宙用户提供了虚拟沉浸现实的体验阶梯，不断深化感知交互。
One is the human interactive technology. This is one of the most central technologies in the meta-cosm, which consists mainly of VR virtual reality technology, AR enhancement reality technology, MR hybrid reality technology, holographic image technology, brain machine interaction technology and body-sense technology, which provides virtual immersion ladders for users of the meta-cosm, which are deepening the perception interaction.
二是区块链和NFT（数字凭证）技术。区块链技术和NFT（数字凭证）技术是元宇宙经济体系的重要支撑。区块链将会扮演虚拟世界和现实世界的桥梁，提供去中心化的清结算平台和价值传递机制。NFT通证清晰地表明了每一件虚拟物品的所有权，其最大特点在于唯一性，是一种不可分割且独一无二的数字凭证。NFT能够映射到特定资产（包括数字资产如游戏皮肤、装备、虚拟地块等，甚至实体资产）。
Second is the block chain and NFT (digital voucher) technology. Block chain technology and NFT (digital voucher) technology are important underpinnings of the meta-cosm economic system. The block chain will act as a bridge between the virtual world and the real world, providing decentralised clearing platforms and value transfer mechanisms. The NFT certificate clearly demonstrates the ownership of each virtual item, with its greatest characteristic being uniqueness, an indivisible and unique digital voucher. NFT can map specific assets (including digital assets such as game skin, equipment, virtual plots, and even physical assets).
三是人工智能技术，为元宇宙大量的应用场景提供技术保障。
The third is artificial intelligence technology, which provides technical security for a large number of applications in the meta-cosmos.
四是云计算及网络技术。数字空间的价值在于与物理空间交互的实时性，它对通信和计算能力提出了更高的要求。。
The fourth is cloud computing and network technology. The value of digital space lies in the real-time nature of interaction with physical space, which places higher demands on communication and computing capabilities.
五是物联网技术。为元宇宙万物链接及虚实共生提供可靠的技术保障。
The fifth is the technology of object networking. It provides reliable technical security for meta-cosmosis and virtual symbiotic symbiosis.
六是数字孪生技术。将物理世界在数字世界重建需要各种软件工具和开发平台，包括3D建模、仿真优化、实时渲染等技术。
Six are digital twin technologies. Rebuilding the physical world in a digital world requires a variety of software tools and platforms, including technology such as 3D modelling, simulation optimization, real-time rendering, etc.
二、元宇宙技术、产业的全球竞争格局
Global competition patterns in meta-cosm technologies, industries
美国：元宇宙技术、产业、应用的领导者
U.S.: Leader of Geocosm Technology, Industry, Application
元宇宙的发展基于多个数字技术集成，在涉及元宇宙的多个技术、产业和应用方面，美国借助全球数字科技巨头全面发力和众多科技创新的小企业崛起，成为全球元宇宙的绝对领导者。
The development of the metacosystem is based on the integration of multiple digital technologies, and the United States has emerged as the absolute leader of the global metacosystem with the full power of the global digital technology giant and the rise of small businesses with numerous scientific and technological innovations.
人机交互技术及产品创新：
People-to-people interactive technologies and product innovations:
前端硬件层，微软在AR硬件市场份额全球领先，核心硬件产品HoloLens 已更新至第二代，与微软 Azure、Dynamics 365等远程方案结合使用。
The front-end hardware layer, where Microsoft is a global leader in the AR hardware market share, and the core hardware product HoloLens, which has been updated to the second generation, is used in conjunction with remote programmes such as Microsoft Azure, Dynamics 365.
Facebook具有大量的虚拟现实核心专利技术，旗下VR龙头Oculus成为史上第一款超千万销量的VR设备。苹果先后布局ARKit和AppClip，目前拥有“全球最大的AR平台，拥有数亿台支持AR的设备，以及AppStore上的数千个AR应用程序”。
Facebook has a vast amount of virtual reality core patent technology, and VR leader Oculus has become the first VR device in history to sell more than a million copies. Apples are available in Arkit and AppClip, with & ldquo; the world’s largest AR platform, with hundreds of millions of AR support devices, and thousands of AR applications on AppStore & & rdquo.
马斯克旗下公司Neuralink致力于开发脑机接口，在人脑/动物脑与外部设备之间建立信息交换和连接通路。
Neuralink, a company owned by Mask, works to develop brain interfaces and to establish information exchange and connectivity between the human/animal brain and external equipment.
