世界大学排名荷兰

以色列，以色列是中东地区经济发展程度、商业自由程度、新闻自由程度和整体人类发展指数最高的国家。以色列是中东地区唯一一个自由民主制国家、并且是世界上唯一以犹太人为主体民族的国家。

Israel, which has the highest level of economic development, freedom of commerce, freedom of the press and overall human development index in the Middle East, is the only free and democratic country in the Middle East and the only country in the world with a Jewish majority.

以色列是世界主要宗教犹太教、伊斯兰教和基督教的发源地。

Israel is the source of Judaism, Islam and Christianity, the world's main religion.

新加坡是一个多元文化的移民国家、亚洲发达国家，被誉为“亚洲四小龙”之一；新加坡其经济模式被称作为“国家资本主义”。

Singapore is a multicultural immigrant country, a developed country in Asia, and is known as one of the “Four Dragons of Asia”; its economic model is known as “State capitalism”.

新加坡曾是纽约、伦敦之后的第三大国际金融中心。新加坡以社会政局稳定、政府廉洁高效、全球最国际化而闻名于世。

Singapore was the third largest international financial centre in New York and post-London. Singapore is known for its political stability, the integrity of government, and the internationalization of the world.

谁创造的GDP更多？ 以色列2019年GDP总量为3815.7亿（全球排名34位）；新加坡2019年GDP为 3728.1亿（全球排名36位），以色列比新加坡多了大约87亿。

Who created more GDP? Israel’s total GDP in 2019 was $38,157 billion (or 34 in the global ranking); Singapore’s GDP in 2019 was $37,281 billion (or 36 in the global ranking); and Israel is about $8.7 billion more than Singapore.

考虑到以色列人口数量大约888万，而新加坡人口大约563万，以色列人口强一些，新加坡相对较少，加上两国的GDP基本上差的不多，因此，新加坡在比以色列人口少了大约325万情况下，假如不仔细算，两国经济总量势均力敌，一个档次。

Given that Israel has a population of about 8.8 million, while Singapore has a population of about 5.63 million, that it has a relatively small population, that Singapore is relatively small, and that the GDP of the two countries is largely modestly low, Singapore, with a population of about 3.25 million less than that of Israel, would be in the same position as the two economies if not carefully calculated.

谁的国民幸福指数（人均GDP）高？在2019年，以色列人均GDP为44788美元，新加坡为64229美元，在更具说服力的富裕指标人均GDP方面，新加坡更胜一筹，多超以色列19441美元，相当于多出一个匈牙利（17427美元）还强。

Whose national happiness index (GDP per capita) is high? In 2019, Israel's per capita GDP was $44,788 and Singapore's per capita GDP was $6,4229. In terms of a more compelling indicator of wealth per capita GDP, Singapore won more than Israel's $19,941, equivalent to an additional Hungary ($17,427).

新加坡在全球最富国家一直排名前五名之内，所以，在人均富裕指标上，新加坡远远强于以色列。不过，以色列人均GDP指标也是非常高的，超过了英国、法国、意大利、日本等老牌欧洲发达国家。

Singapore has been in the top five of the world’s richest countries, so Singapore is far stronger than Israel in terms of per capita wealth. But Israel’s per capita GDP target is also very high, surpassing old European-developed countries like the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan.

人均收入方面： 在2014年，新加坡的人均国民总收入在55150美元左右，世界排名第七位。而以色列大约为34990美元，新加坡比以色列多大概20000美元左右，人均方面显然比以色列更富裕。

Per capita income: In 2014, Singapore’s per capita gross national income (GNI) was about $55150, the seventh highest in the world. Israel was about $34990, Singapore was about $20,000 more than Israel, and per capita was clearly richer than Israel.

新加坡在全球财富方面领先。在Knight Frank《财富报告》中显示，在考虑财富值、投资指数和生活方式三方面条件后，新加坡在全球排名中名列第四！

Singapore is a leader in global wealth. In Knight Frank’s Wealth Report, it is ranked fourth in the global ranking after considering wealth values, investment indices and lifestyle conditions.

根据瑞士信贷（Credit Suisse）早前在2016年发布的最新世界财富报告显示，新加坡成人的中位数财富为10万1000美元（约14万4000新元），平均财富为27万7000美元（约39万4000新元），位列亚洲第一，在全球主要经济体中排名第七。

According to the latest World Wealth Report, published earlier in 2016 by Credit Suisse, Singapore's median wealth of adults was $101,000 (approximately S$144,000), with an average wealth of $277,000 (approximately S$394,000), ranking first in Asia and seventh in the world's major economies.

新加坡虽面积小，财富却不输人。全国人口中的5%，大约22万2000人，是排在全球前1%的首富；新加坡一共有15万百万富翁，他们拥有的财富总额高达5410亿美元，平均每人360万（约合新币470万）。

Singapore is small, but its wealth is not lost. 5 per cent of the country’s population, about 220,000 people, are among the top 1 per cent of the world’s wealth; Singapore has 150,000 millionaires, with a total wealth of $54.1 billion, an average of 3.6 million people (approximately 4.7 million US dollars).

根有关方面预测，2021年会达到18万5000人，即新加坡一半人口的财富超过10万美元，这比全球平均水平高出整整5倍。

In 2021, it is projected that the wealth of 185,000 people, or half of Singapore's population, will exceed $100,000, which is exactly five times higher than the global average.

以色列虽然某些财富排名落后于新加坡，但以色列在全球历来是不缺乏财富的民族，犹太民族是世界上最富有的民族之一，他们以占世界总人口的比例不到0.25%，占据着世界超级富豪榜上20%~25%的席位，控制了全世界60%的财富。

Although Israel lags behind Singapore in some of its wealth rankings, Israel has historically been a non-wealthless nation worldwide, one of the richest peoples in the world, with less than 0.25 per cent of the world's total population, occupying 20-25 per cent of the world's super-rich positions and controlling 60 per cent of the world's wealth.

在美国，犹太人所占总人口比例仅3%左右，但在全美百万富翁的人群中，犹太人却占据了30%以上。福布斯美国富豪榜前40名中，有18名是犹太人。他们是娱乐业巨头、顶级的银行家和科技业的巨子。从所罗门.美邦华尔街巨鳄，到大名鼎鼎的麦当劳、星巴克等世界性著名品牌，创始人都是犹太人。

In the United States, Jews make up only about 3 per cent of the total population, but they make up more than 30 per cent of the world’s millionaires. Of the top 40 rich Americans in Forbes, 18 are Jews. They are giants in entertainment, top bankers and technology.

在全球金融界如雷贯耳的资本大鳄索罗斯、google创始人拉里.佩奇、Facebook创始人马克.扎克伯格等也都是犹太人。

In the global financial world, such as the Great Capital Crocodile Soros, the founder Larry Pec, the founder of Google, and the founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, are also Jews.

比如洛克菲勒家族创始人。约翰.洛克菲勒是世界巨富的典型代表人物。当时约翰.洛克菲勒的身价折算到今天来看，大约有2千亿美金。什么概念呢？当今的世界首富比尔盖茨的身价，也不过是区区750亿美金左右，以约翰.洛克菲勒当时的身价比尔盖茨的2.6倍还要多。

For example, the founder of the Rockefeller family, John Rockefeller, a typical representative of the world's great wealth. John Rockefeller's price was converted to about $200 billion today. What's the concept? The world's richest man, Bill Gates, is only about $75 billion, more than 2.6 times more than John Rockefeller's price of Bill Gates at the time.

犹太家族——罗斯柴尔德家族，建立了世界上第一个国际金融集团，曾一度左右欧洲金融界。有人大胆测算，今天的罗斯柴尔德家族资产，已经超过了50万亿美金。也远在世界首富比尔.盖茨、杰夫.贝佐斯等超级富豪之上，所以，新加坡和以色列比财富真的需要看在哪些方面，哪个角度，不能轻易说谁谁最富，最有钱。

The Jewish family – the Rosechild family – founded the world’s first international finance consortium, which once dominated Europe’s financial world. Some dared to calculate that the assets of today’s Rosechild family are more than US$ 50 trillion. And far above the world’s richest super-rich Bill Gates, Jeff Bezoos, Singapore and Israel really need to look at where wealth is, and from which angle, who is the richest and the richest.

文化科技方面的对比。在这一大类中，以色列和新加坡各有千秋、都独具特色。

A comparison of cultural science and technology. In this category, Israel and Singapore are unique and unique.

以色列至今诞生了14位诺贝尔奖。自1901年设立诺贝尔奖以来，850人获奖，犹太人占总获奖人数的20%。其中犹太人包揽了41%的经济学奖，28%的医学奖，26%的物理学奖，16%的化学奖，13%的文学奖项和9%的和平奖，以色列之所以获奖无数，原因是以色列的高等教育和基础教育都是世界一流水平。

Israel has so far been awarded 14 Nobel Prizes. Since the Nobel Prize was established in 1901, 850 people have been awarded, with Jews accounting for 20 per cent of the total. Of these, Jews have received 41 per cent of the economics awards, 28 per cent of the medical awards, 26 per cent of the physics awards, 16 per cent of the chemistry awards, 13 per cent of the literature awards and 9 per cent of the peace awards.

以色列的教育水平很高，大约24%左右的劳动人口拥有研究生以上的学历，居全球第一。

Israel has a high level of education, with about 24 per cent of the working population with post-graduate and higher education, the world's largest.

以色列人均论文发表数量在全球是最高的，大约为全球平均水平的10倍；以色列对于世界科技的发展贡献相当大，以色列科学家在遗传学、计算机科学、光学、工程学和其他技术产业上都有杰出贡献。

Israel has the highest number of papers per capita in the world, about 10 times the global average; Israel has contributed significantly to the development of world science and technology, and Israeli scientists have made outstanding contributions in genetics, computer science, optical, engineering and other technological industries.

以色列在生命科学和医疗器械领域是全球公认的领跑者！ 以色列是世界上第二大医疗器械供应国，在全世界引起巨大影响的、世界上第一个胶囊式内窥镜就是以色列发明并进入临床使用的。

Israel is a globally recognized leader in life sciences and medical devices. Israel is the world’s second largest supplier of medical devices, with the world’s largest impact, the world’s first capsule endoscopic mirror being invented and clinically used by Israel.

犹太人在世界上被公认为比较聪明的种族，有组数据证明：犹太人口占全球比例约0.3%，却获得了全球17%左右的诺贝尔奖，赚取了全球30%的财富。

The Jewish people are recognized as the brightest race in the world, and there is a set of data showing that the Jewish population, which accounts for about 0.3 per cent of the world's population, has won around 17 per cent of the global Nobel Prize and earned 30 per cent of the world's wealth.

以色列在2019年全球创新指数排名中进入全球前十名，以色列人均拥有创新企业数量、人均拥有高科技公司均排名世界第一。

In 2019, Israel ranked among the top 10 countries in the global innovation index, and Israel ranked first in the world in terms of the number of innovative businesses per capita and the number of high-tech companies per capita.

以色列每100万人中就有8000多名研发人员，人均数量几乎是美国的两倍。以色列24%的劳动人口拥有大学学历，这使以色列成为全球工业国家里学历程度第三高的国家，仅次于美国和荷兰。

Israel has more than 8,000 R & D personnel per 1 million people, almost twice as many per capita as the United States. Twenty-four per cent of Israel’s working population has a university degree, making Israel the third most highly educated country in the world’s industrial countries, after the United States and the Netherlands.

以色列对基础教育的资金投入始终保持着GDP的12％左右，并且以色列政府为每个小学生每年投入4000多美元，为每个大学生投入11000多美元，均高于全球发达国家。

Israel has consistently spent around 12 per cent of its GDP on basic education, and the Israeli Government has invested over $4,000 per primary school student per year and over $11,000 per university student, which is higher than in developed countries worldwide.

以色列的科研人员占总人口的比例在世界排名第一。以色列首都特拉维夫无论在人才质量、人才获取、人才成本等指标都在世界名列前茅！。

Israel’s scientific staff ranks first in the world as a whole. Israel’s capital, Tel Aviv, is among the world’s highest in terms of quality, access, and cost of talent.

世界经济论坛数据统计，以色列企业在获得熟练劳动力方面排名世界第二位。以色列研发投入占GDP总量中，以色列是全球国家中最高的，以色列也由此被称为全球“创新的国度”。

According to World Economic Forum data, Israeli firms are the second largest in the world in terms of access to skilled labour. Israel’s R & D investment accounts for the highest share of GDP in the world, and Israel is thus referred to as the global “innovation state.”

虽然新加坡缺乏以色列人创造众多诺贝尔奖出色的成绩，但新加坡的国民平均智商和教育素养两项都排在世界第一位！

Although Singapore lacks many outstanding Nobel Prize performances by Israelis, Singapore's national average IQ and education ranks first in the world!

英国Vouchercloud门户网站发布的“全球最聪明国家与地区”榜单，这项排名基于三大因素——诺贝尔奖获得者人数、人口平均智商以及小学生学习成绩，这三个因素分别代表一个国家国民过去、现在、未来一代的智力，新加坡在代表现在和未来一代的人口平均智商以及小学生学习成绩两项都排名世界第一！

The list of “the world's smartest countries and regions”, published on the United Kingdom's Vouchercloud portal, is based on three main factors — the number of Nobel laureates, the average IQ of the population, and the achievement of primary school children — which represent, respectively, the past, present and future generations of the intelligence of a country's nationals, Singapore's average IQ of the present and future generation of the population, and the achievement of primary school students — both ranked first in the world!

新加坡诺贝尔奖获奖人数这一项排在了73名，在“全球最聪明国家与地区”榜单上新加坡只排在了25位。在这份榜单上，亚洲国家交出了一份优秀的成绩单！日本排在第一，中国排在第三。

The number of Singapore’s Nobel laureates is 73, and Singapore is only 25 on the list of “the world’s smartest countries and regions.” On this list, Asian countries hand over a good report card! Japan is first, and China is third.

新加坡在“教育界的世界杯“三方面夺冠。 自2000年起，经合组织(OECD)每3年会组织一次针对各个国家15岁学生的能力测试，就是PISA(The Program for International Student Assessment)，这个测试被称为“教育界的世界杯”。

Singapore has won the “World Cup for Education.” Since 2000, OECD has organized, every three years, a competency test for 15-year-old students in every country, the PISA, known as the “World Cup for Education.”

测试结果，新加坡学生不仅在国际数学和科学评测趋势测试中几乎年年排名第一，而且在国际学生评估项目中，其在数学能力、阅读能力和科学素养三方面也都摘得桂冠。

As a result of the tests, not only are students in Singapore ranked first almost every year in the International Mathematics and Science Assessment Trends Test, but they have also been crowned in the International Student Assessment Project (ISA) in terms of mathematics, reading skills and science literacy.

新加坡的基础教育质量排在全球第一，很多英美澳高校都在新加坡设有分校，新加坡国立大学（NUS），是亚洲乃至世界顶尖著名学府。在2018年QS排名上分别位于世界第11名和亚洲第一名。新加坡的另一所知名学府——南洋理工大学（NTU），紧随其后，分别排在世界第12名和亚洲第二名。

Singapore ranks first in the world in terms of quality of basic education, with many British American and Australian high schools having branches in Singapore, and the National University of Singapore (NUS), the world’s best-known institution in Asia and the world. In 2018, QS ranked 11th in the world and first in Asia. Singapore’s other well-known institution, the Nanyang University of Technology (NTU), followed by the world’s 12th and second in Asia, respectively.

新加坡拥有世界公认的、极为完善的教育体系，新加坡的素质教育屡屡被评为世界第一，新加坡的教育体制是以精英政策为指导的。

Singapore had a world-renowned and highly developed education system, and its quality education had repeatedly been ranked world-first, and its education system was guided by elite policies.

国际数学和科学评测趋势（TIMSS）测试结果，新加坡基本上年年拿第一！而在测试国际学生评估项目（PISA）中，新加坡学生的数学能力、阅读能力和科学素养三方面都包揽第一！

The results of the International Mathematics and Science Assessment (TIMSS) test, Singapore's number one year after year! In testing the International Student Assessment Project (PISA), Singapore students are the first in mathematics, reading and scientific literacy!

经济学人智库发布2019年全球食品安全指数，在该指数跟踪的全球113个国家和地区中，新加坡以87.4的综合得分连续第二年位居榜首，中国排名第35位

The Economics think tank released the 2019 Global Food Safety Index, with Singapore ranked first for the second year in a world of 113 countries and territories with a combined score of 87.4 and China 35th.

瑞士洛桑管理学院（IMD）发布的全球经济体最新竞争力报告显示，新加坡蝉联第一名，连续两年排名第一。在全球最具创新能力国家排行榜新加坡不是始终排名世界前列。

The latest competitiveness report for the global economy, published by the Swiss Lausanne Institute of Management (IMD), shows that Singapore is first in the league for two years in a row. Singapore is not always at the top of the world’s list of the world’s most innovative countries.

世界经济论坛《2019年全球竞争力报告》显示，在2019年全球竞争力指数中，新加坡成为最具竞争力的经济体, 新加坡综合得分84.8分（满分100分），成为距离竞争力满分最近的国家！在中东和北非地区，以色列排名第20位，中国排名28，为金砖国家之首。

According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2019, Singapore became the most competitive economy in the 2019 Global Competitiveness Index, with Singapore's combined score of 84.8 (100 per cent) becoming the country closest to competitiveness. In the Middle East and North Africa region, Israel ranked 20th, and China 28th, the top BRICS country.

国际航空运输评级组织Skytrax发布的2019年度全球最佳机场奖的排行，新加坡樟宜机场继续位列第一，实现“七连冠”！中国内地排名最高的是上海的虹桥机场，位列第16。

The International Air Transport Rating Organization, Skytrax, ranked first in the 2019 Best Global Airport Award and continued to achieve the “Seven Winners” in Singapore. The highest ranking in the interior of the country is the Rainbow Bridge Airport in Shanghai, ranked 16th.

内地其他排在前50的机场包括：广州白云国际机场（第39），海口美兰国际机场（第41），西安咸阳国际机场（第44）等。

The other airports in the interior, which are in the top 50, are: White Cloud International Airport in Guangzhou (No. 39), Melan International Airport in Haiguchi (No. 41), Xianyang International Airport in West China (No. 44).

在军事方面的对比情况。以色列是人均拥有世界上最多的军火工业的国家，并且以色列是世界上防务出口最多的10个国家之一。

The military contrast. Israel is the country with the largest arms industry in the world per capita, and it is one of the 10 countries with the largest defence exports in the world.

根据斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所（简称SIPRI）发布的年度报告，2018年以色列位列世界第八大武器出口国。国际和平研究所在最近的一份报告中，又将以色列列为世界上第五大武器供应国，排在美国、俄罗斯、法国和德国之后。

According to the annual report issued by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Israel was the eighth largest arms exporter in the world in 2018. In a recent report, the International Peace Research Institute listed Israel as the fifth largest supplier of weapons in the world, after the United States, Russia, France and Germany.

防务出口是以色列的一项重大成就，证明了以色列国防工业在全球受到的尊敬及享有的威望。

Defence exports are a major achievement for Israel and attest to the respect and prestige that the Israeli defence industry enjoys globally.

国际防务网站“全球火力”网发布的世界军力排名，前三甲是雷打不动的美俄中，以色列的排名在全球16位左右。

The international defence website “Global Firepower” ranks the world's military forces, the first three aces being the thunder-defeating Russian-American and Russian-American, with Israel ranked about 16 places around the world.

近年，以色列又险些成为世界第4个成功探月的国家，虽最终功亏一篑，但证明了以色列具备了非常强的科技实力。

In recent years, Israel had risked becoming the fourth most successful country in the world, and, at the end of the day, had proved that it had a very strong scientific and technological strength.

