在走过10年之际，区块链开始从热闹的炒币“博傻游戏”，转向在一些产业和领域落地应用。
After 10 years of walking, the block chain began to move away from a popular “dumb game” of coins to applications in a number of industries and fields.
作为比特币的底层技术，区块链天然地与各种数字货币紧密关联。从2008年11月中本聪发表《比特币：电子现金》论文开始，到各种数字货币现身市场受到热捧，及至监管层戳破泡沫，币圈趋冷。区块链也随着币圈的变化感受冷暖。
As the bottom of Bitcoin’s technology, the block chain is naturally closely linked to the various digital currencies. Starting with Ben-Sung’s paper “Bitcoin: Electronic Cash” in mid-November 2008, the market for digital currencies has become popular, and the regulatory layer has burst into bubbles and the currency circle has become colder.
这一年币圈和链圈的境遇迥然不同。一方面是“币圈”进入瓶颈期。从数字货币价格持续熊市，到OKEx、FCoin等数字货币交易所陷入维权事件或负面舆论，都在印证这一点。但另一方面，“链圈”的应用正在逐步落地。从雄安新区上线的国内首家基于区块链技术的工程资金管理平台，到工信部发布《2018年信息化和软件服务业标准化工作要点》，提出推动组建全国区块链和分布式记账技术标准化委员会，一步一个脚印。
But, on the other hand, the application of the “chain” is gradually falling. The country’s first engineering fund management platform, based on block-chain technology, has gone from the Information and Software Services Standardization Work Point 2018, issued by the Ministry of Information and Communications, to promoting the formation of a national committee for the standardization of block chains and distributional accounting techniques.
当然，转变的过程并不平坦。当下亟待解决的问题是，如何保证区块链在落地应用中的技术安全。以数据存储为目标的区块链应用很容易成为黑客攻击的“重灾区”，行业亟待建立严格的安全标准。
Of course, the process of transformation is not easy. The immediate problem is how to ensure that the block chain is technologically secure for landing applications. The block chain, which targets data storage, can easily become a “hard zone” for hacker attacks, and the industry needs to establish strict safety standards.
2018：交易所灾年，落地应用元年
加入“币圈”两三年了，唐琳感觉最近“币圈”的大多数社群都冷了下来，多个主流币种进入持续的熊市，曾经每天几百条信息的区块链微信群如今充斥着垃圾广告，偶尔有一两个人冒泡发言，也少有人应和。
Two or three years after joining the “currency ring”, Dontaine felt that most of the recent “currency circle” communities had cooled down, that several mainstream currencies had entered the ongoing bear market, that the chain of micro-messages, which used to be hundreds of messages every day, were now full of garbage ads, and that one or two people occasionally spoke out of bubbles, and that few should.
冰冻三尺非一日之寒。唐琳认为，最近“币圈”的冷淡与今年以来整个“币圈”的大环境紧密关联，尤其是许多虚拟货币交易所遭遇难以预料的“灾年”。
The freeze is three feet cold. Doreen believes that the recent coldness of the “currency ring” is closely linked to the overall “currency circle” environment since this year, especially the unpredictable “year of disaster” for many virtual currency exchanges.
2017年9月，国内监管层给虚拟货币ICO（首次代币发行）套上“枷锁”，之后许多虚拟货币和交易所转战海外市场。火币、OKEx雄踞全球交易所排名前五，交易所币安寻求与乌干达、马耳他等国展开合作，中小型交易所如雨后春笋纷纷上线。2018年年初，许多业内人士一度认为，严监管的靴子落地后，2018年将成为“交易所元年”。
In September 2017, a virtual currency, ICO (the first to be issued as a token), was placed under a “fail” by the domestic regulatory hierarchy, after which many virtual currencies and exchanges turned to overseas markets. Coin, OKEx, was ranked fifth in the global exchange, and exchange currency sought cooperation with countries such as Uganda and Malta, and small and medium-sized exchanges came on the line. At the beginning of 2018, many insiders once argued that, with tightly regulated boots on the ground, 2018 would become the “exchange year”.