底层芯片技术及创新生态：
Bottom chip technology and innovation ecology:
在后端基建层，英伟达作为全球GPU（图像处理技术）领进厂商，基于GPU构建了软硬件一体技术生态，成为全球首个面向元宇宙的基础模拟和协作平台。发布元宇宙开发工具Omniverse Avatar，为工业、建筑、生物、游戏等3D数字空间的建筑提供低门槛、高效率的创新开发平台。
On the back end of the infrastructure, Weida, as the global lead manufacturer of GPU (image-processing technology), built a software and hardware-based integrated technology ecology based on GPU, becoming the world’s first basic simulation and collaboration platform for the meta-cosm. Launching a meta-cosm development tool, Omniverse Avatar, provides a low-threshold, efficient and innovative development platform for buildings in 3D digital spaces, such as industry, architecture, biology, games, etc.
微软聚焦“企业元宇宙”，开发企业级公有云平台Azure云服务，提供数据库、云服务、云存储、人工智能互联网、CDN等高效、稳定、可扩展的云端服务，为企业提供一站式解决方案。
Microsoft Focus & & ldquao; Enterprise Centauri & & rdquao; Development of corporate-level public cloud platform Azure Cloud Service, which provides efficient, stable and scalable cloud services such as databases, cloud services, cloud storage, artificial intelligence Internet, CDN, and one-stop solutions for enterprises.
Facebook相继收购3D建模公司、游戏开发引擎、计算机视觉公司和面部识别公司等，全方位布局元宇宙生态。
Facebook has successively acquired 3D modelling companies, game development engines, computer visuals companies and facial recognition companies, etc., with a full-scale layout of the meta-cosm ecology.
三维数字空间社交：
Three-dimensional digital space socialization:
社交办公方面，微软在现有的Team功能（线上会议）上，加入Mesh混合现实的功能，允许不同地理位置的人加入协作办公和共享全息体验，人们可以在其中加入虚拟会议、发送共享文档等，允许人们使用个性化的3D头像，体验一个沉浸式的空间。
In terms of social office, Microsoft has added to the existing Team function (on-line meetings) the Mesh hybrid reality function, allowing people from different geographical locations to join collaborative offices and share holologue experiences, allowing people to join virtual meetings, send shared files, etc., and allow people to experience a immersed space using personalized 3D images.
Facebook推出远程办公应用程序Horizon，利用VR 设备实现了人们在虚拟现实中进行会议。
Facebook launched the remote office application Horizon, using VR devices to achieve that people meet in virtual reality.
三维数字游戏发展：
Three-dimensional digital game development:
Roblox是3D游戏创作和大型社区的互动平台，平台游戏支持VR设备，通过数字身份进行社交，甚至平台上获得的货币可以与真实货币转换。
Roblox is an interactive platform for the creation of 3D games and large communities. Platform games support VR devices, socialization through digital identities, and even money acquired on platforms can be converted to real money.
微软是全球三大游戏机制造商之一，旗下Xbox推出《光晕》《我的世界》《模拟飞行》等元宇宙概念游戏。Facebook提供了Oculus Quest Store作为VR游戏软件开发者平台。
Microsoft is one of the world’s three major gamemakers, and Xbox has launched a meta-cosm concept game, such as " My World ", " mock flight ". Facebook provides Oculus Quest Store as a VR game developer platform.
数字教育创新：
Innovations in digital education:
高通赞助美国莫尔豪斯学院开设VR校园以提供线上VR课程，为学生提供身临其境的VR学习体验。在生物学课程中，展开人的心脏并步入其中；在历史课上，能够在战场上行走，从“上帝”视角看待历史，身临其境地了解历史人物的观点；科学课上，学生们能够亲眼目睹周围旋转的原子。
Hightower sponsored a VR campus at Morhouse College in the United States to provide online VR learning experiences for students. In biology courses, human hearts are developed and moved in; in history classes, people are able to walk on the battlefield from “ God & & rdquo; in history, in their own condition, to understand the views of historical figures; and in science classes, students are able to witness the rotational atoms around them.
韩国：危机意识驱动的激进跟随者
Korea: Crisis-driven radical followers
韩国是对元宇宙推动最为激进的国家之一，已从国家层面开始对元宇宙产业进行规划，在MSIT的领导下，韩国组建了一支超过200家公司参与的Metaverse联盟，目标是到2026年实现元宇宙全球市场占有率第五，首尔将打造虚拟市政厅，试图成为全球首个加入元宇宙的城市。
South Korea is one of the most radical contributors to the Woncosm, planning for the Woncosm industry has begun at the national level and, under the leadership of MSIT, it has formed a Metaverse coalition involving more than 200 companies, with the goal of achieving the fifth global market share of the Woncosmos by 2026, and Seoul will build a virtual city hall that will try to become the first city to join the Woncos.
三、元宇宙发展面临的机遇与挑战
III. Opportunities and challenges for the development of the metaspace
元宇宙是产业升级和创新的历史性机遇。
The metaspace is a historic opportunity for industrial upgrading and innovation.