新加坡在军事实力方面，和以色列不是一个档次上的。但新加坡的军事实力在东盟国家中名列前茅，如果单论装备质量的话应该排名东盟第一，如果按国家人口规模及其国土面积来算，新加坡算得上是世界军事非常强的国家，因为一直以来，由于新加坡经济发达、富裕、有大量的资金，因此新加坡军队的装备追求的是世界最强最新水平，国家军队建设比较体系完善、海陆空力量均衡。

But Singapore’s military might is among the highest in ASEAN countries, should it be ranked first in ASEAN if the quality of the equipment is the case, and if it is measured by the size of the country’s population and the size of its territory, Singapore is considered to be a very military country in the world, because it has always been economically advanced, rich, and well-funded, so Singapore’s army is equipped to pursue the world’s most recent levels, a better system of national army-building and a better balance of air, sea, and land forces.

新加坡军队的特点是精兵强将、装备先进、官兵素质高、训练较好。目前新加坡施行全民皆兵的义务兵役制，现役部队总兵力大约为7万左右，预备役达36万左右。

Singapore’s military forces are characterized by elites, advanced equipment, high rank and strength, and are well trained. Currently, Singapore has a system of compulsory military service for all, with a total active force of around 70,000 and a reserve of about 360,000.

综上所述，以色列及新加坡在经济总量上旗鼓相当；在富裕程度上，新加坡更胜一筹；在诺贝尔获得奖人数及科技成就上，以色列遥遥领先！在教育投入及发展成就上，以色列及新加坡各具特色；在军事上，以色列更强大一些。因此，以色列及新加坡都是综合国力非常出色的国家，只能说是各有千秋吧。

To sum up, Israel and Singapore are equally large in terms of economic aggregates; to the extent of their wealth, Singapore is better off; to the extent of their wealth, Israel is far ahead in terms of the number of Nobel laureates and scientific and technological achievements! Israel and Singapore are unique in terms of educational inputs and development achievements; and, militarily, Israel is stronger.

值得一提是新加坡人口华人占据70%多，华人在世界上以勤奋著称，新加坡被评全球工作时间最长的国家！工作狂很多。以色列在全球以“生意经”著称，被认为世界上最会做生意的民族。

It is worth mentioning that Singapore is home to more than 70% of the Chinese population, that China is known for its hard work in the world, and that Singapore is rated as the longest-serving country in the world!

人工智能是时下最火的科技词汇之一，人工智能作为引领未来的战略性技术正默默改变着人类的生产生活。西安交通大学人工智能研究是国内高校的先驱，拥有强大的学术实力，科研成绩斐然，斩获国内外多项荣誉。本期推送，让我们一起走进西安交通大学人工智能，领略人工智能的科技魅力。

Artificial intelligence is one of the hottest terms of science and technology at the moment, and artificial intelligence, as a strategic technology to guide the future, is changing the productive life of the human race. Artificial intelligence research at the Xian University of Transport is a pioneer at the country’s higher education institutions, with strong academic strength, scientific success, and many national and international honours.

人工智能学科发展历程

The development of artificial intelligence

·1958年，西安交通大学在国内首批创建的“自动控制”专业。

• In 1958, the Xian Transport University was the first to create an “autonomous control” specialization in the country.

·1981年，西安交通大学首批获得“控制科学与工程”硕士和一级学科博士授予权

• In 1981, the University of Xian Transport was first granted a master's degree in “Control of Science and Engineering” and a Ph.D. in first-level disciplines

·1982年，西安交通大学设立“模式识别与智能系统”二级学科（2001年被评为全国重点学科）

• In 1982, the University of Xian Transport established the second level of the “Model Identification and Smart System” (rated as a national priority in 2001)

·1986年，西安交通大学在国内最早成立了人工智能专职研究机构——“人工智能与机器人研究所”

• In 1986, Xian Transport University established the first specialized institute for artificial intelligence in the country — the Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.

·2017年，西安交通大学创办了“人工智能拔尖人才培养试验班”，探索培养人工智能方向本科生

• In 2017, the Xian University of Transport launched a pilot course on the development of artificial intelligence, which explores the development of artificial intelligence for undergraduates

·2018年，西安交通大学人工智能拔尖人才培养试验班招收第一届本科生

:: In 2018, the first undergraduate student was enrolled in the Advanced Training Course for Artificial Intelligents at Xian University of Transport.

·2018年12月，西安交通大学在在人机所的基础上成立“人工智能学院”

• In December 2018, the Xian Transport University set up the Institute of Artificial Intelligence on the basis of a human infrastructure.

·2019年3月，西安交通大学获教育部首批“人工智能”本科新专业建设资格

:: March 2019, Xian University of Transport was qualified by the Ministry of Education for the first new specialization in artificial intelligence

国内先驱者

Domestic pioneers.

西安交大开始无人驾驶研究，可以说是国内高校中最早者之一。

Xian was one of the oldest students in the country, starting with unmanned research.

早在上世纪八十年代，欧美等国已率先开始了智能驾驶研究。其中，无需人类参与的“自主驾驶”更成为研究主题之一。

Back in the 1980s, countries such as Europe and the United States had taken the lead in intelligent driving research. In it, “self-driving” without human involvement became one of the subjects of research.

作为西安交大人工智能与机器人研究所学术带头人，郑南宁敏锐察觉到国外辅助安全驾驶与无人驾驶技术的发展趋势。自上个世纪90年代末起，郑南宁就开始布局无人车的相关研究。2001年末，已当选院士的郑南宁正式组建起无人驾驶智能汽车课题组。

As the academic leader of the Xian Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Jung Nam Ning was keenly aware of developments in ASAV and UAV technology abroad. Since the late 1990’s, Zheng Nanning began research on the deployment of unmanned vehicles.

十九年来，课题组深耕于人工智能与无人车研究领域，在模式识别与智能系统、机器视觉与图像处理等重要领域进行了长期、系统的创新性研究，并且在无人驾驶智能车的系统结构、道路环境感知、多传感数据融合技术以及交互智能驾驶综合测试与验证平台研究等方面不断取得新的进展。

Over the past nineteen years, the cluster has deepened into the area of artificial intelligence and unmanned vehicle research, carried out long-term, systematic and innovative research in key areas such as mode recognition and smart systems, machine visualization and image processing, and made new and ongoing progress in the architecture of unmanned smart vehicles, road environmental perception, multisensive data integration techniques, and integrated testing and validation of platforms for interactive intelligent driving.

2002年，无人驾驶车“思源1号”正式诞生。2005年，“思源1号”在校园道路环境测试成功后，为了获得实际的交通路况数据，课题组制定了“新丝绸之路挑战”计划，即让“思源1号”从西安出发一直行驶到敦煌。然而，“思源一号”无人车出了校门，几乎无法应对真实的交通场景，只在接近敦煌的公路上能够实现自主行驶。

In 2002, the Unmanned Vehicle “Think Source 1” was officially born. In 2005, after a successful school road environmental test, and in order to obtain actual traffic data, the subject group developed the New Silk Road Challenge, which allows the “Think Source 1” to travel from Xian to Quantitude.

2005年的无人车 ‘新丝绸之路挑战’的经历给予了郑南宁深刻的启示，要想使无人车研究的实验室成果真正走向应用环境，他们还面临许多艰难的挑战。

The experience of the "New Silk Road Challenge" in 2005 was a profound inspiration for Jung Nanning, who also faced many difficult challenges if the results of unmanned research laboratories were to be truly translated into the application environment.

尽管2005年那次敢为人先的无人驾驶之旅失败了，但却让郑南宁与人工智能与机器人研究所更加明确了改进的路径和方向，也更加坚定了他们研究无人驾驶技术的决心：技术在现实中遇到问题，正说明技术需要突破和创新，去解决现实需求。

Despite the failure of the first-ever unmanned journey in 2005, Jung Nanning and the Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics made it possible to clarify the path and direction of improvement and to strengthen their commitment to the study of unmanned technologies: technology, with its problems in reality, is pointing to the need for breakthroughs and innovations to address real needs.

从模拟实验走向真实交通环境，从特定路段到复杂道路，从直线行走到转弯超车，从每小时10～15公里到70～80公里的速度……

From simulation experiments to real traffic environments, from specific sections to complex roads, from straight lines to turning over cars at speeds ranging from 10-15 km to 70-80 km per hour...

“从2017年回看2005年的无人车，就像是‘丑小鸭’实现了蜕变。科学研究就是这样，要脚踏实地一步步走向更加完善的阶段。”说起无人车研究从“理想”逐渐转变为“现实”的过程，郑南宁感慨万分。

“Looking back at the drones of 2005 from 2017, it's like the ugly ducklings have changed. That's what scientific research is about, taking a step-by-step step to a better stage.” When it comes to the evolution of unmanned research from an “ideal” to a “real” process, Jung Nanning is impressed.

从先驱到领先

From the pioneer to the lead.

在中国，有一项公众不大了解，然而学界公认权威、体现中国无人车最高水平的无人驾驶比赛：国家自然科学基金委员会于2009年创办的中国智能车未来挑战赛（Intelligent Vehicle Future Challenge, 简称IVFC）。

In China, there is not much public awareness, but there is a recognized authority in the academic world, reflecting the highest level of unmanned Chinese competition: the Chinese Smart Car Future Challenge (Intelligent Vehique Future Challenge, or IVFC), founded in 2009 by the National Council of Natural Science Foundations.

作为技术研究者，自然要去实际比赛中检验技术。西安交大自2009年起，连续参加了11届中国智能车未来挑战赛。开始几届比赛，西安交大并未拿到奖项。然而，经过经验的积累，以及不断基于比赛进行研发和技术迭代，西安交大无人车的成绩越来越好。

As a technical researcher, it is natural to test technology in actual competitions. Since 2009, Xian has participated in 11 consecutive competitions for the future of Chinese smart cars. Several competitions have begun, and Xian has not won a prize. However, with accumulated experience and constant competition-based R & D and technology overlaps, Xi's success in Xi's transition to an unmanned vehicle has increased.

2016年，第八届中国智能车未来挑战赛，西安交大两辆无人车参赛。“发现号”获得高速道路自主驾驶测试第三名，城区道路自主驾驶测试第五名；“夸父一号”则分别获得两项比赛的第六名、第四名。

In 2016, in the eighth Chinese smart car challenge of the future, Xian handed over two unmanned vehicles. Discovery was awarded the third test for free driving on high-speed roads, the fifth test for free driving on urban roads, and the sixth and fourth, respectively, for the two competitions.

首次夺冠

Winning for the first time.

2017年，第九届中国智能车未来挑战赛在江苏省常熟市举行，厚积薄发的西安交大夺冠。

In 2017, the ninth Chinese smart car challenge for the future was held in Changqing City, Jiangsu Province, where the rich and thin-haired Xian was crowned.

“发现号”在城乡道路测试、高架快速道路测试两个单项中均获第一名，综合排名第一，荣获一等奖；“夸父一号”在高架快速道路测试的真实交通流状态下汇入车流和动态超车表现高超，赢得广泛好评，荣获第四名。

Discovery was ranked first in both urban and rural road tests and high-speed road tests, ranked first in combination and awarded first-class awards; and the "Pride Father One" transferred traffic and dynamic hyperdrives under the true traffic flow of high-speed road tests, which received a wide range of positive ratings and a fourth.

2017年中国智能车未来挑战赛高架快速道路测试成绩

In 2017, China's smart car will challenge the high-speed road test results.

第一名 发现号（西安交通大学&广汽研究院）

Number one, Discovery.

第二名 特立笃行号（北京理工大学）

Second place, Trident Line (Beijing Polytechnic University)

第三名 清华苏研 （清华大学苏州汽车研究院&重庆力帆）

Third place, Qinghua Soo-chul.

2017年中国智能车未来挑战赛乡村道路测试成绩

In 2017, China's smart car challenged the country's road test results in the future.

第一名 发现号（西安交通大学&广汽研究院）

Number one, Discovery.

第二名 驾驶宝（苏州市驾驶宝智能科技有限公司&苏州市职业大学）

Second, the driver's treasure (Suzhou City Driving Treasure Technology Co. Ltd. and Suzhou City Vocational University)

第三名 京龙一号（北京联合大学&苏州天瞳威视电子科技有限公司）

Jinglong One, Beijing Union University and Suzhou Electronics and Technology Co. Ltd.

“发现号”和“夸父一号”以我国自主品牌汽车为平台，搭载了可见光、激光、毫米波、惯性导航等多种传感器，采用不同技术路线完成自主感知、智能决策与规划、运动控制等功能，集成验证了人工智能与机器人研究所在认知计算、机器学习、计算机视觉、定位与导航等领域的研究成果。

On the platform of our autonomous branded cars, Discovery One and Exaggeration One, they carry a variety of sensors, such as visible light, lasers, millimetre waves, inertial navigation, using different technical routes to perform the functions of autonomous perception, intelligent decision-making and planning, motion control, etc., and are integrated to validate the results of the research carried out by the Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in the fields of cognitive computing, machine learning, computer visualization, positioning and navigation.

卫冕冠军

The champion of the crown.

2018年，第十届“中国智能车未来挑战赛”继续在江苏省常熟市举行，来自全国高校、科研机构和企业的27支车队报名，西安交大再次夺冠。“Pioneer先锋号”无人驾驶智能车斩获高架快速道路测试和城乡道路环境测试的总分第一名，并荣获高速道路施工路段自主通行技术奖第一名、城区道路自主泊车技术奖第一名和乡村道路行驶技术奖第三名。

In 2018, the 10th China Smart Car Future Challenge was held in Changqiao City, Jiangsu Province, where 27 convoys from high schools, scientific institutions, and enterprises across the country were registered, and Xi'an was crowned again. The Pioneer van won the first place in the overall high-speed and rural and urban road environment tests, and was awarded the first prize in technology for autonomous access to high-speed road works, the first award in technology for autonomous parking on urban roads and the third award in technology for rural roads.

三连冠

Three straight crowns.

2019年11月，第十一届“中国智能车未来挑战赛”，西安交大人工智能与机器人研究所“先锋号”无人驾驶智能车取得本届比赛城乡道路比赛第一名、高架道路比赛第一名、无卫星导航乡村道路行驶第一名的优异成绩，比赛总分位列榜首。至此，自2017年以来，西安交大已经史无前例地连续三年蝉联此赛事冠军。

In November 2019, the 11th China Smart Car Future Challenge, Xi'an handed over to the Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics the Unmanned Smart Car, the first in the competition for urban and rural roads, the first in the race for high-level roads, and the first in the race for non-satellite navigation in rural roads. So, since 2017, Xi'an has been the champion of the tournament for three consecutive years without precedent.

“先锋号”集成了西安交通大学人工智能与机器人研究所在认知计算、环境感知、先进规划与决策、智能系统等多个方面的最新技术。在全程无卫星导航定位导航的情况下，自主地由匝道驶入高架快速道路，礼让汇入自然车流，通过施工路段、事故拥堵、临检站、前车坠物等复杂路况和交通场景，完成行驶任务后非常完美地驶入路边侧位停车。

The Vanguard is the latest technology of the Institute of Artificial Intelligents and Robotics of the University of Xian Transport in the fields of cognitive computing, environmental perception, advanced planning and decision-making, and intelligent systems. In the absence of satellite navigational guidance, it is autonomous to take the tunnels to high speed roads, to give way to the flow of natural vehicles, through complex road conditions and traffic scenes such as construction blocks, accident congestions, checkpoints, front-car crashes, and, upon completion of the mission, to park on the side of the road perfectly well.

这一届赛事展示了我国无人驾驶技术取得的重要突破，标志着我国无人驾驶技术已处在世界第一阵营。

The event demonstrated the important breakthrough in our unmanned technology, marking the country's first camp in the world.

冠军背后的强大学术实力

The great academic power behind the champion.

在强手林立的中国智能车未来挑战赛夺得三连冠，不是没有原因的。西安交大在人工智能领域，尤其是计算机视觉领域，拥有国内领先的实力。2019年初，位于华盛顿州西雅图的艾伦人工智能研究所（Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence，Ai2) 发布了一项新的研究报告，显示中国的人工智能研究在质上开始有了赶超美国的趋势。研究团队创建了一个名为 Semantic Scholar 的工具，用以搜索和分析在线发表的科研论文。通过这个工具，Ai2 的研究人员不仅比较了中国 AI 研究论文的数量（Semantic Scholar 的数据显示，自 2005 年以来，中国发表的人工智能论文数量已经超过了美国），还能根据他们在其他论文中的引用次数来判断这些论文的质量。

In early 2019, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Ai2, located in Seattle, Washington, published a new study that showed that Chinese artificial intelligence research had qualitatively started to catch up with the United States. The research team created a tool called Semantic Scholar to search and analyse research papers published online. Through this tool, Ai2 researchers not only compared the number of Chinese AI research papers (Semantic Scholar data show that since 2005 China has produced more artificial intelligence papers than the United States), but they can also judge the quality of these papers on the basis of the number of references they have made in other papers.

数据显示，论文被引用次数最多的中国学术机构第一位是庞大的中科院，而西安交通大学则位于大陆高校第三位，仅次于清华大学和上海交通大学，引用次数高达91559次。面对国际人工智能浪潮的兴起，西安交通大学始终紧盯国家重大需求，超前布局，主动作为，早在2018年就开设人工智能拔尖人才培养试验班，积极探索人工智能创新人才培养的新模式。

In the face of the rise of the international wave of artificial intelligence, Xian Transport University has been focusing on the country’s vital needs. It has been very active in exploring new models of artificial intelligence innovating talent, as early as 2018.

2019年8月，Acemap团队开发了全球顶级研究机构排名系统AceRankings，该排名系统根据中国计算机学会（CCF）推荐的A类会议和期刊上发表论文的引用量，对中美Top50的研究机构和相关学者进行了排名。西安交大在2009至2019年十年间论文引用量位居全国研究机构第五名，进入前五名的机构还包括：清华大学、中国科学院、中国科技大学和北京大学。

In August 2019, the Acemap team developed the global top research research institution ranking system, AceRankings, which ranked Central American Top50 research institutes and related scholars according to the number of references to papers published in class A conferences and periodicals recommended by the Chinese Computer Society (CCF). The number of references to papers in the AceRs was fifth in the decade 2009-2019, and the top five institutions included: Qinghua University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese University of Science and Technology, and Beijing University.

该排名系统的数据库涵盖了人工智能、计算机体系结构、计算机图形学、计算机网络、计算机理论、数据挖掘、人机交互、软件工程等众多领域，收录了6万余篇论文。根据过去十年期间的统计数据，西安交大在CCF推荐的A类会议和期刊上发表论文405篇，引用量2.4万余次。特别是，在人工智能领域，西安交大发表论文141篇，引用量1.9万余次，引用量位居全国第4名；在计算机视觉与模式识别领域两大顶级会议CVPR（IEEE国际计算机视觉与模式识别会议）、ICCV（IEEE国际计算机视觉大会）上发表论文66篇，引用量1.6万余次，引用量位居全国榜首。

The database of the ranking system covers a wide range of areas such as artificial intelligence, computer architecture, computer graphics, computer networks, computer theory, data mining, interpersonal interaction, software engineering, etc. More than 60,000 papers have been recorded. According to statistics from the last decade, Xian has published 405 papers in class A conferences and periodicals recommended by the CCF, with more than 24,000 citations. In particular, in the area of artificial intelligence, Xiaan has published 141 papers with more than 19,000 citations, with the fourth largest number of citations in the country; and in the two leading conferences in the area of computer visual and model recognition, CVPR (IEEE International Conference on the Identification of Computer Visuals and Models), ICCV (IEEE International Conference on Computer Visualization), 66 papers with more than 16,000 citations, with the highest number of references in the country.