但随着虚拟货币大熊市的到来，众多交易所陷入币价崩盘、交易稀少的尴尬境地，有的甚至陷入纠纷。FCoin的黯然遁走，其平台币种FT（FCoin Token)崩盘，OKEx创始人徐明星不得不在上海的一家派出所内，与要求维权的数字货币投资者对峙；以德（EtherDelta）停止交易，实际控制人陈军跑路……
But with the advent of the virtual currency Big Bear, many exchanges have fallen into currency price collapses, rare trading embarrassments, or even disputes. FCoin's darkening, its platform currency, Fcoin Token crashes, and the founder of OKEx Xu Xu has had to confront digital money investors claiming rights in a police station in Shanghai; Ether Delta stopped trading and actually took control of Chen's army...
“币圈”陷入麻烦不断的窘境时，“链圈”却传来不少落地应用的好消息。6月，蚂蚁金服宣布渣打银行成为其核心伙伴银行，双方合作推出以区块链技术为基础的跨境汇款服务。3月20日，腾讯与中国物流与采购联合会共同发布区块供应链联盟链及云单平台。1月，百度推出基于区块链的BaaS平台，应用于信贷、资产证券化、资产交易所等业务。
In June, the ants gold-coats announced the Chartered Bank as their core partner bank, and co-operated in the launch of cross-border remittance services based on block-chain technology. On March 20, the Quest and the China Logistics and Procurement Association launched a block supply chain alliance and cloud manifest platform.
8月，雄安新区通过官方微信公众平台“雄安发布”宣布，其已于近日上线国内首家基于区块链技术的工程资金管理平台，该平台已经接入多项工程，实现多个项目在融资、资金管控、工资发放上的透明管理，累计管理资金达到10亿元。
In August, the Yuan district announced, through the official Weibo public platform, that it had recently launched its first engineering fund management platform based on block chain technology in the country and that it had been connected to a number of projects to achieve transparent management of financing, fund control and payroll, with accumulated management funds amounting to 1 billion yuan.
区块链技术落地应用的同时，相关技术标准也在着手制定。3月，工信部发布《2018年信息化和软件服务业标准化工作要点》，提出推动组建全国信息化和工业化融合管理标准化技术委员会、全国区块链和分布式记账技术标准化委员会。北京邮电大学区块链及安全技术联合实验室主任马兆丰认为，区块链作为一种分布式信任技术，在数字资产、供应链管理、跨境支付、版权管理等分布式信任管理方面具有极其广阔的应用前景。
In March, the Ministry of Information and Communications published Work Points for the Standardization of Information and Software Services in 2018, which promoted the formation of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Information and Industrialization Integration Management, the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Block Chains and Distributed Accounts. The Director of the Joint Laboratory for Block Chains and Security Technologies of the Beijing Post and Telecommunications University, Ma Mu Fung, argued that the Block Chain, as a distributed trust technology, has an extremely broad application in distributed trust management such as digital assets, supply chain management, cross-border payments, copyright management, etc.
但他也指出，区块链本就是很复杂的技术体系，商业化应用的过程会很慢很难，在经过近几年的严格监管与市场教育后，区块链正逐渐从简单的炒币向复杂的落地应用转变。
However, he also pointed out that block chains were complex technological systems, that commercial applications would be slow and difficult, and that, after strict regulatory and market education in recent years, block chains were gradually shifting from simple currency-stripping to complex landing applications.
成黑客攻击“重灾区”，区块链安全标准亟需建立
在应用场景逐渐明朗化的同时，区块链技术本身的安全成为业内担忧的新问题。
While the application landscape is becoming clear, the safety of block chain technology itself has become a new concern within the industry.
在11月13日举行的一场关于数字资产安全的高峰论坛上，多位与会专家表示，区块链技术有望成为未来信息存储的主要发展方向，但由于缺乏安全基础设施的建设和防护，以存储为目标的区块链将成为黑客攻击的“重灾区”。不少专家呼吁，建立严格的区块链安全标准。
At a summit forum on digital asset security held on 13 November, several experts said that block chain technology was expected to be the main development direction for future information storage, but because of a lack of security infrastructure and protection, the block chain, which targeted storage, would become a “hard zone” for hacker attacks. Many called for the establishment of strict block chain security standards.
