新技术是双刃剑：发掘区块链潜力 警惕多种潜在风险

　　何平强调，市场上打着区块链概念的诈骗行为层出不穷，引发的金融风险不容忽视，对于违法违规行为，监管机构要严格执法，惩前毖后，防范庞氏骗局出现。

He Ping stressed that fraud in the market, which was based on the concept of a block chain, created financial risks that could not be ignored, and that in the case of violations, the regulatory authorities were required to enforce the law strictly and to prevent the Ponzi scheme from emerging after punishment.

　　中国人民大学大数据区块链与监管科技实验室主任杨东介绍，科技创新会带来量变风险与质变风险。他举例：金融科技会大幅降低资金提供者与需求者之间的连接费用，但金融风险的隐蔽性、突发性、传染性和负外部性等特征并不会消失。

The People’s University’s big data block chain and the director of the regulatory science and technology laboratory, Yang Dong, introduced the risk of quantitative and qualitative changes in science and technology. For example, financial science and technology would significantly reduce the cost of connecting financial providers to those in need, but the hidden, sudden, contagious and negative externalities of financial risk would not disappear.

　　“不仅如此，金融、技术和网络风险更易产生叠加与聚合效应，使风险传递得更快、波及面更广，且在技术性风险、操作性风险与系统性风险等层面表现得更为突出。”　杨东说。

& & ldquo; Moreover, financial, technological and network risks are more likely to produce cumulative and aggregate effects, allowing for faster and broader risk transfer and more prominent technical, operational and systemic risks.

　　杨东还说，区块链正在与不同技术之间融合，现实世界与虚拟世界之间的界限正在被模糊，其在金融科技领域引发的风险已经慢慢体现出来。

Yang Dong added that the block chain was being integrated with different technologies, that the boundaries between the real and virtual worlds were being blurred, and that the risks they created in the area of financial science and technology were slowly becoming apparent.

　　谨防监管风险

Watch out for regulatory risks

　　杨东认为，针对区块链行业的快速发展，传统监管模式应对乏力，信息不对称带来的各类风险日益突出。

According to Yang Dong, in response to the rapid development of the block chain industry, the traditional regulatory model is weak and the risks associated with information asymmetries are becoming more pronounced.

　　杨东指出，科技的变化日新月异，从而使得基于事实的监管路径让管理者应接不暇，监管的紧迫性会导致数据识别更加困难。

According to Yang Dong, changes in technology are taking place rapidly, thus making the fact-based regulatory path cumbersome for regulators, and the urgency of regulation can make data identification more difficult.

　　“在多变、复杂且破坏式创新频发的时代，确定监管对象、监管时机和监管方式并非易事。”

& ldquo; in an era of volatile, complex and disruptive innovations, it is not easy to identify regulatory targets, timings and forms of regulation. & rdquo;

　　在法律层面，杨东认为，通过传统监管法律来监管区块链行业发展存在一定滞后性，这点在区块链技术应用的金融领域体现尤为明显。

At the legal level, Yang Dong believes that there is a lag in regulating the development of the block chain through traditional regulatory laws, which is particularly evident in the financial area of the application of block chain technology.

　　“监管原则整体上倾向于事后总结教训型立法，此类传统的审慎监管和行为监管的原则、理念甚至理论无法有效应对金融科技等各新业态的迅猛发展。”杨东说。

& ldquo; Regulatory principles as a whole tend to take lessons-learned legislation ex post, and such traditional principles, concepts, or even theories of prudential and behavioural regulation cannot effectively respond to the rapid development of new practices such as financial science and technology. & rdquao; Yang Dong said.

　　谨防技术风险

Beware of Technology Risks

　　中国信息通信研究院发布的《区块链白皮书(2019年)》显示，目前全球公开区块链专利的申请数量高达1.8万余件，中国占比超过半数，居全球第一。

The White Paper on Block Chains (2019), published by the China Institute of Information and Communications, shows that the number of applications for global open block chain patents currently stands at more than 18,000, with China accounting for more than half of the total, the world's largest.