同时，西安交大3名师生进入人工智能领域国内学者前20名，包括张祥雨（已毕业，就职旷视科技）、郑南宁教授和袁泽剑副教授，彰显了西安交大在人工智能领域的研究实力。值得一提的是，在美国学者Top50榜单中，西安交大人工智能学院院长、兼职教授孙剑博士高居榜单第2名（注：由于孙剑博士2009-2019年的论文大多是在微软期间完成的，所以被系统归类到美国学者榜单中），体现了西安交大在人工智能领域的国际影响力。

At the same time, three of Xian’s top 20 teachers and students entered the field of artificial intelligence, including Zhang Xiangyu (who graduated and was employed in science and technology), Professor Chung Nanning, and Associate Professor Yuan Ze sword, highlighting Xian’s research skills in the field of artificial intelligence. Of the US scholar Top50, Xian’s director and part-time professor, Dr Sun Seng, is ranked second in the list (note: since Dr Sun’s papers for 2009–19 were mostly completed during Microsoft), they are systematically classified in the list of American scholars, reflecting Xian’s international influence in the field of artificial intelligence.

另外，根据第三方数据统计，高校2015-2018年获人工智能领域国家自然科学基金项目数，西安交通大学与清华大学并列全国第二。

In addition, according to third-party data, the University received the second largest number of National Natural Science Fund projects in the field of artificial intelligence in the country between 2015 and 2018, with the University of Xian and the University of Qinghua.

2020年初，AI2000人工智能全球最具影响力学者榜单发布，西安交大人工智能学院院长、兼职教授孙剑，软件学院院长龚怡宏教授，旷视研究院基础模型组负责人、校友张祥雨入选。在AI2000计算机视觉全球最具影响力学者排行榜上，孙剑教授高居全球第2，张祥雨博士位列第4，龚怡宏教授位列第66。

At the beginning of 2020, the list of the most influential scholars in AI2000 was published, with Sun Sword, Dean of the University of Artificial Intelligents, part-time Professor of Xiaan, Professor Yee-hoon, Director of the School of Software, head of the Academy’s basic model team, and alumni Zhang Xiang Xiang Xiang Xiang, on the list of the most influential scholars in AI2000, Professor Sun Seng is the second highest in the world, Dr. Zhang Xiang Yu is the fourth in rank, and Professor Gong is the sixth in rank.

“AI2000人工智能全球最具影响力学者榜单”由清华-中国工程院知识智能联合研究中心与清华大学人工智能研究院共同发布。该榜单涵盖了经典AI、机器学习、计算机视觉、自然语言处理等人工智能学科20个子领域，收集整理了全世界1.3亿学者发表的2.7亿篇学术论文，参考了近10年学术论文的引用情况，遴选出人工智能领域最具影响力的顶尖学者。

The Qinghua-China Institute of Engineering's Joint Research Centre for Knowledge-Intelligent Research and the Qinghua University Institute of Artificial Intelligent Research published the “AI 2000 Global List of the most influential scholars.” The list covers 20 sub-areas of artificial intelligence subjects such as classic AI, machine learning, computer visualization, and natural language processing. It collects 270 million academic papers published by 130 million scholars around the world, drawing on references from nearly 10 years of academic dissertations, and selects the best scholars with the greatest influence in the field of artificial intelligence.

孙剑，1997年在西安交通大学自动控制专业获得学士学位，2000年、2003年在人工智能与机器人研究所获得硕士和博士学位（导师郑南宁院士），现任旷视（Face++）首席科学家、旷视研究院院长，西安交通大学人工智能学院院长、兼职教授。孙剑教授自2002年以来在CVPR、ICCV、PAMI等顶级学术会议和期刊上发表学术论文100余篇，两次获得CVPR最佳论文奖（2009、2016），H-index 76，2010年被美国权威技术期刊MIT Technology Review评选为“全球35岁以下杰出青年创新者TR35”。

Sun Sword, 1997 Bachelor's degree in automatic control at the University of Xian Transport, 2000 and 2003 at the Institute of Artificial Intelligents and Robotics, Masters and Doctors (Sc. Cheng Nanning House, mentor), Chief Scientist, Dean of the Institute of Psychiatry (Face++), Dean of the Institute of Artificial Intelligent Sciences at the University of Xian Transport, part-time professor. Professor Sun Seng has published more than 100 academic papers since 2002 in leading academic conferences and periodicals such as CVPR, ICCV, PAMI, two awards for the best articles of CVPR (2009, 2016), H-index 76, selected in 2010 by the leading United States technical journal, MIT Technologyy Review, as “Tr35 for outstanding youth innovators under 35 years of age worldwide”.

张祥雨，2008年考入西安交通大学，2009年转专业进入软件工程专业学习，2012年取得软件工程学士学位，获得推荐免试资格在西安交大进行硕博连读，并入选西安交通大学与微软亚洲研究院博士生联合培养项目，师从孙剑博士和何恺明博士，于2017年取得博士学位，现任旷视科技研究院基础模型组负责人。2019年入选福布斯中国30岁以下精英榜。目前，张祥雨团队的研究方向包括高性能卷积网络设计，AutoML与自动化神经网络架构搜索，深度模型的裁剪与加速等。曾在CVPR/ICCV/ECCV/NIPS/TPAMI等顶级会议/期刊上发表论文20余篇，H-index 18，获CVPR2016最佳论文奖，并多次获得顶级视觉竞赛如ImageNet 2015、COCO 2015/2017/2018冠军。代表作包括ResNet/ShuffleNet v1/v2等，在业界得到广泛应用。

Zhang Xiangyang Rain, admitted to Xian Transport University in 2008, transferred to the software engineering profession in 2009, obtained a bachelor's degree in software engineering in 2012, obtained a recommended exemption from testing and completed a full-fledged reading in Xian, integrated into a joint development project between the University of Xian Transport and the Microsoft Asia Institute, and obtained a Ph.D. degree in 2017 from Dr. Sun and Dr. Ho Keoming, who is currently the head of the basic model team of the Institute of Psychiatry Science and Technology. He-index 18 was selected in 2019, received the CVPR 2016 Award for Best Paper in China, and received several top-level visual competitions such as ImageNet 2015, COCO2117/2018.

龚怡宏，视觉信息处理国家工程实验室副主任、IEEE Fellow,研究领域包括机器学习、模式识别、多媒体内容分析等。在日本东京大学获电气电子工学学士、硕士、博士学位。毕业后，先后在南洋理工大学、卡耐基梅隆大学计算机学院任教，曾任NEC中国研究院首席科学家。2012年4月，龚怡宏全职受聘于西安交大。2019年4月起任西安交大软件学院院长。研究领域包括机器学习、模式识别、多媒体内容分析等，在相关领域发表论文200多篇，H-index 62。

Yong Yihong, Deputy Director of the National Engineering Laboratory for Visual Information Processing, IEEE Fellow, has been employed in the fields of machine learning, model recognition, multimedia content analysis, and so forth. Bachelor of Arts in Electrical and Electronics, Master's degree, doctoral degree, etc., was awarded at the University of Tokyo, Japan. After graduating, he was taught at the University of Technology in the South Ocean, at the Faculty of Computer Sciences of Carnegie Mellon University, and was a leading scientist at the NEC Chinese Academy.

此外，西安交大人工智能和自动控制学科培养的杰出人才还有：

In addition, the following are among the outstanding talent developed by Xian in the field of artificial intelligence and auto-control:

汪涛，1994—1997年就读于西安交大自动控制专业，获硕士学位。华为常务董事、产品投资委员会主任，17名董事之一。1997年加入华为，历任无线研发经理、UMTS国际产品行销副总裁、欧洲片区产品行销总裁、华为意大利&瑞士子公司总经理、无线网络产品线总裁、网络产品线总裁、产品与解决方案总裁等职务。现任产品投资评审委员会主任、ICT战略与Marketing总裁、ICT基础设施业务管理委员会副主任。

Wangtao, 1994-1997, with a master's degree in major auto-control in Xian, China is a Managing Director, Director of the Product Investment Committee, and one of 17 directors. Joined China in 1997, it was a former Wireless Research and Development Manager, Vice-President of the UMTS International Product Marketing, Managing Director of the Eurozone Product Marketing, Managing Director of the Wireless Web Products Line, President of the Web Products Line, President of the Product Lines, and President of Products and Solutions.

楚庆，1985—1989年就读于西安交大电气自动化专业，获工学学士学位。1996年毕业于西安交大模式识别与智能控制专业，获硕士学位。现任紫光展锐董事、CEO，曾任任华为公司战略与技术副总裁、海思半导体首席战略官。紫光展锐是我国集成电路设计产业的龙头企业。楚庆是移动通信和微电子多个重要领域的产业和技术开创者，曾创办和带领多支手机芯片团队，发布中国第一套手机芯片（CDMA）、最早的TD-SCDMA手机芯片、中国第一套WCDMA手机芯片，是中国首个量产GSM基站的主要技术负责人之一，是全球宽带软件无线电基站技术的主要开创者，是全球首个广域物联网标准NB-IOT的主要发起人和产业推动者。

Chu Qing, 1985-1989, took a bachelor's degree in engineering in major electrical automation in Xian, where he graduated in 1996 from the master's degree in model recognition and smart control in Xi'an. The current director of the Purple Exhibition, CEO, was formerly China's Vice-President of Corporate Strategy and Technology and Chief Strategic Officer of the Heath Semiconductor. The Purple Show was the lead in the country's integrated circuit design industry. Chu Qing, an industrial and technological pioneer in a number of important areas of mobile communications and microelectronics, created and led a multi-phone chip team, released China's first mobile phone chip (CMMA), the first TD-SCDMA cell chip, the first WDCMA mobile chip in China, one of China's first generation of technology for the GSM-based station, the main pioneer in technology for the Global Broadband Software Radio Base, and the main initiator and industrial promoter of the first wide area network standard NB-IOT worldwide.

张彤，信号处理、集成电路和存储系统领域著名学者。1995年本科、1998研究生毕业于西安交大，分别获学士、硕士学位。2002年在明尼苏达大学取得博士学位。随后加入伦斯勒理工学院任教，现为该学院电气、计算机和系统工程系教授。他目前专注于计算机系统设计、以数据为中心的异构计算等领域。2020年，因对数据存储的系统设计和VLSI实现的贡献当选IEEE Fellow。

Zhang Chang, a leading scholar in signal processing, integrated circuits and storage systems. Graduated in 1995 in Xian, with a bachelor's degree and a master's degree, respectively. Received a doctorate from the University of Minnesota in 2002. Joined the Faculty of Technology in Lensler and is now a professor at the Faculty of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering. He is currently focusing on areas such as computer system design, data-centred assiology. In 2020, IEEE Fellow was elected for his contribution to the design of the data storage system and VLSI realization.

冯汉平，1997年毕业于西安交通大学自动控制专业，获工学学士学位，2000年获西安交大系统工程专业工学硕士学位，2003年获美国马萨诸塞大学电子与计算机工程博士学位。曾担任Google（美国）资深软件工程师、 Google（中国）技术总监、谷歌（中国）无线和Android团队技术负责人，高德技术副总裁，凯立德首席技术官。现为宽凳科技联合创始人兼CTO。

Von Hamping graduated from the Auto-Control programme at the University of Xian Transport in 1997 and obtained a bachelor's degree in engineering at the University of Xi'an in 2000, a master's degree in engineering in major systems engineering and a doctorate in electronics and computer engineering at the University of Massachusetts in the United States in 2003. He was a senior software engineer at Google (United States), Director General of Technology at Google (China), Technical Director of Google Wireless (China) and Android Team, Vice-President of Gold Technology, and Chief Technical Officer at Khalid. He is now a co-founder of Broads and Science and Co-founder of the CTO.

李卓，1998毕业于西安交通大学自动控制专业，获学士学位。2001年毕业于西安交通大学检测技术与自动化装置专业，获硕士学位。2005年毕业于德州A&M大学，获计算机工程博士学位。现任全球最大的EDA软件提供商美国Cadence Design Systems 研发总监，IEEE计算机辅助设计期刊副主编，设计自动化大会（DAC）执委及Designer Track 主席。2017年因在集成电路物理综合和建模方面的贡献当选IEEE Fellow。

Lee Joo, a graduate in auto-control at the University of Xian Transport, in 1998 and a bachelor's degree. Graduated in detection technology and automated devices at the University of Xian, with a master's degree in 2001. Graduated in 2005 from the University of A&M, Texas, with a doctorate in computer engineering. IEE Fellow was elected in 2017 for his contribution to the integration and modelling of integrated circuit physics in the world's largest provider of EDA software, Cadence Design Systems, Associate Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Computer-Aided Design Journal, Executive Board of the Design Automation Congress (DAC) and Chair of Designer Track.

华刚，1999年毕业于西安交通大学电信学院，获学士学位。2002年在西安交大模式识别与智能系统研究所获得硕士学位。2006年在美国西北大学获得电气与计算机工程博士学位。华刚博士先后在 IBM、诺基亚任职，2015 年，加入微软亚洲研究院，任微软研究院首席研究员。2016年获选IAPR Fellow 和ACM Distinguished Member。2018年当选IEEE Fellow。他的研究重点是计算机视觉、模式识别、机器学习，人工智能，和机器人，及相关技术在云和移动智能领域的创新应用。他在2008年创立和奠基了微软的人脸识别引擎，现在已发展成为微软认知服务（Cognitive Services）中的人脸识别应用程序接口（Face API）。现为便利蜂副总裁暨首席科学家。

In 2016, IAPR Fellow and ACM Distinguished Member were selected. He was elected IEE Fellow in 2018. His research focuses on computer visualization, model recognition, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and robotics, as well as innovative applications of related technologies in cloud and mobile intelligence. In 2008, he created and built a Microsoft human face recognition engine, which has now evolved into a human face recognition application (Face API) in Microsoft.

付昀，美国东北大学电子与计算机工程系教授。2001年获西安交大信息工程专业学士学位，2004年获西安交大模式识别与智能系统专业硕士学位，同年赴美国伊利诺伊大学-厄本那香槟分校（UIUC）攻读博士学位，2008年获得电子与计算机工程方向博士学位。他的主要研究方向是机器学习和计算智能的跨学科研究，大数据挖掘、计算机视觉、模式识别、信息物理系统。他是IEEE Fellow、OSA Felow、SPIE Fellow、IAPR Fellow、ACM Life Distinguished Member。

Professor, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Northeast University of the United States. Bachelor of Arts degree in Big Information Engineering, 2001 from Xian; Master of Arts in Model Identification and Smart Systems, 2004 from Xian; Doctor of Arts, 2008 from UIUC, University of Illinois, United States; Doctor of Electronics and Computer Engineering Directions. His main research orientation is in interdisciplinary research on machine learning and computing intelligence, big data mining, computer visualization, mode recognition, information physics systems. He is IEE Fellow, OSA Felow, SPIE Fillow, IAPR Filllow, ACM Life Distinguished Member.

人工智能班，邀你共创未来

Artificial intelligence class, inviting you to create the future.

为适应国家人工智能发展战略，紧抓相关学科发展机遇，加速培养人工智能领域拔尖创新人才，2018年，西安交大正式创办人工智能试验班。

In keeping with the National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligents, the development of relevant disciplines is being pursued in order to accelerate the development of skilled innovators in the field of Artificial Intelligence. In 2018, Xiaan officially launched a pilot course on Artificial Intelligence.

人工智能试验班旨在为中国在21世纪抢占科技、特别是人工智能领域制高点奠定人才基础。西安交大人工智能试验班将与微软亚洲研究院、腾讯公司、华为公司紧密合作，深度融合，同时，也将打造与世界一流大学相接轨的培养方案，包括课程体系和实验实训等基本的能力训练环节。人工智能试验班的培养也将与卡耐基梅隆大学、佐治亚理工学院、荷兰莱顿大学进行合作。

The AI pilot course is designed to lay the foundation for China’s mastery of science and technology in the twenty-first century, especially in the field of AI. The AI pilot course will be closely integrated with Microsoft Asia Institute, Tetsu Corporation, and Hua.

在课程设置上，人工智能班充分借鉴了国外大学的相关课程，包括斯坦福大学、加州理工伯克利分校等；在课程设置的理念上，强调“少而精”，注重课程学习的深度，通过讲授基本知识锻炼学习能力与思维方法，让学生拥有自主学习和知识创造的空间；在教学方式上，试验班采取小班教学，强化课堂互动，增加小组学习、开放式实验与问题研讨，培养学生表达能力、发现问题能力和学术判断力。

In the curriculum, the AI class draws fully on relevant courses at universities abroad, including Stanford University, California Polytechnic Berkeley, etc.; in the philosophy of the curriculum, emphasis is placed on “less and better”, focusing on the depth of course learning and giving students a space for self-learning and knowledge creation through the teaching of basic knowledge and learning skills and thinking methods; and in the teaching style, the pilot class uses small classes to enhance classroom interaction, increase group learning, open-ended experiments and problem studies, and develop students' ability to express themselves, identify problems and academic judgement.

2019年1月，西安交大正式成立人工智能学院，首任院长由旷视科技首席科学家、旷视研究院院长孙剑担任，祈愿为培养人工智能领域一流的工程师、科学家、企业家提供优质平台和师资，成为西安交通大学人工智能领域高速发展的新引擎。而“人工智能本科专业课程设置”按课程群分类设置，包括通识教育、数学与统计、科学与工程、人工智能、计算机科学、机器人等11个课程群，共开设64门课程，其中必修课程41门、选修课程23门 (完成所需学分需选修其中12门)。

In January 2019, Xi'an inaugurated the Institute of Artificial Intelligence, the first director of which was headed by the Chief Scientist of Science and Technology, the Dean of the Institute of Visualization, Sun Sword, who offered high-quality platforms and teachers for the development of leading engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs in the field of artificial intelligence and became a new engine for rapid development in the field of artificial intelligence at the University of Xi'an. The “Athletic Smart Undergraduate Curriculum” was organized by group of courses, including 11 courses in general education, mathematics and statistics, science and engineering, artificial intelligence, computer science, robots, etc., and offered a total of 64 courses, of which 41 were mandatory and 23 were optional (of which 12 were required to complete the required credits).

2019年9月，院士郑南宁主编的新书《人工智能本科专业知识体系与课程设置》发布。从2017年开始，经历两年多的深入研讨和推敲，借鉴国际一流大学人工智能教育最新知识体系和培养理念，最终形成了人工智能本科专业知识体系中的人工智能核心、数学与统计、科学与工程、计算机科学与技术、认知与神经科学、先进机器人技术、人工智能与社会、人工智能工具与平台等八大课程群计37门课程，其中必修25门、选修12门（完成所需学分须选修其中7门）。在实践方面，还专门设置了“专业综合性实验”课程群，培养学生综合运用所学知识动手解决实际问题的能力，使学生培养达到“脑”与“手”相结合的目标。

In September 2019, a new book, The System of Artificial Intelligent Expertise and Curriculum, was published by the Academy Master Jung Nanning. Since 2017, it has undergone more than two years of in-depth research and refinement, drawing on the latest knowledge systems and culture concepts of artificial intelligence education at international first-class universities. This has led to the creation of an artificial intelligence core, mathematics and statistics, science and engineering, computer science and technology, cognitive and neuroscience, advanced robotic technology, artificial intelligence and society, and artificial intelligence tools and platforms.

在八大课程群的具体课程设置中，新书围绕人工智能核心的课程，强调了科学、技术与工程学科交叉、相辅相成，内容设置立足当前、面向未来。其中，“数学与统计”课程群将现代科学技术的基础和工具“数学”以及人工智能目前发展阶段的基本工具“统计学”囊括在内；“科学与工程”课程群包罗了基于实验的基础科学“物理学”以及信息学科的工程技术基础——电子电路、数字与控制系统等；而“计算机科学与技术”课程群提炼了计算机学科核心的程序设计、算法与理论、体系结构等内容。以上三个课程群作为“专业基础课程群”，将为人工智能的专业学习打下坚实的基础。

In the specific curriculum of the eight subject groups, the new book focuses on the core of artificial intelligence, emphasizing that science, technology and engineering are cross-cutting, complementary, content-based and future-oriented. Among these, the “Mathematics and Statistics” group includes the “mathematics” of the foundations and tools of modern science and technology and the “statistics” of the basic tools at the current stage of the development of artificial intelligence; the “science and engineering” group covers the engineering and technological foundations of the basic science based on experiments — electronic circuits, digital and control systems, etc. — and the “computer science and technology” cluster provides a sound basis for the professional learning of artificial intelligence.