新应用将催生新产品和新业态：
New applications will give rise to new products and practices:
虚拟人是元宇宙的基础生命形态, 在元宇宙中与人、地点、事件进行实时交互，完成消费、社交、娱乐等行为。目前虚拟人已经进入到部分实际场景应用中，如虚拟偶像、数字主播以及虚拟主持人等发展迅速。
Virtuals are the basic life form of the meta-cosmos, interacting in real time with people, places, events, and performing consumer, social, entertainment, etc. Virtuals are now in some practical applications, such as virtual icons, digital anchors, and virtual hosts.
在医疗健康领域，医生可以在复杂手术前利用VR技术，真实地、全方位地模拟手术中的潜在困难，也可进行远程治疗，合理化分配医疗资源；通过Al、大数据等技术缩短新药研发周期，降本增效。
In the area of medical health, doctors can use VR techniques before complex operations to simulate the potential difficulties of the operation in a real and comprehensive manner, and can also undertake teletherapy and rationalize the allocation of medical resources; and reduce efficiency gains by shortening the research and development cycle for new medicines through technologies such as Al, Big Data, etc.
在医疗教学上，沉浸式VR模拟培训可以培养护士和医疗保健工作者临床推理和协作。
In medical instruction, immersion VR simulation training can foster clinical reasoning and collaboration among nurses and health-care workers.
数字藏品/NFT发展迅速，具有一定经济价值，2021年国外的NFT交易总额超过了400亿元美金。梵蒂冈将开设一个官方虚拟现实NFT画廊，以便世界各地观众可以查看其收藏的艺术品、手稿和其他物品，梵蒂冈将把一部分收藏品转换为NFT。
Digital collections/NFTs are growing rapidly and have a certain economic value, with foreign NFT transactions totalling more than $40 billion in 2021. The Vatican will open an official virtual reality NFT gallery to allow viewers around the world to view their collections of art, manuscripts, and other items, and the Vatican will convert a portion of its collections to NFT.
元宇宙也可为虚拟战争服务，在现有兵推软件的技术上，基于元宇宙的无限资源、MR的先进技术、数字模拟等应用，让参与者身临其境参与战争过程。
The meta-cosm could also serve virtual warfare by involving participants in the war process in the technology of existing military push software, based on the infinite resources of the meta-cosmos, the advanced technology of MR, digital simulations, etc.
工业元宇宙是传统工业升级的新引擎：
The industrial universe is a new engine for traditional industrial upgrading:
珠海市横琴新区数链数字金融研究院学术与技术委员会主席、经济学教授朱嘉明认为，在产业领域工业元宇宙改变了传统的制造业范式，利用各项技术的集合，保证元宇宙可以和物质世界维持着精准的、动态的、全方位的互动关系。
The Chairman of the Academic and Technical Council of the New Area Digital Finance Institute of the Joohai City Yokohama, Professor of Economics, argued that the industrial meta-cosm had changed the traditional manufacturing paradigm, using a pool of technologies to ensure that the meta-cosm could maintain a precise, dynamic and all-round interaction with the physical world.
风险与挑战
Risks and challenges
元宇宙存在的风险与挑战不容忽视。
The risks and challenges that exist in the meta-cosmos cannot be ignored.
国家安全层面。先发国家拥有技术和标准垄断优势，滞后国家对领先国家会形成技术和标准依赖，并在元宇宙可能催生的新的国际产业分工体系中处于不利地位，同时，滞后国家在寻求接入领先国家的元宇宙时可能面临歧视性的门槛和要求。
National security dimensions. Pre-developing countries have a technological and standard monopoly, with countries lagging behind becoming dependent on the leading countries for technology and standards and disadvantaged in the new international industrial division of labour that the meta-cosm may generate, while countries lagging behind may face discriminatory thresholds and requirements in seeking access to the meta-cosmies of the leading countries.
社会治理层面。在元宇宙大融合下，虚拟世界将打破国家边界，全球互联互通将更加紧密，从社会意识形态、消费习惯，到审美喜好，全球将进一步同质化，对国家政治文化安全产生潜在的不利影响。同时，高度去中心化的运行机制，也将给国家社会治理带来挑战。
With the confluence of the meta-cosmos, the virtual world will break national boundaries, global connectivity will become closer, from social ideology to consumption habits to aesthetic preferences, and the global homogenization will have a potentially negative impact on the country’s political and cultural security. At the same time, a highly decentralized operating mechanism will pose a challenge to national social governance.
经济风险层面。元宇宙的经济体系和货币体系与现实经济联动，可能存在经济秩序不稳定而引发金融风险的问题。
The economic risk dimension. The economic system of the meta-cosmos and the monetary system are linked to the real economy, and there may be financial risks arising from the instability of the economic order.