　　白皮书同时也显示，在专利授权方面，虽然中国当前区块链专利申请量位居第一，但大多处于审查阶段，授权专利多为实用新型、边缘性的专利。

At the same time, the White Paper shows that, while China currently has the highest number of patent applications for block chains in patent authorization, most of them are in the review phase, authorizing patents mostly for practical new and marginal patents.

　　截至2018年底，全球有771件区块链发明专利获得授权，中国仅有53件。

By the end of 2018, 771 block chain inventions had been patented globally and only 53 in China.

　　中国电子技术标准化研究院软件工程与评估中心主任周平认为，区块链在技术层面存在多个风险点。公开透明和不可篡改是区块链的主要特征，随着技术发展，新的隐私保护风险不容忽视。此外，当前诸多区块链应用主要是基于对国外开源技术的改进、提升，大规模应用存在互联互通风险，有可能形成众多新的信息孤岛，甚至有可能在技术上受制于人。另外，要防止出现针对区块链基础设施的过热投资，以免出现资源浪费。

The Director of the China Electronic Technology Standardization Institute’s Software Engineering and Assessment Centre, Zhouping, argues that the block chain has many risk points at the technical level. Open transparency and non-frozenness are the main features of the block chain, and as technology develops, the risks of new privacy protection cannot be ignored.

　　监管如何科学有效

how to regulate the scientific effectiveness of

　　随着区块链技术的普及和应用越来越多，除了技术层面的监管，法律和政策等制度层面的监管也变得越来越迫切。

As the technology of block chains becomes more widely available and applied, in addition to regulation at the technical level, regulation at the institutional level, such as law and policy, becomes increasingly urgent.

　　杨东说，面对新技术带来的新问题，亟须突破传统监管维度，充分利用科技带来的契机，解决监管中“治乱循环”桎梏，在促进创新的同时有效控制风险。

Yang Dong said that, in the face of the new challenges posed by new technologies, it was urgent to move beyond the traditional regulatory dimension and take full advantage of the opportunities offered by technology to address the regulatory & & & & & & & & & & & & &, the shackles and to manage risks effectively while promoting innovation.

　　“科技已深刻地影响着法律和治理体系，坚持科技治理与法律治理相结合是重塑监管能力的有效方式。”杨东说，区块链的影响不只在于生产力、技术层面的重构，更触及生产关系层面、规则层面，影响利益的分配机制、利益的格局。

& & & ldquo; science and technology have profoundly influenced legal and governance systems, insisting that the combination of science and technology governance and legal governance is an effective way to reshape regulatory capacity. & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &, & &, & & & &,, & & & & & &, &,, & & &, & & &, &, & &, & & & & & &, & &,, & &,,,, & &,,,, &, & & & &, & & & &,,,,, & &,,,,,,,,,, & &, & &,,,,, & &, & &,,,

　　针对如何科学有效监管，中国电子技术标准化研究院区块链研究室主任李鸣认为，有关部门应建立完善的监管体系，利用法律法规明确主体责任，利用政策引导方向，科技管理并控制技术风险。同时，探索有针对性的监管手段和方法，对网络、硬件、软件、信息相关的服务提供商进行管理。

In response to the need for effective scientific regulation, Li Ming, Director of the Block Chain Research Unit of the Chinese Institute for Standardization of Electronic Technology, argued that the relevant authorities should establish a well-established regulatory system, make use of laws and regulations to clarify the responsibilities of the subjects, use policy directions, and science and technology to manage and control technological risks. At the same time, they should explore targeted regulatory tools and methods to regulate networks, hardware, software, and information-related service providers.

　　杨东还认为，监管部门要积极探索区块链应用，有序推动这项技术的发展，并降低技术带来的风险。

Yang Dong also believes that regulators should actively explore the application of block chains, facilitate the development of this technology in an orderly manner and reduce the risks associated with it.

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