什么样的人适合念“人工智能”？西安交大人工智能学院孙宏滨教授表示：“在人才选拔和评价方面，教授团队意见非常统一和明确——要把兴趣、能力与潜力作为选拔与评价的重点。兴趣是最好的老师。”同时，除高考招生外，入校后，西安交大人工智能班还会面向全校理工科新生再选拔一部分学生。

What kind of person is suitable for reading “Alimental Intelligence”? Professor Sun Hongbin of the Siam School of Artificial Intelligence said: “In terms of talent selection and evaluation, the professor's team is very unified and clear - interest, competence and potential are the focus of selection and evaluation. Interest is the best teacher.” Meanwhile, after admission, the Xian class of artificial intelligence is also open to new students in science and technology throughout the school.

无人驾驶的前夜，人工智能的黎明，时代呼唤人工智能领域的科研英雄！西安交大、人工智能学院、人工智能与机器人研究所，邀你加入这场伟大征程，共创AI新纪元！

On the eve of the unmanned night, the dawn of artificial intelligence, the time calls for a scientific hero in the field of artificial intelligence! Xian, the Academy of Artificial Intelligence, the Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robot Research invited you to join this great journey to create the new era of AI!

素材来源：西安交通大学官微、西安交通大学招生办官微

Source: University of Xi'an, University of Xi'an, University of Xi'an, University of Xi'an, University of Xi'an.

世界名校的教育是怎样的？

What about education in the world's famous schools?

世界顶级教育正在发生哪些变化？

What are the changes taking place in the world's top levels of education?

教育的目的是什么？

What is the purpose of education?

获得知识？掌握技能？取得成功？

Acquiring knowledge, mastering skills, success?

赢得尊重？享受乐趣？

Winn respect? Have fun?

或者，还有更多……

Or, there's more...

今天要带你一起来到一所名声显赫的

Today we're going to bring you to a famous one.

全球顶尖大学

Top universities around the world

它就是——哈佛大学

It's Harvard.

这所大学也许你觉得已经如雷贯耳了

This university may feel like a thunderbolt to you.

但你知道这所大学“优秀”背后的真正秘诀吗

But do you know the real secret behind this college's "excellent"?

现在就带你了解一下不一样的哈佛

I'll show you a different Harvard now.

哈佛被公认为是当今世界最顶尖的高等教育及研究机构之一。

Harvard is recognized as one of the most advanced institutions of higher education and research in the world today.

截止至2018年10月，哈佛大学共培养了8位美国总统，158位诺贝尔奖得主、18位菲尔兹奖得主。同时在2019年，哈佛大学位列世界大学学术排名世界第一、USNews世界大学排名世界第一。

By October 2018, Harvard University had trained eight United States presidents, 158 Nobel laureates, and 18 Fields laureates. In 2019, Harvard University was ranked first in the world and the USNews World University in the world.

2019年哈佛大学申请人数39041/人

39041 applications from Harvard University in 2019

录取2037/人

2037 admissions

2020届录取率：5.2%

Rate of admission in 2020: 5.2%

作为国际知名学府，哈佛大学可以说人人都想挤破头

As an internationally renowned institution, Harvard University can say that everyone wants to crack their heads.

你以为的哈佛是这样的……

What do you think of Harvard?

随便走在路上都是妥妥的学霸

You know, walking around is a good school boy.

吃饭也在读书的学霸

He's a student at school.

为了读书废寝忘食

I forgot to go to school.

然鹅

Goose.

事实上是

Actually, it is.

......

在哈佛大学唯一通宵开放的图书馆Lamont Library内，凌晨4点半还学习的人，基本上是手指头都数的出来。

In the only overnight library open at Harvard University, Lamont Library, those who studied at 4:30 a.m. basically counted their fingers.

哈佛学子从来不以“刷夜”为荣

Harvard's never been proud of "brushing the night."

熬夜与勤奋也从来不等同

Sleeping through the night is never the same as working hard.

在哈佛，崇尚的是“学习的效率”

At Harvard, it's about the efficiency of learning.

在哈佛大学注重学生的发展特质中，学习的欲望及学习的主动性，展现出了哈佛所注重培养的学习特质。

In Harvard University's emphasis on the development qualities of students, the desire to learn and the initiative to learn demonstrate the learning qualities that Harvard values.

在哈佛高材生的学习生活中，学习看书上课写论文，也是一项必不可少的项目﹐但是这些东西在他们一周的生活中，只占用了二三十个小时。也就是说，按照一周5天上课来算，平均每天也只需要学习6个小时左右。

Learning to read and write papers is also an essential part of Harvard students’ learning life, but it takes them only 20 or 30 hours a week. That is, five days a week, on average, it takes about six hours a day.

为什么哈佛的学习时间可以这么短？

Why does Harvard study so short?

这是因为哈佛的经典教学法

It's because of Harvard's classic pedagogy.

——启发教育法

- Inspired the Education Act

启发教育法是一种在教授指导下的学生“自我教育”。

The Pedagogic Act is a “self-education” for students guided by a professor.

在哈佛学习的学生有很大的自由度，自由选课，从事不同的研究，使学生采用热情的方式来学习，学校提供给学生的是研究课题、方向和大量的信息资源，指导学生做出自己的决定并保持足够的目标持续学习。

Students studying at Harvard have a great deal of freedom, freedom to choose courses, different studies, a passionate approach to learning, and schools provide students with research topics, directions and a great deal of information resources to guide students in making their own decisions and maintaining adequate goals for continuous learning.

有人这样形容哈佛大学的启发教育法：

This is a description of Harvard University's inspirational education law:

“大部分学校的教授是在岸上教学生怎样游泳或是直接跳进水里和学生一起游泳。而哈佛大学的教授是把学生直接扔进水里，让他自己学游泳。

“Most of the school professors teach students on shore how to swim, or jump into the water with them. The professor at Harvard University throws students directly into the water to teach themselves how to swim.

在哈佛大学教授不会告诉学生答案

Professors at Harvard don't tell students the answers.

不会教导学生方法

They don't teach students how to do it.

那学生如何自主保持高度学习？

How do students keep their studies high on their own?

并且保持高质量的学习成果？

And maintain high-quality learning outcomes?

这个答案哈佛商学院工商管理系的柯比教授（W·C·Kriby）这样说：

This answer is from Professor W.C. Kriby of Business Administration, Harvard Business School, who says:

“ 比起勤奋，学习力才能让孩子真正提升学习效率，成为学习的主人。”

“The ability to learn is more effective than hard work, so that children can truly become the masters of learning.”

他介绍了“学习力”这个概念：

He introduced the concept of “learning power”:

一种学习方法和解决问题的方式，它让孩子学会学习、在接受知识的基础上有自己的独到见解、独立地思考问题，并发挥自身的创造力来解决问题。

A way of learning and solving problems is to teach children to learn, to have their own insights on the basis of the knowledge they receive, to think independently of the problem and to use their creativity to solve the problem.

用传统死记硬背的方法去学习，是一个迅速减值的过程；而以学习力去获取知识，则是不断增值的过程。

Learning by traditional dead-end hard-back methods is a rapid process of impairment; learning to acquire knowledge is an ongoing process of value-added.

学习力是转化知识的基本能力

Learning is the basic ability to transform knowledge.

为什么有的人学习很慢、而有的人学什么都很快？为什么有的人天天跟自己死磕、但收效甚微；而有的人每隔一段时间都会取得更多成就？其中的秘诀，也许并不是因为他们掌握了不为人知的秘密，而是学习力的不同。

Why are some people slow to learn, and others quick to learn? Why are some people dying with themselves every day, with little effect, and others doing more every once in a while? Perhaps the secret is not that they have hidden secrets, but that they have different learning abilities.

现今面对一个信息快速爆炸的时代，学习力能快速获取知识并且进行知识转化，在知识经济社会，一个人的学习力将决定你未来的发展。如今不少的研究机构针对学习力都在进行专门的研究，是国际上最活跃的研究领域之一。

In an era of rapid information explosion in which learning can quickly acquire and transform knowledge, one’s ability to learn will determine your future development in a knowledge-based society. A number of research institutions are now conducting specialized research on learning power, one of the most active research areas in the world.

1963年SOI学习力机构成立

The SOI Learning Institute was established in 1963.

1963年，美国知名心理学家吉尔福特的学生，玛莉.麦克尔在美国成立了SOI机构，SOI机构着重分析研究了与学校学科学习密切相关的智力能力，据此开发出提高小、中学生学习能力的SOI-IPP项目。学生通过SOI学习能力测验（CR测验和L测验），得到智力能力的发展状况，根据分析找出学习问题的根本原因，制定出个性化的学习能力训练方案，改善和提高学生的弱项能力，从而彻底解决学生的学习问题。

In 1963, a leading American psychologist, Gilford, student, Mary Michael, founded SOI in the United States, which focused on researching intellectual abilities closely related to school studies, developed the SOI-IP project to improve the learning abilities of young and secondary students. Through the SOI Learning Competency Test (CR and L) students were provided with the state of their intellectual development and, on the basis of the analysis, individualized learning skills training programmes were developed to identify the root causes of learning problems, improve and improve students’ weak capabilities, thus thoroughly addressing their learning problems.

1975年SOI机构与加州大学合作成立SOI大学﹐至今在全世界20多个国家设有分支机构，应用遍布世界各国澳大利亚，加拿大，法国，意大利，日本，韩国，马来西亚，墨西哥，荷兰，新西兰，挪威，秘鲁，台湾，土耳其，美国，委内瑞拉，津巴布韦，中国……等等

In 1975, SOI established the University of California in cooperation with the University of California. To date, it has branches in more than 20 countries around the world and has applications in Australia, Canada, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Taiwan, Turkey, the United States, Venezuela, Zimbabwe, China, etc.

知识学习前先做好学习能力的预备

Be ready to learn before learning.

鲸智学程结合25年国内思维教育研发经验，认为思维能力准备是孩子在学校学习中所必备的基础能力，即学习能力的准备。学习能力是指孩子获取信息，加工和利用信息，分析和解决实际问题的能力。当进入学校进行系统的知识和技能的学习前，先做好学习能力的预备﹐并与知识交替进行大量的练习，用以强化孩子对知识和技能的掌握。只有通过完整的学习过程，不光是学科，孩子更获得融会贯通的能力。

With 25 years of experience in national thinking education and development, the whale mind curriculum considers that preparation for thinking is the basic ability necessary for a child to learn, i.e. to learn. Learning is the ability of a child to obtain information, to process and use information, and to analyse and solve practical problems.

哈佛大学前校长尼尔·鲁登斯坦曾说：

Neil Rudenstein, former principal of Harvard University, once said:

“从来没有一个时代，像今天这样需要不断地、随时随地、快速高效地学习。那种依靠在学校时学到的知识就可以应付一切的时代，已经一去不复返了。”

“There's never been an era, like today, where learning needs to be continuous, wherever, quickly and efficiently. The age when learning from school can cope with everything is gone.”

梁启超曾说："制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。少年强则国强，少年智则国智，少年富则国富，少年独立则国独立"。

Leung Qiang once said: & Quant; it is also the responsibility of Chinese teenagers who produce the future.

如今，越来越多的中国少年，用青春热血，为祖国的建设舍己奉身，用弱肩强志，扛起伟大的"中国梦"，用创新科技，向世界证明中国力量。

Today, more and more Chinese teenagers are using youth and blood to give themselves up for the construction of their homeland, taking up the great & quot with their weak shoulders; the Chinese dream & quot; and innovative technology to prove China's power to the world.

如此后浪们，真的了不起！

It's really amazing to have such an aftershock!

今天要聊一位95后天才少年，他14岁以669分考入中国科技大学，20岁在世界排名前五的麻省理工大学攻读博士，22岁成为影响世界的十大科学家，且荣居榜首，被美国称为"科技怪物"。

Today we are talking about a 95-year-old young man who, at the age of 14, is enrolled in the Chinese University of Science and Technology at 669; 20 years of age is studying for a PhD at the top five MITs in the world; 22 years of age is the top 10 scientists in the world; and he is on the top of the list, known as &quat; the technological monster & quot;

他叫曹原！

His name is Cao Yuan!

"科学怪咖"曹原

&quat; Frankenstein &quat; Cao Yuan

1996年，曹原出生在四川成都，是一名标准的95后孩子，对新鲜的事物有着狂热的追求。他喜欢思考，表达直接，个性也很"独特"。

In 1996, Tsao was born in Chengdu, Sichuan, a standard post-95 child, with a passionate pursuit of new things. He likes to think, express directness, personality, uniqueness.

3岁时，曹原跟随父母迁居深圳，父母都是知识份子，他们对儿子的教育一直抱着"自由尊重"的态度，从来不打压孩子的天性。

At the age of three, Cao Hara followed his parents to Shenzhen, both of whom were intellectuals, who had always held in mind the education of their sons & quot; freedom and respect & quot; and attitude, which had never suppressed the child's natural nature.

曹原学说话很早，能连词成句之后，小家伙就像一本《十万个为什么》，总跟在妈妈后面，一直不停地问。一堆奇奇怪怪的问题不知道怎么就从他的小脑袋里飞出来。

When Tsao learned to speak early, he was like a book, "Why 100,000? ", after Mom, he kept asking questions. A bunch of weird questions came out of his little head somehow.

妈妈总是耐心地回答孩子的疑问，但也有被孩子问蒙的时候，于是她就认真查资料，用浅显的道理和孩子解释，从来不会敷衍了事。

Mother was always patient in answering the child's questions, but there were also times when the child was blinded, so she looked carefully at the information and explained it with light arguments and children, and never did anything.

曹原还是一个"拆家高手"，这一点让妈妈非常头疼。他特别喜欢拆家里的电子产品，像是旧手机，他会拿过来拆得七零八落，重新组装成一个全新的机器人。

Cao Hara is also a Quant; the Ripper & quot; it's a big headache for Mom. He particularly likes to open up his electronics, like old phones, and he's going to take it down and reassemble it into a completely new robot.

他还喜欢捣鼓计算机。8岁时就经常跑到深圳电子市场，买来一大堆电子元件拆卸安装，研究清楚其中的线路，才肯罢休。妈妈总是特别保护儿子的兴趣爱好，从来不阻止他。

He also likes to play with computers. He used to go to Shenzhen Electronics at the age of eight, buy a lot of electronic parts to disassemble and install, and study the circuits, and then stop. Mom always protects his son’s interests and never stops him.

学校里的曹原，是同学们眼中的"天才"。他的学习成绩年年第一，别人写习题时，他在看科学类课外书，别人埋头答卷时，他早早交卷回家拆电脑。

Tsao Hara, in the school, is the student's idea of "quat"; "genius" and "quat". When he's the first year of his studies, when he's writing a subject, when he's reading an extra-scientific book, and when he's giving answers, he's going home early to open a computer.

11岁时候，因为天赋异禀、智商超群，曹原被选入深圳耀华实验小学超常班，全校只有3个孩子入选，非常难考。而为了培养这3个孩子，曾在中科大任教超过20年的副校长朱源直接任教，同时配备6个顶尖的老师，共同授课。

At the age of 11, as a result of his gifted talent and his intellectual talent, Cao Hara was selected for an exceptional class at the Shenzhen Yihua Experimental Primary School, where only three children were selected, which is very difficult. In order to raise these three children, Chu was taught directly by Vice-Chancellor Chu, who has been teaching for more than 20 years at the Central University, with six top teachers working together.

这期间，曹原对化学和物理产生了浓烈的兴趣，他又把实验室当成游乐场，整天乐不思蜀。朱源教授建议曹原妈妈，在家里为孩子配备一套特殊的学习环境。于是，曹原又拥有了一个在家的实验室。无论在哪里，他都可以快乐地徜徉在科学的世界里。

During this period, Cao Hara was very interested in chemistry and physics, and he used the lab as a playground, and he couldn't stop thinking about it. Professor Zhugen suggested that Cao Hara's mother should have a special learning environment for his children at home. So Cao Hara had another home lab. He could be happy in the world of science wherever he was.

彼时，一堂物理课上，曹原的老师黄佳堂告诉他，金属的电阻率会随温度的降低而降低，当温度趋于绝对零度，就会呈现一种超导状态。

In a physics class, Huang Jia-chan, a teacher from Cao-hara, told him that the electrical resistance rate of the metal would decrease as the temperature dropped and that when the temperature moved to an absolute zero, it would show a superconductive state.

如果谁能够在常温下发现这种材料，就可能颠覆世界。

Anyone who discovers such materials at constant temperatures could destabilize the world.

极爱挑战的曹原兴奋不已，他天天黏在老师身后，询问关于超导体的问题，然而黄佳堂也不知该怎么回答他，只能遗憾的告诉他："这是你们这一代人需要研究的问题，研究出来了，就能改变世界。"

The challenger Cao Hara is so excited that he asks questions about the superconductor after his teacher every day, but Huang Jia-Cang does not know how to answer him, but regrets to tell him: &quat; this is a question that your generation needs to study, and that is something that can change the world. &quat;

从此，曹原的心里便种下一颗种子，这个颠覆世界的超级任务，正在等待英雄出现，他满怀希望地期待着。

Since then, Cao Hara has planted a seed in his heart, a super mission to destabilize the world that awaits the emergence of a hero who looks forward to it with hope.

中科大的"神话"

Central & quot; myths & quot;

在朱源教授的帮助下，仅仅不到3年的时间，他就完成了小学六年级、初中、高中所有课程学习。而面对外界惊讶的目光，曹原却不屑一顾地说："我只是跳过了中学里一些无聊的东西。"

In less than three years, with the help of Professor Zhugen, he completed all the subjects of the sixth grade of primary school, the lower secondary school, and the upper secondary school. In the face of surprise, Tsao said: &quat; I just skip some boring things in secondary school. & the lower secondary school;

14岁那年，曹原参加了高考，并以高分669分的优异成绩被中科大少年班录取，而曹原的年龄比少年班的平均年龄还小2岁。

At the age of 14, Cao Yuan took the high school exam and was admitted to the junior and senior secondary classes with a high score of 669, whereas Cao Yuan was two years younger than the average age of the juvenile classes.

进入智商超群的少年班，尽管年纪是班里最小的，但是曹原的表现却丝毫不逊色。因为在物理方面表现出惊人的天赋，他被入选"严济慈物理英才班"，俨然就是"天才中的天才"。

To enter the IQ class, even though it is the youngest in the class, Cao Hara has done nothing less. Because of his amazing physical talent, he has been elected & quot; Quality Physics & Quot; Quant; Quot; Genius & Quot;

同学们的眼中，他是叱咤校园的"物理神童"，头顶光环的"上帝之子"。别人努力花好几年时间研究的课题，曹原短短3个月就能搞定。剩余的时间，他用于研究更加艰深的物理方向。

In the eyes of the classmates, he's the Quant; the Physician Boy & Quot; the Quant of the radiant ring; the Son of God & Quot; and the subjects that others have been working on for years, and Cao Hara can do it in just three months. The rest of the time, he's used to study more difficult physical directions.

2012年，作为首批交流生，他被中科大派去美国密歇根大学。2013年6月，他获得中科大"顶尖海外交流奖学金"，同时被牛津大学选中，受邀做两个月的科研实践。

In 2012, as his first exchange student, he was sent to the University of Michigan in the United States. In June 2013, he received a Chinese & quot; a top overseas exchange scholarship & quot; and was selected by Oxford University for two months of scientific practice.