国家互联网应急中心互联网金融监管技术支撑专项组组长吴震在该论坛上表示，目前数字货币面临风险集聚，除了数字货币交易经济损失等事件引起的群体性社会事件外，区块截留、代码漏洞、交易所被盗、密匙窃取等技术风险更为明显。“目前来看，主要发生过的风险集中在代码实现以及外部风险。”
At that forum, the head of the National Internet Emergency Response Centre Task Force on Internet Financial Regulatory Support, Wu Chien, stated that digital money was currently at risk of concentration and that, in addition to the group-based social events caused by events such as the economic loss of digital currency transactions, the technological risks of block capture, code holes, exchange theft, key theft, etc., were even more evident. “At the moment, the main risks that had occurred were concentrated on code realization and external risks.”
作为一种新的互联网技术，区块链的安全问题并未受到应有的重视。区块链项目评分网站ICO Rating此前分析了100家24小时交易额超过100万美元的数字货币交易所，结果显示有超过54％的数字货币交易所都没有执行标准的安全措施。例如，超过41%的数字货币交易所允许创建长度小于8个字符的密码，37%的交易所允许仅使用数字或字母创建密码，5%更是无需电子邮件验证创建。
As a new Internet technology, the safety of block chains is not given the attention it deserves. The block chain project rating site ICO Rating previously analysed 100 digital currency exchanges with 24-hour transactions of more than $1 million, showing that more than 54% of digital money exchanges do not have standard security measures.
去中心化漏洞平台DVP此前也发现，有超过600家交易所使用存在漏洞的、已被废弃的开源程序，这些漏洞可以使攻击者绕过交易所原本的限制，违规修改信息，或在未授权的情况下删除交易所的数据。
The decentralised DVP platform has also previously found that more than 600 exchanges use leaked, abandoned open-source procedures that allow the attackers to bypass the original restrictions of the exchange, alter information irregularly or delete exchange data without authorization.
360行业安全研究中心主任裴智勇撰文表示，目前区块链常面临的安全问题包括私钥的生成与保护、共识过程的中心化、智能合约代码漏洞、签名过程算法漏洞、系统实现代码漏洞等。
The Director of the Centre for Industrial Security Studies, Bae Zhiyong, wrote that the current safety problems in the block chain include the generation and protection of private keys, the centralization of the consensus process, smart contract code gaps, arithmetic gaps in the signature process, and system achievement code gaps.
裴智勇分析，目前真正对区块链应用系统构成最大威胁的主要是应用系统存在的传统安全漏洞，如源代码漏洞、业务逻辑漏洞、网站安全漏洞、App安全漏洞等，这些漏洞往往使区块链技术本身所构建的数学或逻辑意义上的安全性荡然无存。但这些问题目前还没有得到足够重视。
Pei Xi-Yung has analysed that the most serious threat to block chain application systems is currently posed by traditional security gaps in application systems, such as source code gaps, business logic gaps, website security gaps, and App security gaps, which often leave out the mathematical or logical security built by block chain technology itself. However, these issues have not been given sufficient attention.
吴震认为，随着区块链应用的范围和深度逐渐扩大，必须加强对区块链安全威胁的分析和检测手段的建设。据他介绍，目前《区块链平台安全技术要求》行业标准正立项并起草，将明确区块链平台面临的主要威胁和安全体系架构，针对各关键模块提出安全技术要求，为区块链平台的安全稳健运行提供基础和保障。
Wu Chien believes that, as the scope and depth of block chain applications expands, there is a need to strengthen the development of tools to analyse and detect security threats to the block chain. According to him, the current industry standards of the Block Chain Platform Security Technical Requirements are being developed and drafted to clarify the main threats to the block chain platform and the architecture of the security system, with security technical requirements for key modules, to provide the basis and guarantee for the safe and robust operation of the block chain platform.
中国青年报·中青在线记者 王林 来源：中国青年报
Chinese youth newspaper, Chinese youth journalist Wang Lin Source: Chinese youth newspaper
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