智慧社會與智慧城市、智慧社區密切相關。2010年，人們提出了“智慧的城市”構想，認為城市由組織（人）、業務（政務）、交通、通信、水、能源六個核心系統組成。這些系統不是零散的，而是以一種協作的方式相互連接，而城市本身則是由這些系統所組成的宏觀系統。建設智慧城市意味著推進上述系統的科學協作與高效運行，實現城市可持續發展。智慧社區則是社區管理的新理念、新模式，是指充分利用物聯網、雲計算、移動互聯網等新一代信息技術的集成應用，為社區居民提供安全、舒適、便利的現代化和智慧化生活環境，從而形成基於信息化和智能化服務的一種新的社區管理形態。基於新一代信息技術的智慧社區是社區治理發展的新階段，同時也是構成智慧城市的基層“細胞”。然而，智慧城市和智慧社區的概念都將自身局限在某一領域。隨著實踐的發展，我們需要從更宏觀的視角謀劃經濟社會的智慧化發展。智慧社會就是將城市、社區以及其他治理單元結合起來，將整個社會作為對象進行整體性思考。智慧社會是一種基於新一代信息技術的新型社會，對於滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要具有重要意義。建設智慧社會，需要把握三大要素。
The intelligent society is closely related to intelligent cities and intelligent communities. In 2010, the idea of “smart cities” was put forward, considering that cities are made up of six core systems of organization (humans), business (government), transport, communication, water, energy. These systems are not fragmented, but are integrated in a coordinated way, providing security, comfort, facilitation of the present generation and intellectualization of the communities themselves, from which the scientific cooperation and efficient operation of the above-mentioned systems are based, to which the cities can continue to develop. The intelligent communities are new concepts of community management, new models of community management, which are the generation of new information technologies, such as networks, cloud computing, mobile networks, etc., which provide security, comfort, convenience for the inhabitants of the communities, and the city itself is the grand system of intelligentness, and the knowledge and wisdom of the city is the key to the development of the society.
智慧社會相關技術。這些技術主要包括兩大類，第一類是人工智能技術。人工智能技術的目的是實現物的智能化，可以將目前人們使用的大量電子產品變得更加智能和友好，使用也更加便利。第二類是區塊鏈技術。通過區塊鏈技術，人們可以實現關系的智能化。當然，這裡指的是更高層級的區塊鏈技術。具體而言，區塊鏈可以被劃分為三個層次：區塊鏈1.0被稱為數字資產，也就是以比特幣等為核心的數字貨幣﹔區塊鏈2.0的代表是智能合約，目前主要是在以太坊等技術基礎上實現的合約系統﹔而區塊鏈3.0的目標應是智能社會。可以預見，將來人類社會將存在大量的智能體，人與智能體、智能體與智能體之間的關系將變得非常復雜。通過區塊鏈技術特別是智能合約技術所建立的社會關系，將是一種新型的智能社會關系。可以說，人工智能和區塊鏈是密切關聯的兩種技術，兩者可能會在未來日益融合，共同推動智慧社會發展。
Intelligent technologies include two types of technologies, the first of which is artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence technologies are designed to make the vast amount of electrical products currently used by people more intelligent and friendly and easier to use. The second type is block-link technology. Through block-link technology, people can realize the intelligence of relationships. Of course, this refers to higher-level block-link technology. In a physical sense, the segment chain can be divided into three layers: segment 1.0, which is called a digital asset, i.e. a digital currency centred on bits, etc.; block 2.0, which represents an intellectual contract, which is now essentially a contractual system based on technology such as a tavern; and sector 3.0, which aims at a smart society. It can be expected that there will be a large number of intelligent bodies in human society, and that the relationship between human beings and intelligence, intelligence and intelligence, and intelligence, will become very complex.
智慧社會相關思維。智慧社會建設所需要的技術，對絕大多數人來說都是嶄新的技術，運用這些技術需要相關思維。智慧社會相關思維主要包含兩個方面：一是數字思維。需要我們從數字的角度來理解社會的存在。數字思維還要求我們善於用量化的方法來看待事物、分析問題，更加精准地把握事物發展的規律。二是智能思維。智能思維要求我們用智能的視角去看待和理解事物。當一個行為反復、大量出現時，就需要考慮能否通過設計智能程序來解決這類重復性行為。能否形成智慧社會相關思維，將在很大程度上影響智慧社會建設成效。
Wisdom is a technology that is new to most people and that needs to be used. Smart society has two main dimensions: one is digital thinking. We need to understand the existence of society from a numerical point of view. Digital thinking also requires us to look at things in quantitative terms, analyse problems, and better grasp the rules of development. Second, intelligent thinking. Smart thinking requires us to look at and understand things with intelligent angles.
智慧社會相關倫理。建設智慧社會需要相關技術支持，具有高度的技術依賴性，同時算法在將來也變得更加重要。當大量決策需要依靠算法來決定時，就要思考算法背后的邏輯結構與社會倫理意義。我們要冷靜看待技術帶來的社會影響，制定相應的政策來管理技術可能形成的社會風險和倫理沖突，用新的技術來解決社會問題而不是增加新的社會問題。要充分考慮技術倫理問題，通過一系列制度設計來規避社會倫理沖突，使新技術可以更好地促進社會公平正義。
When a lot of decisions depend on algorithms for decision-making, it is important to think about the logic behind them and the social sense. We need to look calmly at the social impact of technology, develop policies to manage the social risks and rationales that technology may create, use new technologies to solve social problems rather than add new ones.
（執筆：高奇琦）
♪ pen: Kochki ♪
《 人民日報 》（ 2018年12月02日 07 版）
People's Daily (07th edition, December 02, 2018)
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