中科大的"科研杀手"，人称"丁老怪"的丁泽军教授，向来以"极端严格"闻名学术圈，对手下的学生更是吝啬赞美。他唯独谈到曹原时，脸上会有一抹浅笑，闷闷一句"很聪明的家伙"。

Central & Quant; Scientific Killer & quot; known as & Quant; Professor of the Ding Ze Army, always with & Quot; extremely strict & quot; renowned academic circles, even more acclaiming to the students under his command. When he only talks about Cao-hara, there will be a smile on his face and a treacherous & quot; a smart guy & quot;

而中科大的物理学院院长曾长淦，从来不掩饰对曹原的喜欢。他无论带哪个班级，都喜欢在班上一顿猛夸曹原。更是以是他的物理老师为傲：我实验室里混过的娃，当然很厉害！

And the Dean of the Chinese Academy of Physics, who never pretended to like Cao-hara. He liked to brag about Cao-hara in his class. And he was proud of his Physics teacher: of course, the children I was in the lab.

2014年，曹原本科毕业，并获得中科大最高荣誉"郭沫若奖学金"。19岁时，曹原又顺势攻读了研究生。20岁时，导师建议曹原去麻省理工继续攻读博士学位，还为他写了推荐信。

At the age of 19, Tsao went on to graduate school. At the age of 20, the mentor advised Tsao to go to MIT to continue his doctorate and wrote a letter of recommendation for him.

就此，曹原成为人才辈出的中科大难以超越的"神话"。甚至，有人将他和第一位获得"麦克阿瑟天才奖"的华人科学家庄小威做对比，其才智不输庄小威。

To this end, Cao Hara has become a Chinese scientist who can't get over it; myths & quot; and even someone who compares him with the next one who gets the & quot; the MacArthur genius & quot; and the Chinese scientist who doesn't lose his talent.

此时，所有静待曹原大展神威，震惊天下了。

At this point, all those who wait for Cao Yuan have been shocked.

破解困扰世界百年的难题

Breaking the 100-year-old dilemma of the world.

进入世界顶尖的麻省理工大学之后，曹原反倒比国内学习更加努力刻苦，他自知代表中国走出去的，就不能丢祖国的脸。

After entering the world's top MIT university, Cao Hara tried harder than studying at home, knowing that he represented China and could not be ashamed of his country.

但是，开始阶段的学习并没有那么顺利，在错失自己喜欢的研究方向之后，曹原一度有些沮丧。强打着精神后，很快曹原进入下一个研究实验。一次偶然的发现，曹原得到了一项意外的实验结果，曹原激动不已。

However, learning at the beginning was not as successful as it was, and Tsao was a bit frustrated after losing the direction that he liked. When he was strong, Cao Hara quickly entered the next study experiment. One accidental discovery was that Cao Hara had an unexpected experiment, and Tsao was excited.

然而，经过6个月反复多次的论证和复验后，才发现这次的成果只是一次巧合。心灰意冷的曹原，把自己锁在公寓里，3天闭门不出。后来，曹原又满血复活，"我没有什么做不到，干就完事了"。

However, after six months of repeated arguments and repetitions, it was only a coincidence that the result was discovered. The heartless Cao Yuan locked himself in his apartment and kept his door shut for three days. Then Cao Yuan came back to life with blood, &quat; nothing I couldn't do, and it was done.

接下来，曹原的研究方向是石墨烯的超导电性，这个中学时代就曾困惑他很多年的问题。这次，他要当一回英雄，一定要找到答案。

And then Cao Hara's study is about the superconductiveness of graphite, which was confused with his questions for many years in high school. This time, he's going to be a hero, and he's going to have to find an answer.

在世界能源上，主要以风能、水能和太阳能等自然资源转化产生的电能为主，它们为人类生活供给所需要的能源。然而，由于传输材料（金属合金类材料）的原因，有7%的能源热在电力传输过程损耗掉，造成所有能源公司超过千亿资金的损失，是一个世界急于解决的大难题。

In the world’s energy sector, power from the transformation of natural resources, mainly wind, hydro, and solar, is the main source of energy for human life. However, the loss of 7 per cent of energy heat in the electricity transmission process, resulting in the loss of more than 100 billion dollars in all energy companies, is a major challenge for the world.

1911年，荷兰物理学家卡末林昂内斯发现了一种能够将电子损失降到0的传输材质，命名为"超导体"。因为这样发现，昂内斯荣获诺贝尔奖。

In 1911, Dutch physicist Camerlenones discovered a transfer material that could reduce electronic losses to zero, named &quat; superconductor & quot; as a result, Anders was awarded the Nobel Prize.

然而，超导体要在冷却至绝对零度（也就是零下273摄氏度）的环境下，才能实现导电。这对于现实来说，是不可能实现的。

However, superconductors can only conduct electricity in an environment that cools to absolutely zero (i.e. 273 degrees below zero). This is not possible in reality.

此后107年里，所有的科学家们都在夜以继日的研究解决这一问题的方法。

Over the next 107 years, all scientists have been studying ways to address this problem day after day.

对于这一研究方向，很多科学家不敢轻易尝试。曹原迎难而上，接住烫手山芋，凭借一股对科学的较真精神，激励自己往前走。

A lot of scientists are afraid to try this direction. Cao Hara has come up, caught the hot potato, inspired himself to move forward with a more true spirit of science.

曹原发现，当叠在一起的两层石墨烯彼此之间发生轻微偏移的时候，按照他的理论推测，材料会发生剧变，有可能实现超导体性能。

Cao Yuan found that when the two layers of graphite that were stacked together had a slight deviation between each other, his theory suggests that the materials were subject to dramatic changes and that it was possible to achieve superconductor performance.

为了验证自己这一理论的正确性，曹原住在实验室里做研究，废寝忘食。在极寒和高温的条件下，曹原一次又一次的挑战自己，整个人瘦了一大半，干瘪的身体里只有眼睛是清亮的。

In order to verify the validity of this theory, Cao Hara lives in a laboratory to study and forget. In extreme cold and hot conditions, Cao Yuan challenges himself again and again. The whole body is thin and only eyes are bright.

最终，曹原找到了"魔鬼角度"。当他将两层重叠的石墨烯角度旋转为1.1度时，奇迹发生了，置身特殊电场的两层石墨烯，成为超导体，电子在其间畅行无阻。

At the end of the day, Cao Yuan found & quot; Devil's angle & quot;. When he rotated the two overlapping graphite angles to 1.1 degrees, a miracle occurred when two layers of graphite in a special electric field became superconductors, and the electron flowed undisrupted between them.

得到这一实验结果，曹原激动不已。为了保证科学的严谨性和正确性，曹原花费7个月不断打磨实验，验证结果，最终确定此结论为有效。

In order to ensure the rigour and correctness of the science, Cao Yuan spent seven months grinding the experiment to verify the results and finally determine the validity of the conclusion.

至此，困扰世界超过百年的科学魔咒，终于被打破。曹原也成为打开世界大门的超级英雄，这项研究结果将大大提速世界能源的建设，为全人类造福。

As a result, the scientific spell that has plagued the world for more than a century has finally been broken. Cao Hara has also become a superhero who has opened the world’s doors, and the results of this research will go a long way towards accelerating the construction of world energy for the benefit of all humanity.

我的中国心

My Chinese heart.

随后，曹原将自己的研究成果整理成论文，向世界三大科学杂志之一的《自然》投稿。要知道，《自然》、《科学》和《细胞》是世界顶尖且权威的科学杂志，每年有数以万计的科学家投稿，而通过率却仅有10%。

Tsao-hara then folds his research into a paper, contributing to Nature, one of the world’s three major scientific journals. You know, Nature, Science, and Cells are the world’s leading and authoritative scientific journal, with tens of thousands of scientists contributing each year, compared to only 10% of the pass rate.

这三大刊物也成为世界科学家评选诺贝尔奖、竞选院士等最具实力的证明。2018年，年仅22岁的曹原，以第一作者的身份一次性连发2篇论文。曹原成为《自然》创建149年来最年轻的科学家，也占据当年年度科学家中的榜首之位。

In 2018, Tsao, a 22-year-old, published two papers in his capacity as the first author. Tsao was the youngest scientist in Nature's 149-year-old, and also ranked first among scientists in that year.

当这一发现公布于世界之后，震惊了整个科学界，人们不敢相信这是出自一位少年之手。很多著名的科学家都向中国科学家曹原表达了崇高的敬意，也感到无比兴奋。

When this discovery was published in the world, the entire scientific community was shocked, and one could not believe that it was a young man’s hand. Many eminent scientists paid a high tribute to Chinese scientist Cao Hara, and were so excited.

"针对这一发现，我们能做的事情实在是太多了。" 纽约哥伦比亚大学的物理学家科里·迪安表示，"我们现在掌握的机会，多到甚至不知道从何下手。"

&quat; there's so much we can do about it. &quat; Corly Dean, a physicist at Columbia University, New York, said, &quat; we now have so much opportunity, we don't even know where to start. &quat;

另一方面，曹原的这项发现为世界能源节省下超过千亿的资金，堪称最贵的一项发现。

On the other hand, Tsaohara's discovery, which saved the world's energy resources by more than 100 billion dollars, is one of the most valuable.

美国一眼相中曹原，立马向其抛出橄榄枝，允他美国绿卡，赐重金高薪，赏洋楼别墅，留曹原为美国效力。

At first sight, the United States threw an olive branch at him, promised him a green card, paid a high salary, paid for the beach house, and left Cao for the service of the United States.

然而面对如此诱惑，曹原不为所动，霸气地回应道：美国绿卡算什么？我是中国人，我要回国。

However, in the face of such temptation, Cao Hara is not moving, and hesitantly responds: What is the United States Green Card? I am Chinese, and I am going home.

曹原带着自己的研究成果回到了自己的母校。这个轰动全球的研究成果，恰巧成了他回馈给少年班40周年，最重磅的厚礼！

Cao Jun returned to his mother-school with his own research. This sensational global research happens to be his 40th anniversary back to his youth class.

9个月后，此项研究很快应用于生产生活中。以手机为例，华为最先使用石墨烯电池，手机的充电时间将缩短为16分钟的闪充。也正因为如此，华为的石墨烯电池技术就得到了空前的提升，并且也拥有了世界上最先进的电池技术。

Nine months later, the study will soon be applied to productive life. For example, in the case of mobile phones, where China is the first to use graphite batteries, mobile phones will be charged for a reduced flash time of 16 minutes. And that is why China's graphite battery technology has been upgraded to an unprecedented degree and has the most advanced battery technology in the world.

面对未来，曹原说："更好的消息还在后面，希望将更多的时间用来为中国科技创造更多的奇迹。"

Faced with the future, Cao Jun said: &quat; better news is still behind, hoping to devote more time to creating more miracles for Chinese technology. & Quot;

今年，24岁的曹原又一次在《自然》上发表一篇论文，这一次比上次的研究更近一步，被科学界称之为"中国潜在的最年轻的诺贝尔奖获得者"。

This year, again, 24-year-old Cao Yuan published a paper in Nature, this time one step closer to the previous study, known by the scientific community as &quat; China's potential youngest Nobel Laureate & Quot;

越是成功的人，越是懂得感恩。"树高千尺不忘根，人挪百丈不忘本"，爱国是每一个中国人铭记内心的信仰，践行一生的宗旨，到死方休。

The more successful they are, the more grateful they are. And the taller they are, the higher they are, the greater they are, the greater they are.

2018年9月18日，数字经济暨数字丝绸之路国际会议在杭州举行。 本次会议是浙江省人民政府主办的国内首个推动数字经济“一带一路”合作的高端平台，由浙江省发改委、杭州市人民政府、中国网络电视台承办，中央部委领导、各国数字经济主管部门、国内外研究机构、金融机构、数字经济合作对点城市以及知名企业等代表参加。

The International Conference on the Digital Economy and the Digital Silk Road, held in Hangzhou on 18 September 2018, was the first high-end domestic platform to promote digital economy “one-way” cooperation hosted by the People's Government of Zhejiang Province and hosted by the Zhejiang Provincial Development and Rehabilitation Commission, the Hangzhou Municipal People's Government, China Network Television, with the participation of representatives of central ministries, national digital economy authorities, national and international research institutions, financial institutions, digital economic cooperation counterparts and prominent enterprises.

在国家发改委高技术司指导下，国家信息中心信息化和产业发展部、国家发展和改革委员会经济研究所、清华大学公共管理学院、浙江省工业和信息化研究院、阿里研究院，在此次会议上联合发起成立了“数字经济论坛” （Digital Economy Forum，简称DEF）。“数字经济论坛”以“开放、连接、共创”为原则，旨在“搭平台、聚共识、谋发展”，通过紧密结合产业创新和治理实践，汇聚国际国内专家学者，共同研讨数字经济的前沿理论、发展趋势、面临问题和解决思路，努力为数字经济的普惠和可持续发展，做出积极的贡献。

Under the guidance of the High Technology Division of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Information and Industry Development of the National Information Centre, the Economic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Institute of Public Administration of Qinghua University, the Institute of Industry and Informatization of Zhejiang Province, and the Ali Research Institute jointly launched the Digital Economic Forum, known as DEF. The Digital Economy Forum is based on the principle of “openness, connectivity, co-creation” and aims at “platforms, consensus-building and development”, bringing together national and international experts and scholars working together on cutting-edge theories, trends, problems and solutions for the digital economy, and working to make a positive contribution to the inclusive and sustainable development of the digital economy through a close integration of industrial innovation and governance practices.

会上，新成立的“数字经济论坛”、阿里研究院和毕马威，联合发布了《2018全球数字经济发展指数》报告（以下简称“报告”）。全球数字经济发展指数覆盖150个国家和地区，通过数字基础设施、数字消费者、数字产业生态、数字公共服务、数字科研五大维度，刻画数字经济的水平、结构与发展路径。

At the conference, the newly established Digital Economy Forum, the Ali Institute and KPMG jointly published the Global Digital Economic Development Index 2018 (hereinafter referred to as the “Report”). The Global Digital Economic Development Index covers 150 countries and territories, depicting the level, structure and development path of the digital economy through digital infrastructure, digital consumers, digital industry ecology, digital public services, digital science five dimensions.

报告指出，未来泛互联网领域的重大技术趋势包涵，虚拟现实 (VR/AR)，智能机器人，人工智能，大数据，区块链等重要技术。同时报告指出，自2015 年以来，区块链技术开始有了落地的进展，金融领域的数字货币，是区块链技术的典型应用。未来5-10年将致力于实现在区块链计算效率和安全领域方面的突破。

The report states that major technological trends in the future in the area of trans-Internet, virtual reality (VR/AR), smart robots, artificial intelligence, big data, block chains, etc., are important technologies. At the same time, the report states that since 2015, block chain technology has begun to progress, and digital money in the financial sector is a typical application of block chain technology.

图说2：《2018全球数字经济发展指数》报告信息图

Figure 2: Information for the Global Digital Economic Development Index 2018 report

同时，报告还显示，美国、中国、英国、韩国、瑞典、挪威、日本、丹麦、新加坡、荷兰，分列2018全球数字经济发展指数前十名。基于150个国家和地区的数据分析，数字经济发展指数与人均GDP高度相关。全球前20名中，除中国以外，均为高收入国家。

At the same time, the report shows that the United States, China, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Korea, Sweden, Norway, Japan, Denmark, Singapore, and the Netherlands disaggregated the top 10 of the 2018 global index for digital economic development. Based on data analysis from 150 countries and territories, the index is highly correlated with per capita GDP.

中国在数字消费者分指数表现最为突出，排名全球第一。中国的数字消费者，不仅数量庞大，而且异常活跃。截至2017年12月，中国网民规模达7.72亿。在美国，电子商务用户渗透率达到50%仅用了14年时间，而中国仅用了9年时间。中国的数字化消费者催生了基于平台的社会化大协作，加速了供给侧改革，孕育了数字科研所必须的数据和场景资源，中国在数字产业生态和数字科研分指数均位居全球第二。

In the United States, it took only 14 years for e-commerce users to reach 50%, while in China it took only nine years. The digital consumers of China gave rise to platform-based socialization collaboration, accelerated supply-side reforms, and bred the data and landscape resources necessary for digital science, with China ranked second in the world in both the eco-ecological and digital science sub-indicators of the digital industry.

可见，中国在数字消费领域有着巨大的优势与潜力，而区块链、人工智能，大数据等信息技术，则是实现数字经济高速发展的重要武器

As can be seen, China has great advantages and potential in the field of digital consumption, while information technology such as block chains, artificial intelligence, big data, etc., is an important weapon for the rapid development of the digital economy.

本文来源： 金色财经 / 责任编辑：秦普岳 /

Source: Gold Finance / Responsible Editor: Qin Puyu /

来源：中国基金报

Source: China Foundation.

作者：泰勒

Author: Taylor

近日，久未出现在公众视野的华为CEO任正非，最近三天（7月29日至31日），去了四所高校：上海交通大学、复旦大学、南京大学、东南大学。

In the past three days (29-31 July), China, which has not been seen in the public domain, has gone to four institutions of higher learning: Shanghai Transport University, University of Gangdan, University of Nanjing and University of the Southeast.

在每所大学，任正非均与专家进行了座谈，讨论话题涉及校企深层合作，科研与产业的深度融合，培育高科技创新人才，基础研究和技术开发等。

At each university, the Executive and the Executive met with experts to discuss topics such as deep cooperation between schools, the integration of research and industry, the development of high-technology and innovative talent, and basic research and technological development.

据公开资料介绍，华为与上述四所高校一直有科研合作，涉及领域包括人工智能、新材料等。南京大学近年与华为共建校企联合实验室7家，其中专项联合实验室研究方向涵盖了人工智能、软件工程、声学技术、超构材料、半导体显示等领域；复旦大学2019年9月与华为签署战略合作协议，随后双方在新工科各领域开展科研人才生态合作。

According to public information, China has been cooperating in scientific research with the four above-mentioned universities in areas such as artificial intelligence, new materials, and so on. Seven joint laboratories have been set up in recent years with the University of Nanjing, covering areas such as artificial intelligence, software engineering, acoustic technology, superstructured materials, semiconductor displays.

任正非此行依然金句连连，在复旦大学，他说“未来我们拼什么，就是拼教育、拼人才。”，在交通大学，他说希望大学像“灯塔”，照亮自己，也照亮别人；在东南大学，任正非表示，要珍视每一个孩子，因为不知道哪个孩子会点燃世界的火花。

He said, “What we're going to do in the future is to do what we're going to do, we're going to do what we're going to do.” At the University of Transport, he said he wanted universities to be like “lighthouses”, to shine on themselves and on others, and at the University of South East, to say, to value every child, because he did not know which child would light the spark of the world.

在上海交大：希望大学像“灯塔”

In Shanghai, the University of Hope is like a lighthouse.

照亮自己也照亮别人

Light yourself up. Light yourself up.

任正非大学行的第一站是上海交通大学。

The first stop of the Institute is the Shanghai Transport University.

根据上海交通大学微信公众号信息：7月29日下午，任正非带队访问了上海交通大学。上海交大党委书记杨振斌，校长、中国工程院院士林忠钦在交大闵行校区转化医学中心会见了任正非一行。

According to the Shanghai Transport University's WikiLeaks Public Message: On the afternoon of 29 July, he took a team to Shanghai Traffic University. Yang Zhenbin, Secretary of the Shanghai Congress Party, was met by the Rector and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Jin-chung Lin, at the University's Conversion Medical Centre in Da Jin.