产业风险层面。由于核心技术缺失，产业发展路径背离实体经济需求。一方面产业链不完备易造成产业风险，对浅层技术簇拥，而对深层核心技术挖掘程度不够，带来产业风险，形成产业泡沫，导致“卡脖子”技术问题产生。另一方面企业扎堆涌入元宇宙领域，纷纷包装成元宇宙企业，元宇宙产业存在诸多风险和不确定性，过度迎合概念热潮可能产生偏离原有技术发展路径的行为，对产业格局和企业发展带来挑战。
Industry risk dimensions. Industry development paths deviate from real economic needs due to the lack of core technology. On the one hand, incomplete industrial chains can easily create industrial risks, crowding in shallow technologies, and on the other hand, inadequate excavation of deep core technologies, leading to industrial risks, industrial bubbles, and & & & & & & & & & technical problems. On the other hand, firms are collapsing into meta-cosmos, packed into meta-cosmos enterprises, with many risks and uncertainties in meta-cosm industries, and excessive adaptation to conceptual hotspots can lead to departures from the original technological development path, posing challenges to industry patterns and enterprise development.
个体心理风险层面，面临极度沉迷后的现实缺位风险。用户层面对于“元宇宙”这一概念及其相关产品怀有好奇心和新鲜感，但元宇宙的发展与监管体系仍未成型，且存在身份认同和人格解体等风险。
At the individual psychological risk level, there is a real risk of infatuation. At the user level, there is a sense of curiosity and freshness about & ldquo; the meta-cosm and related products, but the development and regulatory systems of the meta-cosmos are still unsterilized and there are risks of identity and personality disintegration.
四、思考与建议
中国具有巨大的应用场景市场和非常大的工程师红利及流量优势。应高度关注科学技术发展对时代变迁的推动作用，展开新一轮的全球合作与竞争。积极培育元宇宙技术创新和产业培育，警惕虚拟货币和虚拟数字品交易等“泡沫化”现象。
China has a huge market for applications and a very large engineering dividend and flow advantage. Great attention should be paid to the contribution of scientific and technological developments to changing times, and a new round of global cooperation and competition should be launched.
一是把握价值锚点，走向理性务实。元宇宙领域，技术与技术的集成应用是手段，元宇宙真正的价值发掘与实现应体现在实体经济方面。安筱鹏指出，元宇宙的价值锚点在于数字技术与实体经济融合带来的产业竞争的提升、国际竞争力的提升、国力的增强。如果将元宇宙过于狭义化，炒作元宇宙游戏、NFT、数字藏品等概念，将使元宇宙陷入和现实世界失衡的状态，进而迷失发展方向。
In the meta-cosmos area, where technology and technology are integrated applications, the real value discovery and realization of the meta-cosmos should be reflected in the real economy. Angé pointed out that the value of the meta-cosmos is anchored in the rise in industrial competition, the increase in international competitiveness, and the strengthening of national power as a result of the integration of digital technology and the real economy. If the meta-cosmos were too narrow, the concepts of meta-cosm games, NFTs, digital collections, etc., would plunge the meta-cosmos into a state of imbalance in the real world, leading to a loss of development.
二是加强核心技术攻关，突破发展瓶颈。元宇宙相关技术发展不均衡，较落后的技术制约着元宇宙整体应用水平，需要不断增强技术创新能力，提高技术成熟度。
The second is to strengthen core technological barriers and break through development bottlenecks. Geocosynchronous technological advances are uneven, less advanced technologies constrain the overall application of the metacosystem, and there is a need to continuously increase technological innovation capabilities and technological maturity.
三是构建元宇宙标准体系。即元宇宙之间的标准，或是下一代互联网的标准。
The third is the construction of the meta-cosmos standard system. That is, the standards between meta-cosmos, or the standards of the next generation of the Internet.
四是科学治理，完善创新生态。中国保险监督管理委员会原副主席李克穆指出，元宇宙属于新兴事物，监管部门应合理利用“监管”手段，留出创新空间。元宇宙治理应以法治为基，科学研判发展的机遇与挑战，从安全预警、风险防控机制和能力建设方面完善治理体系。
The former Vice-President of China’s Insurance Supervisory Council, Li Kemu, pointed out that the Yuan cosmos is new and that regulators should make rational use of &ldquao; regulate & & rdquao; and tools to allow for innovation. The management of the Yuan cosmos should be based on the rule of law, and scientific research should identify opportunities and challenges for development, and improve governance systems from security early warning, risk prevention mechanisms and capacity-building.
五是加强伦理体系建设。元宇宙是人类社会的映射，伦理体系在元宇宙中是不可或缺的一部分。（作者：阿里研究院副院长 安筱鹏、中信改革发展研究基金会办公室秘书 王涵）
Fifth is the strengthening of the ethical system. The metaspace is the map of human society, and the ethical system is an integral part of the metaspace.
来源：湖北日报网 | 撰稿：辛文 | 责编：丁萨 审核：张渊
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