任正非回顾了华为公司“相信技术”“相信知识就是力量”坚持搞研发的发展历程，介绍了华为重视产学研结合、快速产业化的举措，与专家学者就科技创新的前沿性、长期性、广泛性作深入交流。同时表示，华为非常重视与大学的合作，希望能助力大学的老师做深入的研究，与老师分享行业趋势、工业界需求以及世界级难题，并尽快让成果在社会上得到应用。任正非表示，当前科学技术发展非常之快，希望大学像“灯塔”，照亮自己，也照亮别人；希望华为与交大有更深入的合作和交流，培养更多的人才，为产业发展做出贡献；共同发现创新机遇，并尽快转化为真正的产业成果；双方合力为国家关键领域、世界技术领域关键问题的突破做出贡献。

In reviewing the development history of China as a company that “trusts in technology” and believes in knowledge as a force, China has insisted on research and development, describing its initiatives to focus on the integration of production and research, rapid industrialization, and in-depth exchanges with expert scholars on the cutting edge, long-term and broad nature of science and technology innovation. At the same time, China attaches great importance to cooperation with universities, hopes that teachers at universities will conduct in-depth research, share with teachers trends in the industry, industry needs and world-class problems, and make the results socially applicable as soon as possible.

林忠钦表示，上海交大有学科优势、师资优势、人才优势，有创新的研究和成果，愿与华为公司进一步在各个领域开展深入合作，配合产业发展，进行前沿的学术研究；在进一步推进科研与产业的深度融合、科学技术与学术创新、培育高科技创新人才，共同应对国内外尖端科技发展等方面有所作为。

Lin Chungchen stated that Shanghai is home to a great deal of discipline, teaching staff, talent, and innovative research and results, and is willing to cooperate further with China-China in all fields, in line with industrial development and in the development of cutting-edge academic research; and to contribute to the further integration of scientific research and industry, science and technology and academic innovation, the development of high-tech and innovative talent, and the joint response to state-of-the-art scientific and technological developments at home and abroad.

上海交通大学与华为公司有着广泛深厚的合作，双方自2009年就开展了多方面的合作，2012年建立了长期合作关系，2019年再次签署了战略合作协议，在科研创新、人才培养和校园信息化网络等领域多有合作。同时，华为已成为近几年交大毕业生就业人数最多的企业。

The Shanghai Transport University has extensive cooperation with China, which has cooperated extensively since 2009, establishing a long-term cooperative relationship in 2012, and signing again in 2019 a strategic cooperation agreement, with cooperation in areas such as scientific innovation, talent development, and information networking on campuses. At the same time, China has become the largest employer of graduates in recent years.

在复旦：很高兴在复旦看到愿坐冷板凳的人

In Backhammer: It's good to see the people who want to sit on the bench in Backhammer.

7月30日一早，任正非带着团队到访复旦大学邯郸校区。这是任正非首次来到复旦大学。

On the morning of 30 July, he came with a team to return to the campus of the University of Jordan, which was the first time that he had arrived at the University.

复旦大学校长、中国科学院院士许宁生代表学校，对任正非一行，表示热烈欢迎。

Xu Ningsheng School, Rector of the University of Gangan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, extended a warm welcome to the ruling party.

根据复旦大学微信公众号的信息，在随后10位复旦专家学者的发言中，任正非面带笑容，面向PPT演示屏幕，侧身而坐，频频点头。遇到感兴趣的话题，他不断点评，金句频出。

According to the University's Wirtschaftsprüfer, in the ensuing presentations by 10 repeat scholars, anyone smiled at the PPT presentation screen, sat side by side, and noded frequently.

“我们带来客户现实的需求，你们带来科学的理想。现实和理想结合，就是执行的战略。”

"We bring the needs of our clients, and you bring the ideals of science. The combination of reality and ideals is the strategy of implementation."

“你们做得很高，我们的应用很低。我们希望可以把工业化与你们的成果结合起来。”

“You're doing a great job, and we're doing a very poor job. We want to combine industrialization with your achievements.”

“很高兴在复旦看到愿意坐冷板凳的人。”

“It's nice to see people on cold benches in Jordan.”

在座谈交流会上，双方围绕基础研究和技术开发、人才培养等展开了深入、广泛的讨论，谋求校企更深层次、更宽领域合作。任正非十分重视人才培养。他认为未来充满了不确定性。“未来我们拼什么，就是拼教育、拼人才。”

During the exchange, the two sides engaged in in-depth and extensive discussions on basic research and technological development, talent development, etc., seeking deeper and broader cooperation in the field of school development.

在东南大学：要珍视每个孩子

At the University of the Southeast: value every child.

不知谁会点燃世界火花

I don't know who's gonna light the sparks of the world.

结束上海高校行后任正非团队前往南京，7月31日上午，任正非团队访问了东南大学。东南大学党委书记左惟、校长张广军会见了任正非一行。

On the morning of 31 July, an official and non-governmental team visited the University of the South East.

在东南大学举行的专家座谈会上，任正非不时与在座的专家们交流互动，他把前沿科学比作“黑屋子”，把大学教授比作一颗颗珍珠。他希望大学都能成为灯塔，照亮大学生们的前行之路。教师努力去做火花，点亮孩子们的科研之路。

At the expert symposium held at the University of the South East, he interacted from time to time with the experts present, comparing cutting-edge science to a “black room” and university professors to a pearl. He wanted universities to be lighthouses that could light the way for college students. Teachers worked hard to make sparks and light the way for their children.

任正非表示，要珍视每一个孩子，因为不知道哪个孩子会点燃世界的火花。他说，“星光不问赶路人，岁月不负有心人”，来到东南大学，发现这里有很多教授甘坐冷板凳，这就是中国的希望。中国5000年历史留下了宝贵的耕读文化，所有家长都希望孩子读书。希望在二三十年之后，中国能成为一个创新中心。

He said, “Starlights don’t ask people to go on the road, they don’t have the time,” and came to South-East University, where many professors sit on cold benches, which is China’s hope. China’s 5,000-year history left a valuable culture of pedagogy, and all parents want their children to go to school. It is to be hoped that, after 20 or 30 years, China will become a centre for innovation.

张广军表示，在当前国内外形势下，华为的发展站到了中国发展的战略层面，东南大学作为“双一流”建设高校，同样肩负着国家发展的使命担当。为此，张广军校长提议，在过去25年精诚合作的基础上，双方面向未来在三个方面继续深化合作：一是进一步拓展前期合作基础，创新形式、搭建更深更宽领域的合作平台；二是加强人才的联合培养，努力造就更多一流领军人才；三是针对国家重大需求，加强校企双方的科研布局和联合攻关。

According to Zhang Guangjun, China's development has reached the strategic level of China's development in the current situation, both within and outside the country, and the South-East University, as a “two-class” university, is also responsible for national development. To that end, Zhang Guangjun has proposed that, on the basis of cooperation over the past 25 years, the two sides should continue to deepen their cooperation in three areas: first, to expand the basis for earlier cooperation, to create innovative forms of cooperation, and to set up a platform for cooperation in a deeper and broader area; second, to strengthen the joint training of human resources and to create more leading military personnel; and, third, to respond to the country's vital needs, to strengthen the scientific and technological organization of both schools and joint operations.

据悉，东南大学与华为公司20多年来一直保持着亲密的合作伙伴关系。近年来，校企双方不断开拓新的合作领域。2018年11月，东南大学与华为公司举行深化战略合作签约仪式。2019年7月，东南大学与华为公司举行了“东南大学——华为无线通信联合实验室”签约仪式。目前，东南大学有大批校友在华为工作，他们的足迹遍及全球多个国家，为华为公司的发展注入青春能量。

In November 2018, the University of South East and China held a signing ceremony for the company to deepen strategic cooperation. In July 2019, the University of South East and China held a signing ceremony for the company “South East University – China as the Wireless Communications Joint Laboratory.”

在南京大学：大学像灯塔，点亮教育之路

University of Nanjing: University like a lighthouse to light the way to education

不拘一格培养创新人才

Unnecessary development of innovators

7月31日下午，华为技术有限公司CEO任正非带队访问了南京大学。南京大学党委书记胡金波，中国科学院院士、南京大学校长吕建在鼓楼校区知行楼会见了任正非一行。

On the afternoon of 31 July, a team of CEOs from China-Technology Ltd. visited Nanjing University.

任正非表示，南京大学作为一所著名高等学府，积极面向国家需求和国际前沿，很多科技成果处于世界领先水平，为国家发展做出了积极贡献，希望华为与南大有更深入的合作和交流，共同发现创新机遇，希望大学像“灯塔”，点亮教育之路，不拘一格培养创新人才。

As a well-known institution of higher learning, Nanjing University is actively oriented towards national needs and the international frontier, and many of its scientific and technological achievements are at the forefront of the world, making a positive contribution to national development. It is to be hoped that China will work in greater cooperation and communication with the South, discover opportunities for innovation together, and that universities will be like “lighthouses” to highlight the path of education and develop innovative talent.

在知行楼一楼会议室，陆延青主持召开了专家座谈会，任正非一行与南京大学有关专家学者进行了座谈交流。中国科学院院士、电子科学与工程学院教授郑有炓，中国科学院院士、现代工程与应用科学学院教授祝世宁等13位南京大学专家学者分别结合自己的专业领域以及领域内科技创新发展做科技成果分享与交流，双方围绕共同关心的一些具体问题进行了深入探讨。

In the conference room on the first floor of the knowledge building, Yuenqing Lu hosted an expert symposium with relevant experts from the Nanjing University. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Faculty of Electronic Science and Engineering of China, Zheng Xiaojun, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Modern Engineering and Applied Sciences of China, Hyo Shi Ning, 13 Nanjing University experts, respectively, discussed in depth the sharing and exchange of scientific and technological results in their areas of specialization and in the field of science, technology and innovation development.

在随后举行的专题座谈会上，双方围绕南京大学与华为深度战略合作进行了深入交流。

At the ensuing symposium, an in-depth exchange took place between the two sides on the in-depth strategic cooperation between Nanjing University and China.

南京大学和华为同样渊源颇深。早在1993年，华为就在南大设立奖学金、奖教金；从1998年开始，接连举办5届“华为杯”南京大学学生科技创新竞赛。近几年，华为与南大互动合作更加频繁，双方共建校企联合实验室7家，其中专项联合实验室研究方向涵盖了人工智能、软件工程、声学技术、超构材料、半导体显示等领域。2018年，华为在南大设立“紫金学者”人才基金，助力南大引进并培育信息与通讯技术领域的高层次人才。

As early as 1993, China set up scholarships and prizes in Nanca; since 1998, five consecutive competitions for science, technology and innovation for Nanjing University students have been held. In recent years, China has been working more frequently with Nanjing, where seven joint university laboratories have been set up, with specialized joint laboratory research courses covering areas such as artificial intelligence, software engineering, acoustics, hyperstructured materials, and semiconductor displays. In 2018, China set up a “violet scholar” talent fund in Nanjing, helping to introduce and nurture high-level talent in information and communication technologies.

任正非此举传递什么信号？

What's the signal from this move?

华为CFO孟晚舟事件发生后，从2019年1月开始，任正非在公司公关部要求下，频频接受国内外媒体专访，向外界传递华为声音，给员工和客户传递信心。2019年5月，美国商务部将华为列入实体名单之后，任正非同样多次接受媒体专访。但从今年5月份以来，还未有任正非接受国内外权威媒体专访的报道。

Since January 2019, at the request of the company’s public relations department, both Chinese and foreign media outlets have frequently visited China to convey their voices to the outside world and to convey confidence to their employees and clients. In May 2019, the United States Department of Commerce, after placing China on the list of entities, allowed China to be visited by the media several times.

此次，任正非三天访问国内四所名校，情况少见。

During this three-day visit to four schools in the country, the situation is rare.

据证券时报E公司分析，从几所大学学科背景来看，任正非此行或有意铺路华为人工智能、计算战略、芯片自主等。

According to the Securities Times E Company, from the background of several university disciplines, the travel or deliberate paving of roads is artificial intelligence, computing strategy, chip autonomy, etc.

据公开信息，上海交通大学在计算机领域有独特优势，知名机构发布统计数据显示，2019年中国跻身世界大学计算机排名前4的高校分别是：清华大学（第20名）、北京大学（第32名）、浙江大学（第45名）和上海交通大学（第49名），特别是近年来交大在人工智能领域发展迅猛。

According to public information, Shanghai Transport University has a unique advantage in the area of computers, and statistics published by prominent institutions show that in 2019, China was ranked among the top four computers at the World University: Qinghua University (20th), Beijing University (32nd), Zhejiang University (45th) and Shanghai Transport University (49th), especially in recent years, where it has grown rapidly in the area of artificial intelligence.

东南大学以科学名世，学校成立于1902年，有悠久的历史，该学校有5个国家一级重点学科，其中前两个是电子科学与技术、信息与通信工程，电子科学与技术含物理电子学、电路与系统、微电子学与固体电子学、电磁场与微波技术等二级学科，信息与通信工程通信与信息系统信号与信息处理等二级学科。

The South-East University has a long history of science and a school founded in 1902. The school has five subjects of priority at the national level, the first two of which are electronic science and technology, information and communication engineering, electronic science and technology with physical electronics, circuits and systems, microelectronics and solid electronics, electromagnetic field and microwave technology, and secondary subjects such as information and communications technology and information processing.

显然，东南大学这两个学科所涵盖的专业人才，与华为当前通信运营商业务、消费者业务等相当契合，且电子科学与技术领域的微电子学、信息与通信工程、电路与系统等专业均与为半导体行业专业人才。

It is clear that the two disciplines covered by the University of South-East Asia are quite compatible with China's current telecommunications operator's business, consumer business, etc., and that such professions as microelectronics, information and communication engineering, circuits and systems in electronics and technology are in the semiconductor industry.

复旦大学则为国内顶尖名校，在世界的知名度也是非常高。其中复旦大学数学、物理等都是该校的王牌专业，一般录取分数线非常高，学校拥有一个国家数学中心，1个国家制造业创新中心。对应来看，华为当前华为的计算战略、人工智能发展战略、自主芯片战略、华为云发展等都需要补齐大量数学、物理学相关人才。

The University of Akdan is the best-known university in the country, and it has a very high profile in mathematics, physics, and so on. By contrast, China’s current computing strategy, an artificial intelligence development strategy, an autonomous chip strategy, and China’s cloud development require a great deal of mathematics and physics-related talent.

在当前华为“渡劫”的紧要关头，人才储备至关重要。如此看来，华为就是希望从人才这个源头来提升自己的竞争力。前不久，华为一张招聘光刻机工程师广告也在坊间广泛流传，同时有公司也表示华为目前正各处挖掘芯片人才。

So it seems that China wants to improve its competitiveness from the source of talent. Not long ago, an advertisement for hiring a light engineer was widely circulated, and companies said that they were digging for chips everywhere.

目前国内芯片产业中，要突破的最为关键的是光刻机。世界范围内，掌握顶尖光刻机技术的是荷兰ASML公司，而芯片制造巨头英特尔、台积电均为其股东。

The key to breaking through the chip industry in the country is light time. Worldwide, ASML owns the best technology, and the chip makes big Intel, and the battery is its shareholder.

近期，不断有业内人士爆料，华为已招聘了数百位国内顶尖光刻机工艺师，作为高端储备人才，从事先进光刻机技术研发工作。

Recently, there have been persistent reports from insiders that China has recruited hundreds of the country's top light-engineers as high-end reserves for advanced light-engine technology research and development.

掌握7纳米制程的台积电可以用ASML的光刻机将苹果A12、A13芯片，高通骁龙855与865芯片的订单收入囊中，但对于中芯国际而言，即便掌握了7纳米的技术，没有对应的设备，也只能承接中低端芯片加工业务。

The power from the 7 nanometer processor can be used to bring apples A12, A13 chips into the order capsules of the 855 and 865 chips in ASM, but for the center core international, even if the 7 nanometer technology is available and no corresponding equipment is available, it can only take over medium- and low-end chip processing operations.

98年世界杯如果荷兰迈过巴西这关，与法国会师决赛，可能夺冠吗？

Could the '98 World Cup have won if the Netherlands had passed Brazil and won the finals with the French Congregation?

98年世界杯的荷兰队是“克鲁伊夫时代”和“荷兰三剑客时代”之后，荷兰足球又一个黄金年代，这一届荷兰队汇聚了一大批的天才巨星球员，博格坎普、克鲁伊维特、戴维斯、科库、西多夫、奥维马斯、德波尔兄弟、斯塔姆、范德萨……

The Dutch team of the 98 World Cup, after the “Era of Kruive” and the “Era of the Dutch Three Musketeers”, followed by another golden age of Dutch football, which brought together a large number of talented giant planetaries, Bogkamp, Krujvet, Davis, Koko, Sidov, Ovimas, De Pol brothers, Stam, Van Dessa...

赛前，荷兰被认为是巴西之后实力第二强的球队，是夺冠的大热门，而他们在这届比赛中所展现出来的实力和状态也都非常出色。小组赛表现虽然波澜不惊，只取得了1胜2平的成绩，但是保证了小组头名出线，而且5：0战胜韩国队的比赛也展示了他们强大的实力，1/8决赛凭借着戴维斯的决赛淘汰了南斯拉夫，八强战，他们淘汰了“潘帕斯雄鹰”阿根廷。

Before the game, the Netherlands was regarded as the second most powerful team after Brazil, and the strength and status they displayed during the game were excellent. The team’s performance, while unsurprising, was only a two-square score, was assured of the team’s leadership, and the 5:0 victory over the South Korean team showed their strength, with the one-eighth final victory over Yugoslavia with Davis’s finals, and the eight-Power fight over the Penpas Eagle Argentina.

半决赛荷兰遭遇了卫冕冠军四星巴西，那堪称一场火星撞地球般的史诗对决，双方势均力敌，难分伯仲。下半场外星人罗纳尔多率先攻破范德萨把守的大门；下半场第85分钟，克鲁伊维特接弗兰克德波尔的右路传中，一粒完美的狮子甩头攻门得手，最终双方120分钟打成平手。进入残酷的点球大战，在前两轮双方都是弹无虚发。第四轮巴西队邓加射入点球后作出了经典的挥拳动作，压力瞬间抛给了荷兰队；此后出场的罗纳德德波尔在重压之下将点球射失，荷兰队抱憾出局，止步半决赛，确实让无数球迷为之扼腕叹息。

In the second half, the alien Ronaldo took the lead in breaking the gate of Van Dessa; in the second half, in the second half, Krujvet took Frank Debor's right path, a perfect lion threw his head against the door, and ended up with a 120-minute tie. In the first two rounds of the brutal Point Fight, both sides fired. The fourth round of the Brazilian team, Dungart, made a classic swing, and the pressure was thrown to the Dutch team; then Ronald de Boer left the point under heavy pressure, and the Dutch team fell out and stopped the semi-finals, and indeed stunned countless balls.

来说说有如果荷兰迈过巴西这关，与法国会师决赛，是否有夺冠捧杯的可能呢？我个人认为这种可能不大！理由主要基于首先荷兰队多年以来至今未能甩掉的世界杯无冕之王的帽子，无论是早先的74、78的世界比，还是后来的10、14年的世界杯，橙衣军团曾数次接近巅峰，但无一例外的功败垂成。这并不是技战术问题，或者运气欠佳，而可能是某种心魔亦或是宿命使然。

So, if the Netherlands gets past Brazil, is there any chance of winning a cup with the French finalist? I personally think that that is unlikely! The reason is based primarily on the hat of the unchallenged King of the World Cup, which the Dutch team has not been rid of for many years now, whether it was the 74th, 78th world compared to the 10th and 14th year of the World Cup, or the Orange Legion, which has approached the summit several times, but has failed without exception. This is not a question of tactical tactics, or bad luck, but perhaps some kind of evil or fate.

欧洲很多专业人士认为，如荷兰在98年世界杯和00年欧锦赛的半决赛都过了点球关口从而进入决赛，那法国将会是连续两个亚军！00年欧锦赛半决赛荷兰点球输给意大利以后，让电视机前观赛的法国国脚们欣喜若狂啊！所以可以看到法国队是不愿意碰到荷兰队！而98年世界杯上都荷兰队是没有任何短板的王者之师啊！队中巨星云集三条线上王牌当道！98年世界杯上的荷兰队还被全球称作梦幻国家队！

Many European professionals believe that if the Netherlands passes the end of the semi-finals of the 1998 World Cup and the 2000 European Cup, then France will be two Asians in a row! After losing the Dutch goal to Italy in the semi-finals of the 2000 European Cup, the French footers of the pre-TV race will be ecstatic! So it can be seen that the French team is not willing to meet the Dutch team, and the Dutch team at the 98 World Cup is a master of kings without any short plates!

当然法国同样是夺冠热门！98年法国队占有天时地利人和之利志在捧杯，荷兰队有无冕之王之称，90年有夺冠实力，自三驾马车退役之后实力下降，98年法国队即使对阵荷兰也会夺冠。

France, of course, is also a champion. In '98, the French team won the victory over the rich, the Dutch champion, the Dutch champion, in '90, and since the retirement of the troika, the French team will win even against the Dutch in '98.

葡萄牙经济在欧洲多发达？

How well is the Portuguese economy developed in Europe?

葡萄牙，位于欧洲西南部的共和制国家。东邻同处于伊比利亚半岛的西班牙，葡萄牙的西部和南部是大西洋的海岸。

Portugal is a republic in the south-west of Europe. It is bordered to the east by Spain in the Iberian Peninsula, and the western and southern parts of Portugal are the Atlantic coast.

葡萄牙首都里斯本西的罗卡角是欧洲大陆的最西端。 在近代西方历史上，葡萄牙是历史文化发源地之一，在16世纪到18世纪，葡萄牙和西班牙成为影响世界最强大的全球性帝国。现存欧洲国家当中，葡萄牙是殖民历史最悠久的一国。

Cape Rocca, the capital of Lisbon, is the westernmost part of the European continent. In recent Western history, Portugal has been one of the historical and cultural origins, and between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, Portugal and Spain became the most powerful global empires affecting the world.

葡萄牙是一个高度发达的资本主义国家，拥有相当完善的旅游业，也是欧盟成员国之一，欧元和北约创始成员国之一。

Portugal is a highly developed capitalist country with a well-developed tourism industry and is also a member of the European Union, the euro and one of the founding members of NATO.

葡萄牙1056.2万（2013数据）。其中葡萄牙人占96.9%，人口密度为115.4人/平方公里。官方语言为葡萄牙语。约84.5%的居民信奉天主教。

Portugal has 1,0562,000 inhabitants (2013 data). Of these, 96.9 per cent are Portuguese and have a population density of 115.4 persons/km2. The official language is Portuguese. Some 84.5 per cent of the population is Catholic.

葡萄牙是一个议院制的共和国，葡萄牙是美国的传统盟国，也是北约成员国，历来把同美国的关系放在优先地位。由于历史原因，葡萄牙同非洲葡语五国（莫桑比克、安哥拉、佛得角、几内亚比绍、圣多美和普林西比）关系较为密切。作为葡语国家最集中的地区和葡石油、天然气的主要供应地，非洲在葡外交中的分量愈加重要。

Portugal is a parliamentary republic, and Portugal is a traditional ally of the United States and a member of NATO, and has traditionally given priority to relations with the United States. For historical reasons, Portugal has a closer relationship with five Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa (Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe).

葡萄牙是欧盟中等发达国家，其工业基础较薄弱。最出名的产业是以水松木制造的软木塞， 葡萄牙的软木产量占世界总产量的一半以上，出口位居世界第一，因而有“软木王国”之称。葡萄牙为全球第11大制鞋出口国。

Portugal is a medium-developed country in the European Union, with a weak industrial base. The most well-known industry is the cork made of pine pine, which accounts for more than half of the world's output and is the world's leading exporter, thus being called the “Softwood Kingdom.” Portugal is the world's eleventh largest shoe exporter.

葡萄牙是现代工业-农业国家，农业中栽种橙乃葡萄牙最享负盛名。

Portugal is a modern industrial-agriculture country, and orange planting in agriculture is the most well-known in Portugal.

葡萄牙旅游业比较发达。据葡萄牙《经济报纸》报道，在欧洲众多旅游度假胜地之中，葡萄牙是游客住房率第二高的欧洲国家，仅次于荷兰；在海边旅游目的地中，葡萄牙的游客住房率位居欧洲第一，领先克罗地亚和西班牙。

Portuguese tourism is relatively well developed. According to the Portuguese Economic Journal, Portugal is the European country with the second highest rate of tourist housing in Europe, after the Netherlands, among the many tourist resorts in Europe; and among seaside tourist destinations, Portugal has the highest rate of tourist housing in Europe, leading Croatia and Spain.

葡萄牙有着温和的气候，据统计，一年中近3000个小时都有明媚的阳光； 葡萄牙有亲民的物价，是欧元区内欧元购买力最高的国家，食品不但价格实惠、新鲜、而且健康有保障。

Portugal has a moderate climate in which, according to statistics, the sun is bright for almost 3,000 hours of the year; Portugal has a pro-people price and has the highest euro purchasing power in the eurozone, and food is not only cheap, fresh and healthy.

根据2015年《英国卫报》根据欧盟统计局数据进行了一次以“100欧元购买力”为对象的调查，结果显示，葡萄牙是欧元区内欧元购买力最高，物价水平最便宜的国家之一，100欧元在葡萄牙相当于在德国122欧元的购买力。（1欧元=8.1597人民币）

According to a survey conducted by the British Guardian in 2015 on the basis of Eurostat data, the results show that Portugal is one of the countries with the highest purchasing power of the euro and the cheapest price levels in the euro area, and 100 euros is equivalent to the purchasing power of 122 euros in Germany. (1 Euro = 8.1597)

葡萄牙有国际化大都市里斯本，以红酒闻名于世的波尔图。葡萄牙有优质的教育资源，移民子女可享受12年免费义务教育。葡萄牙有全方面覆盖的医疗体系。

Portugal has an international city, Lisbon, famous for its red wine. Portugal has high-quality educational resources, and children of immigrants enjoy 12 years of free and compulsory education.

据外媒报道，葡萄牙的非常驻居民政策提供了相当优厚的退休人员税收福利，因此吸引了很多法国退休人员去申请。而这让不少法国公民感到不满，他们认为这些退休人员在葡萄牙享受优厚税收优惠政策的同时，不会再为法国的社会系统作出贡献，却能继续享受法国的养老、医疗福利。

According to the foreign media, Portugal’s policy of non-residents provides considerable tax benefits for retirees, thereby attracting many French retirees to apply for them. This is disconcerting for a number of French citizens who believe that they will not contribute to the French social system while enjoying a generous tax concession in Portugal, but will continue to benefit from France’s old-age and medical benefits.

实际上，葡萄牙自从实施税收优惠政策以吸引外国退休人员之后，已经吸引了很多外国家庭移民葡萄牙。根据葡萄牙移民局官网显示，截止2019年3月底，已经累计有7291组家庭获发黄金签证，其中，中国投资者稳居第一，获批家庭达到4180组。

Indeed, Portugal has attracted a large number of foreign families to migrate to Portugal since the introduction of tax concessions to attract foreign retirees. According to the Portuguese network of immigration officials, by the end of March 2019, a cumulative total of 7291 families had been granted gold visas, of which Chinese investors were in the top position, reaching 4180.

葡萄牙吸引世界各国人士前往的福利并非仅限于此，葡萄牙从出生到老年不同年龄阶段的福利有很多。

The benefits that Portugal attracts from all over the world are not limited to that, and there are many benefits at all ages from birth to old age.

葡萄牙的福利待遇优厚到什么程度呢？

To what extent are the benefits in Portugal favourable?

1.生育阶段

1. Procreational phase

生育津贴：家庭补助金是由国家向孕妇提供的金钱补助，所有在葡萄牙合法居住的怀孕13周以上妇女都有权申请，每月领取一次，金额最高145.69欧元(并据收入不同而有所差别)，婴儿出生后6个月结束。

Maternity allowance: The family allowance is a monetary benefit provided by the State to pregnant women, and all women who have been legally resident in Portugal for more than 13 weeks of pregnancy are entitled to apply for it once a month, up to a maximum of 145.69 euros (with differences in income) and the end of six months after the birth of the child.

生育补助：200欧元(一次性发放)

Maternity benefit: 200 euros (one-time payment)

在带薪产假方面：法律规定孕妇有权享受产前30天、产后42至90天的带薪产假。同时，从2020年起，父亲在孩子出生后的30天以内可以享受的15天产假增加至20天。

With regard to paid maternity leave: the law entitles pregnant women to paid maternity leave of 30 days before and 42 to 90 days after childbirth.

孕妇权益”在孩子一周岁以内，生育妇女每天有一个小时的哺育时间。同时，生育妇女不可以接受夜班工作。在怀孕、生育和哺育期间，企业不允许以任何理由裁减生育妇女，也不能减少她们的工资。

During pregnancy, childbirth and nursing, the enterprise does not permit any reduction in the number of women who give birth, nor can it reduce their wages.

2.儿童阶段

2. Children's phase

免费公立教育：葡萄牙实行的是12年义务教育，6-18岁的学生可享受免费公立教育。

Free public education: 12 years of compulsory education are available in Portugal and free public education is available to students between the ages of 6 and 18.

在儿童福利金方面：与欧洲大多数高福利国家一样，孩子从出生开始每个月享受政府补贴，每个月145.69欧元，满周岁后每月36.42欧元。假如孩子持续读书，最长时间可领到27周岁。这两种福利不是以缴纳社保为前提，所有葡萄牙居民的子女都可以享受这两种福利。

In the case of child benefits, as in most of the higher welfare countries in Europe, children are entitled to a government subsidy of 145.69 euros per month from birth and 36.42 euros per month after reaching the age of majority.

3.成人阶段

3. Adult stage

葡萄牙的失业补助：在葡萄牙合法工作，不是自愿失业，失业前连续两年内有450天以上的领取工资的纪录，或者失业前连续12个月内有最少180天的领取工资的纪录，即可享受失业补助。从失业起最长可享受540天，金额为原工资的55%-65%。

Unemployment benefit in Portugal: you are entitled to unemployment benefit if you are legally employed in Portugal, not voluntarily unemployed, for more than 450 days in the two consecutive years preceding unemployment, or for a minimum of 180 days in the 12 consecutive months preceding unemployment.

葡萄牙的疾病津贴：专为补偿因患病而暂时无法工作的员工，对他们在收入上的损失而发放的资助，最长时间可连续领取3年，金额为原工资的55%-75%。

In Portugal, sickness benefits are paid to cover the loss of earnings of workers temporarily unable to work as a result of illness for a maximum period of three consecutive years, amounting to 55-75 per cent of the previous salary.

在带薪假期方面丰富优厚：每个员工每年只上226天班，休息139天。其中有22天是带薪休假。每年领取薪资=正常12个月薪资+圣诞补贴(1月薪资)+假期补贴(一个月薪资)=14个月薪资。

In the case of paid leave, there is a wealth of merit: every employee takes only 226 shifts per year for 139 days. Of these, 22 days are paid leave.

在其他补助方面：葡萄牙的企业假如一旦破产，由政府支付给员工所欠的工资，最高能达到6个月。

In terms of other benefits: In the event of bankruptcy of an enterprise in Portugal, the salary owed by the Government to the employee can be up to six months.

4.老年阶段

4. Age

葡萄牙的养老金方面：65岁周岁以上，在葡萄牙拥有合法的工作，并且交纳社保最低15年才有资格享受养老金待遇，缴纳社保时间越长，领取的养老金金额就越高。

In Portugal, pensions are paid to persons over 65 years of age, who have legal employment in Portugal and are eligible for pension benefits for a minimum of 15 years, and the longer they are paid, the higher the amount of pension they receive.

葡萄牙的保障性养老金：对于从未贡献给社保系统人的保障性养老金：197.55欧元/月。（1欧元=8.1597人民币）

Guaranteed old-age pension in Portugal: guaranteed old-age pension for persons who have never contributed to the social security system: 197.55 euros/month. (1 Euro = 8.1597 yuan)

葡萄牙在其他养老福利方面：80岁以上有补充养老金，因病长期卧床不起或严重的精神疾病都可以申请长期护理津贴，独居的老人可申请丧偶津贴。并且葡萄牙无遗产税，适合家族财富传承。

With regard to other old-age benefits, Portugal has a supplementary pension over 80 years of age, a long-term care allowance may be applied for for because of long-term infertile or severe mental illness, a widow's allowance may be applied for by elderly persons living alone, and there is no inheritance tax in Portugal that is suitable for the transmission of family wealth.

在自由度方面： 人员自由指数是体现一个国家或地区自由度最重要的指标之一。在世界国家和地区人员自由指数排行中，葡萄牙位于第一梯队，堪称世界上最自由的国家之一。自由指数调查包括：无强制约束，以及多达76项人权和经济自由度指标。

In terms of freedom, the human freedom index is one of the most important indicators of freedom in a country or region. In the world’s national and regional human freedom index, Portugal is one of the most liberal countries in the world.

根据MIPEX曾经发布的研究指出，葡萄牙曾是世界上对移居者最为接纳和融入度最好的国家之一，全球排名第二。

According to a study published by MIPEX, Portugal had once been one of the world's best-admission and integration of migrants, and was ranked second in the world.

葡萄牙人的热情与宽容的性格在整个欧洲乃至世界都有口皆碑。其主要原因，是葡萄牙的主要经济产业是服务业，尤其是旅游为整个国家带来的巨大的经济收益，所以葡萄牙人深知只有服务好游客才能够让自己生活的更美好，葡萄牙人真正把游客当成上帝去服务，去热情接纳，因此，只要去过葡萄牙的人都很奇怪，为什么所有葡萄牙人的脸上总是微笑着的。

The passion and tolerant character of Portuguese people is well known throughout Europe and the world. The main reason is that Portugal’s main economic industry is services, especially tourism, which brings huge economic benefits to the country as a whole, so that Portuguese know that only well-served tourists can make their lives a better place. Portuguese really treat tourists as God’s service and hospitality. So, as long as people go to Portugal, it is strange why all Portuguese have smiled on their faces.

下面再简单谈谈葡萄牙的教育

Let's talk briefly about Portuguese education.

葡萄牙教育：欧洲的教育大都是基于人文思想展开的，从小开始培养学生的实践能力和分析能力，并且鼓励思想的自由，葡萄牙教育体制具有国际化，教育理念很先进，葡萄牙的学历受到世界范围的认可。

Education in Portugal: Education in Europe is largely based on humanistic thinking, starting at an early age by developing the practical and analytical abilities of students and encouraging freedom of thought, the internationalization of the Portuguese educational system, the advanced educational philosophy and the worldwide recognition of Portuguese qualifications.

在葡萄牙这个国家，国际学校是以德语、法语、西语和英语为教学语言，但可以根据自己情况做出选择。葡萄牙实行的中小学12年免费教育和公立大学免费教育。

In Portugal, international schools use German, French, Spanish and English as the language of instruction, but they can choose according to their own circumstances.

葡萄牙的学校会更加注重对孩子未来的规划。葡萄牙学校设置的课程非常广泛，除了基础必备的课程，比如语言、数学、历史、科学、美术、体育等这些“非学不可”的基础课，还分阶段逐级添加一些手工、戏剧、IT、舞蹈、实践等技能性的、兴趣类的课程。

Portugal’s schools will focus more on planning for the future of their children. Portuguese schools offer a wide range of courses, in addition to the basic essential ones, such as language, mathematics, history, science, fine arts, sports, etc., which are “non-learning” subjects, and are structured in stages to include skills and interests such as handicrafts, theatre, IT, dance, practice, etc.

之所以添加这些课不仅仅是为了让学生的素质更全面发展，更重要的是让学生在学校的素质教育中找到适合自己的兴趣方向，从而发现自己未来一生可能从事的工作目标及方向。

These courses are added not only to enable students to develop their quality more comprehensively, but also, more importantly, to find directions in quality education in schools that are appropriate to their interests, and thus to identify the goals and directions of work that they may be engaged in for the rest of their lives.

对于葡萄牙的中小学教育其实不用多说了，欧洲国家的中小学教育普遍性高质量，虽然具有一定的差异性，但也是大同小异。

Indeed, there is little to say about primary and secondary education in Portugal. European countries have a high quality of primary and secondary education in general, albeit with some differences, but they are also very similar.

葡萄牙是怎样高考的呢？

How did Portugal get the exam?

在葡萄牙，和中国高考相类似的是Exames Nacionais，虽然相当于高考，但学生申请高等教育时的成绩却并非只看这一项。

In Portugal, similar to China, Exames Nacionais, although equivalent to a higher examination, students'performance in applying for higher education is not limited to this.

葡萄牙学校一般在高中时，就要求学生选择自己所感兴趣的科目及课程，作为上大学的预备阶段。

Portuguese schools generally, when in high school, require students to choose the subjects and courses of their interest as a preparatory stage to university.

葡萄牙高中共四个科目供学生选择：科学与技术，视觉艺术，社会经济科学，语言与人文

There are four subjects available to students in Portuguese high schools: science and technology, visual arts, socio-economic sciences, language and humanities

它的每个科目都有相应需要“高考”的课程，比如科学与技术科目，需要高中生完成葡语、数学A等课程，再比如语言与人文需要完成葡语、地理A、历史A和实用数学。

Each of its subjects has a corresponding “higher examination” programme, such as science and technology, which requires high school students to complete Portuguese, mathematics A and, for example, language and humanities, Portuguese, geography A, history A and practical mathematics.

毕业时，不需要“高考”的课程，平时成绩就作为毕业的成绩；而对于需要“高考”的课程，其“高考”成绩占毕业成绩的30%；如果申请大学时要求这一科目的成绩，那么，这一科的“高考”成绩就占申请成绩的35%-50%，具体比例是由所申请的大学院校所制定的。占比剩余部分是高中的平均成绩。

At the time of graduation, there is no need for a “highest examination” course, and grades are usually considered as graduation results; for courses requiring a “highest examination”, the “highest test” results represent 30 per cent of graduation results; if the results in this subject are required when applying for university, the “highest test” results in this section represent 35-50 per cent of the results applied, a percentage set by the applied university institutes.

葡萄牙的“高考”每年举办两次，分别在每年的6月和7月。两次考试为首次考试成绩不理想的学生提供了“咸鱼翻身”机会。同时每年高校申请也分为两个时间阶段，分别在每年的8月和9月。条件限制是，以第二次“高考”成绩作为大学申请成绩的学生，只能选择9月份进行招生的高校（一般来说，排名较为靠前的高校通常会在第一阶段招满生源，因此机会很少）。

In Portugal, the “high test” is held twice a year, in June and July of each year. The two examinations provide an opportunity for students with unsatisfactory results for the first examination to turn over.

葡萄牙的大学方面，葡萄牙全国范围内共有六所高等院校被欧盟“多维度全球大学排名榜”（U-Multirank）评选为世界最佳院校。分别为阿威罗大学、科英布拉大学、米尼奥大学、里斯本大学，里斯本新大学和波尔图大学。

As far as universities in Portugal are concerned, there are six institutions of higher learning throughout Portugal that have been selected by the EU's “Multi-dimensional Global University List” (U-Multirank) as the world's best.

世界大学排名报告显示，葡萄牙有6所大学入选世界一流大学名单，其中里斯本大学和天主教大学的MBA课程被评为全球最好的MBA课程。

The World University ranking report shows that six universities in Portugal are on the list of leading universities in the world, with MBA courses from the University of Lisbon and the Catholic University being rated among the best MBA courses in the world.

里斯本大学，世界顶尖的著名高等公立研究型学府。 诞生于1288年，被公认为是葡萄牙前1%的精英大学。七百余年的校史、出色的科研、极高的教育水准，培养出了一大批在文学、艺术、政治、科学领域的杰出人才。比如葡萄牙后期象征主义诗坛的代表人物费尔南多·佩索阿、联合国秘书长古特雷斯、葡萄牙总统马塞洛·雷贝洛·德索萨、诺贝尔生理学医学奖获得者安东尼奥·埃加斯·莫尼兹。

More than 700 years of school history, excellent scientific research, and a high standard of education have produced a large number of outstanding figures in the fields of literature, art, politics, and science. For example, Fernando Pessoa, representative of Portugal’s late symbolic poetry, Secretary-General Guterres, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sosa of Portugal, and Antonio Egas Moniz, Nobel Prize winner for Physiology and Medicine.

葡萄牙不仅高等教育水平世界一流，从小学到高中还有很多通过IB（国际文凭）认证的国际学校，其中就包括美国、英国、德国、法国等国际学校。

Not only is Portugal the world's leading institution of higher education, there are many international schools certified through IB (international diploma) from primary to high school, including those in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and France.

葡萄牙是个历史悠久的欧盟大国，在全球教育领域也是名列前茅。葡国政府在教育领域的投资占国内生产总值的5.8%，相比加拿大的投入占比5.2%，美国占比5.7%，葡萄牙的政府投入更加注重教育的投入及发展。

Portugal is a country with a long history of the European Union and is among the world’s leading in the field of education. The Portuguese government invests 5.8% of GDP in education, compared to 5.2% in Canada, 5.7% in the United States, and the Portuguese government invests more in education and development.

葡萄牙实行的免费义务制教育，包括基础教育和中学教育，基础教育是强制性九年义务教育，而中学教育是非强制性的，分为普通高中教育和技术职业类教育两种。

Education in Portugal is compulsory and free, including basic and secondary education, which is compulsory and compulsory for nine years, while secondary education is optional and divided into general upper secondary education and technical vocational education.

当然还可以选择读私立学校和国际学校，学费也相对比较低，大概每年在7000—12000欧元之间。

Private and international schools are of course optional and tuition fees are relatively low, ranging from about Euro7,000 to Euro12,000 per year.

葡萄牙发达的医疗水平。葡萄牙的器官移植等科目居全球第一。葡萄牙在医疗事业方面的投入占其GDP的10.1%。葡萄牙的医疗体系非常完备，在世界排名第12；

Portugal has a well-developed level of medical care. Portugal has the world’s leading subjects, such as organ transplantation. Portugal’s investment in health care accounts for 10.1 per cent of GDP.

葡萄牙器官移植世界顶尖的水平！ 器官移植是帮助患者延长生命和改善生活质量的最直接、最有效的方式。 葡萄牙拥有全球第一的肝移植率，欧盟第一的肾移植率，以及高于欧盟平均水平的心脏移植率。

Organ transplantation is the most direct and effective way to help patients prolong their lives and improve their quality of life. Portugal has the world’s first liver transplant rate, the EU’s first kidney transplant rate, and a heart transplant rate above the EU average.

葡萄牙建立和完善了一套可以从事肾、肝、心脏、肺、胰腺、眼角膜以及骨髓等移植的多样化和高水平的移植体系。移植手术的器官来源于捐赠和其医疗体系。

Portugal has developed and improved a diversified and high-level transplant system that can be used for transplants such as kidneys, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, corneas and bone marrow.

在葡萄牙，医生与居民的配比率是1:256，医院床位与居民的配比率是1:300。比例高得益于葡萄牙优越的医疗系统，据世界卫生组织数据，葡萄牙的平均寿命预期值已达80岁以上。

In Portugal, the ratio of doctors to residents is 1:256 and the ratio of hospital beds to residents is 1:300.

BBC将葡萄牙评选为世界上最适合退休人员养老的七大国家之一。葡萄牙阿尔加为地区是很多退休老人最向往的一个地区，因为这里全年气候温和，年平均日照3300小时，成为欧洲阳光最充裕的地区。

The BBC selects Portugal as one of the seven most suitable countries for retirement. In Portugal, the Arga region is one of the most desirable regions for many retired older persons, because the climate is mild throughout the year, with an average of 3,300 hours per day, making it Europe’s most sunny.

良好的度假资源以及基础设施建设，使得葡萄牙成为欧洲的“退休者乐园”。

Good vacation resources and infrastructure have made Portugal a “retired park” in Europe.

葡萄牙人的工资： 葡萄牙工资在欧盟国家中处于较低水平。据葡萄牙统计局数据显示，葡萄牙劳动者的月平均收入为1107.90欧元，不同行业间的收入差距较大。

Wages of Portuguese people: Portuguese wages are at a lower level in the EU countries. According to the data of the Portuguese Statistical Office, the average monthly income of Portuguese workers is 1107.90 euros, with large differences between sectors.

看一下葡萄牙主要行业分类薪酬情况：

Take a look at the remuneration of the main categories of industries in Portugal:

农业劳动者：月平均收入为832.80欧元；矿业：为1286.80欧元；机械制造业：为1031.60欧元；建筑业：为955.50欧元，酒店餐饮业：为759欧元。（1欧元=8.1597人民币）

Agricultural workers: average monthly income of 832.80 euros; mining: 1286.80 euros; mechanical manufacturing: 1031.60 euros; construction: 955.50 euros; hotel and restaurant: 759 euros.

水电气行业为2941.60欧元，建筑业为955.50欧元，运输仓储业为1359欧元，公共管理和国防业为1031.70欧元，教育行业为1218.20欧元，医疗行业为977.40欧元，国际机构为2228.20欧元。

The water and electricity sector is Euro2941.60, construction 955.50, transport storage 1359, public administration and defence 1031.70, education 1218.20, medical 977.40 and international agencies 2228.20.

2018年1月，葡萄牙政府将月最低工资标准由557欧元提高至580欧元。据葡萄牙国家数据局公布的数据显示，截止2018年三月，葡萄牙人的平均薪酬达到951欧元，假如算上圣诞节和假期津贴，这个数字为1142欧元，是国家数据局有史以来的最高记录。

In January 2018, the Portuguese Government raised the monthly minimum wage from 557 to 580 euros. According to data published by the Portuguese National Data Agency, as of March 2018, the average salary of the Portuguese population amounted to 951 euros, the highest ever recorded by the National Data Agency if Christmas and holiday benefits were taken into account.

据悉，葡萄牙电力、燃气、蒸汽、热水等领域工人平均报酬最高，他们的平均月薪为2615欧元；其次是金融和保险领域，平均月薪为2568欧元；国际组织和其他境外机构的员工收入排名第三，平均月薪为1735欧元。

According to the information received, Portuguese workers in the fields of electricity, gas, steam and hot water have the highest average remuneration, with an average monthly salary of Euro2615; they are followed by the areas of finance and insurance, with an average monthly salary of Euro2568; and workers in international organizations and other offshore institutions are ranked third with an average monthly salary of Euro1735.

葡萄牙平均薪酬最低的领域包括行政和后勤工作，每月平均月薪为775欧元；农业、畜牧业、狩猎、林业和渔业的月薪为738欧元；住房、餐饮等领域的平均月薪为762欧元。（1欧元=8.1597人民币）

Areas in which Portugal has the lowest average remuneration include administrative and logistical work, with an average monthly salary of Euro775 per month; agriculture, livestock, hunting, forestry and fishing, with a monthly salary of Euro738 per month; housing, catering, etc., with an average monthly salary of Euro762 per month. (1 Euro = RMB 8.1597)

葡萄牙物价水平是怎么样的呢？

What's the Portuguese price level?

葡萄牙在欧盟中生活水平相对较低，生活水平指数只相当于欧盟国家平均水平的75%左右。

Portugal has a relatively low standard of living in the European Union, with a standard of living index equivalent to only about 75 per cent of the average of the European Union countries.

物价分类情况如下：

Price classification is as follows:

葡萄牙粮食比中国略贵，水果、肉禽价格与中国相当，但服务行业收费远高于中国。（以下资料来源：中国驻葡萄牙大使馆经商参处）

Portuguese food is slightly more expensive than Chinese food, and fruit and poultry prices are comparable to those of China, but the service industry charges much more than China. (Source: Business Office, Chinese Embassy in Portugal)

米：约1.12欧元/公斤

Mi: approximately 1.12 Euro/kg

面粉：约1.10欧元/公斤

Flour: approximately 1.10 Euro/kg

食用油：约2.14欧元/升

Food oil: approximately 2.14 euros/litre

鸡蛋：约1.3欧元/6个

Eggs: approximately 1.3 euros/6

牛奶：约0.82欧元/升

Milk: approximately 0.82 Euro/L

鸡肉：约3.49欧元/公斤

Chicken: approximately 3.49 Euro/kg

猪肉：约3.5欧元/公斤

Pork meat: approximately 3.5 Euro/kg

（1欧元=8.1597人民币）

(EUR 1 = RMB 8.1597)

葡萄牙在葡萄酒世界里不太光芒，因为产量被同是拉丁语系的三位大哥——意大利、法国西班牙光芒遮住，尤其是近几年拉丁小弟——智利、阿根廷大放光彩，因此，很难使人在想到葡萄酒，脑海里出现葡萄牙的影子。但葡萄牙的确属于名闻遐迩的“葡萄王国”。

Portugal is less glamorous in the wine world because it is produced by three brothers of the same Latin family — Italy, France and Spain — and especially by the Latins — Chile and Argentina in recent years, so it is difficult to think of wines and the presence of Portuguese shadows in their minds. But Portugal is indeed a famous “raid of grapes.”

葡萄牙人也同葡萄酒有着不解之缘，按葡萄牙人的饮食习惯，用餐时应尽量喝葡萄酒，是每一家庭必不可少的饮料。

Portuguese are also indisputable with wine, which, according to the Portuguese diet, should be consumed as much as possible and which is essential for every family.

葡萄牙盛产软木塞，软木塞的知名度和产量在世界上名列第一位，虽然葡萄酒在世界上排在法国、意大利、西班牙等国之后，但全国有葡萄园36万公顷，平均每5个农业劳动力就有一人种植葡萄。全国有18万人从事葡萄酒生产，年产葡萄酒10亿-15亿升，远销世界120多个国家和地区，是世界上第四大产酒国。

Portugal is the first country in the world in terms of visibility and production of corks and corks. Although wine is ranked in the world after France, Italy, and Spain, there are 360,000 hectares of vineyards in the country, with an average of one in five agricultural workers growing grapes. There are 180,000 people in the country who produce wine, 1 to 15 billion litres of wine annually, and more than 120 countries and areas in the world that sell fare, the world’s fourth largest wine-producing country.

最有代表性的是国酒“波特”，由葡萄牙著名港口城市波尔图(Porto)而得名。因为所有的波特酒要在波尔图市的酒窖中进行陈酿。由于波特酒是在葡萄酒发酵一半后，再加入烈酒来停止发酵，所以酒精度数比较高，但其可在橡木桶里停留更长的时间，以更多地吸收橡木的醇香，通过这种方式酿制的酒就被称为“波特酒”。

The most representative of all is the national wine, “Porto”, known as Porto, a well-known Portuguese port city. Since all the Porto wines are to be distilled in the cellars of Porto, it is known as the “Port” wine, which is made in this way, since it is half the time after the wine is fermented, and it is added to the wine to stop the fermentation, so the alcohol is higher, but it can stay in the oak drums for a longer period of time to absorb more oak fragrance.

葡萄牙当代出了两大世界级人物：

In Portugal, there are two world-class characters:

一是足球巨星：葡萄牙的C罗，是享誉世界的足球巨星。全名克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多。在世界上，你可以不知道葡萄牙，但不能不知道C罗。

One is a football star: Cro of Portugal, a world-famous football star. The full name is Cristiano Ronaldo. You don't know Portugal in the world, but you don't know Craw.

C罗与阿根廷的梅西是足球世界的两颗巨星，C罗的知名度不亚于整个葡萄牙。

Cro and Macy of Argentina are two major players in the world of football, and Cro is as well known as Portugal as a whole.

二是联合国秘书长：安东尼奥·古特雷斯，1949年4月30日出生于葡萄牙里斯本。葡萄牙前总理，第9任联合国秘书长。安东尼奥·古特雷斯于1949年4月30日出生于葡萄牙首都里斯本，早年毕业于葡萄牙里斯本高级技术学院。1971年毕业后，古特雷斯成为一名助理教授

Second, Secretary-General of the United Nations: Antonio Guterres, born on 30 April 1949 in Lisbon, Portugal. Former Prime Minister of Portugal, 9th Secretary-General of the United Nations. Antonio Guterres, born on 30 April 1949 in the Portuguese capital, Lisbon, graduated from the Higher Institute of Technology in Lisbon, Portugal, early in the year. After graduating in 1971, Guterres became an assistant professor.

在接触留学的过程中，我们难免会遇到一些问题和疑惑。近年来越来越多的欧洲商学院进入留学生的视野，下面就和选校帝了解一下欧洲工商管理类学院学费情况，希望对大家有所帮助。

In recent years, more and more European business schools have entered the field of study, and we will find out about the school fees at the European School of Business Administration, which we hope will help you with.

1.伦敦商学院 London Business School

London Business School, London

伦敦商学院是一所国际化商学院 ，为伦敦大学的两个研究生院之一，不提供本科教学，只提供金融和管理学方向的研究生课程。伦敦商学院历来被认为是欧洲最顶尖的商学院，同时也是全球最顶尖的10所商学院之一。

The London Business School is one of the two graduate schools at the University of London. It offers only postgraduate courses in the direction of finance and management. The London Business School is traditionally considered the best business college in Europe and one of the top 10 business colleges in the world.

LBS的录取流程极为严格，是全球申请难度最大的商学院之一。伦敦商学院的项目中，除了管理硕士，所有的课程均要求学生具有实际工作经验。伦敦商学院与企业、雇主建立了密切的联系，毕业生因此能够获得良好的就业机会。

The LBS process is extremely rigorous, and one of the most difficult business schools to apply globally. In the London Business School project, all courses require students to have practical work experience, with the exception of a master’s degree in management.

开设学位

Establishment of degrees

工商管理硕士(MBA)

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

高级工商管理硕士(Executive MBA)

Advanced Business Administration (Executive MBA)

国际高级工商管理硕士(EMBA– global)

Master's degree in International Advanced Business Administration (EMBA-global)

金融硕士(Masters in Finance)

Masters in Finance

Sloan领导力与战略管理硕士(Sloan Masters in Leadership and Strategy)

Sloan Masters in Leadership and Strategic Management

管理硕士(Masters in Management)

Masters in Management

博士学位课程(PhD)

Ph.D. degree (PhD)

成绩要求

Performance requirements

雅思均分7.5分;托福均分110分

The score is 7.5 for Yas; the score is 110 for Toph.

GMAT均分701分

The GMAT score is 701 points.

学习费用

Learning costs

管理硕士每年学费为51,400英镑

Management of a master's degree is Pound51,400 per annum.

金融硕士每年学位为37,000英镑

Master's degree in finance is Pound37,000 a year.

2.巴黎高等商学院 HEC Paris

2. Paris Institute of Higher Business HEC Paris

是法国最负盛名的高等商业管理学院，也是欧洲最著名的商学院之一。HEC商学院设有管理学硕士(Grand coleé/MSc in Management)、工商管理硕士(MBA)、高级管理人员工商管理硕士(EMBA)和博士学位(PhD)等教学项目。

The HEC Business School has such teaching programmes as a Master of Management (Grand Coleé/MSc in Management), a Master of Business Administration (MBA), a Master of Business Administration (EMBA) and a Ph.D. degree (PhD) for senior managers.

HEC商学院国际排名领先，连续第8年被评为欧洲第一商学院。此外， HEC商学院拥有诸多杰出校友，包含多位世界500强企业CEO及政界菁英，欧莱雅、安盛保险、巴黎银行的CEO、法国前总统奥朗德均毕业于此。

For the eighth consecutive year, the HEC Business School has been ranked Europe’s First Business School. Moreover, the HEC Business School has a number of outstanding alumni, including a number of world’s 500-strong companies, CEOs and political elites, who graduated from L’Olaya, Ansein Insurance, the CEO of the Bank of Paris, and former French President Hollande.

成绩要求

Performance requirements

托福100分以上;雅思7分以上

More than 100 in Toph; and more than 7 in Yas.

GMAT均分710

GMAT has an average score of 710.

金融项目要求会更高

Financial projects are more demanding.

学习费用

Learning costs

不同项目费用不同

Different project costs

法国高商研究生费用

French high-market postgraduate fees

每年在8000-18000欧

Eight thousand - 18,000 euros a year.

3.欧洲工商管理学院 INSEAD

3. European Institute of Business Administration INSEAD

INSEAD是世界一流、规模最大的研究生商学院之一，历年排名首位的商学院，在法国枫丹白露(临近巴黎)，亚洲新加坡及阿布扎比设有三大校区，但只有法国和新加坡两个校区提供MBA项目，这两个校区的课程相同，学生可以在学期(period)间选择更换校区。

INSEAD is one of the world's leading and largest graduate business colleges, the first business college in a calendar year, with three main campuses in Danbeau (near Paris) in France, Singapore in Asia and Abu Dhabi, but only two campuses in France and Singapore offer MBA projects with the same curriculum, with students choosing to replace campuses between school terms (period).

来自34个国家的150名著名教务专家每年为MBA、EMBA、专业文凭课程以及博士课程的1,300多名学员授课 。

More than 1,300 participants in MBA, EMBA, professional diploma courses and doctoral courses are taught each year by 150 prominent teaching specialists from 34 countries.

成绩要求

Performance requirements

托福最低105分;雅思最低7.5分

Tofu has a minimum of 105 points; Yas has a minimum of 7.5 points.

毕业时要求掌握三门语言

When you graduate, you need to learn three languages.

GMAT不设最低限制，均分704分

No minimum limit for GMAT, 704 points on average.

学习费用

Learning costs

每年71,000欧元

71,000 euros per year

4.圣加仑大学 University of St. Gallen

University of St. Gallen

圣加仑大学是一所位于瑞士圣加仑的研究型大学。该校建立于1898年，主要学科包括工商管理、经济学、法学和国际事务学，且尤以金融、工商管理而见长，在欧洲以精英教育而闻名，被誉为欧洲的哈佛大学 。

The University of St. Gallen is a research-based university in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Established in 1898, the main disciplines include business administration, economics, law and international affairs, and are well known in Europe for its elite education, and are known as Harvard University in Europe.

尽管圣加仑大学是瑞士规模最小的大学之一，它却拥有瑞士规模最大的工商管理教师队伍 。根据英国金融时报的商学院2016年排名，圣加仑大学在全球管理硕士排名第一。

Although St. Gallen’s University is one of the smallest universities in Switzerland, it has the largest body of business administration teachers in Switzerland. According to the British Financial Times’ Business School in 2016, St. Gallen’s University ranks first in global management.

成绩要求

Performance requirements

雅思6.5以上;托福100以上

Yas 6.5 or more; Toss 100 or more

GMAT不设最低要求

GMAT does not set minimum requirements

学习费用

Learning costs

每年学费约为2340瑞士法郎

The annual tuition fee is approximately 2,340 Swiss francs.

生活费大约700瑞士法郎

The cost of living is about 700 Swiss francs.

5.IESE商学院 IESE Business School

5. IESE Business School IESE Business School

IESE商学院1958年初建于巴塞罗那, 是Navarra大学的商学院。在全球拥有西班牙巴塞罗那和马德里、美国纽约曼哈顿、德国慕尼黑和巴西圣保罗五大校区，并在这些校区开设包括 MBA、EMBA、全球 EMBA、管理学博士等学位项目，以及针对企业高管的各种高级管理培训项目。主校区位于巴塞罗那市区。

IESE Business School, a business college of Navarra University, was founded in Barcelona at the beginning of 1958. It has five major campuses in Barcelona and Madrid, New York, United States, Manhattan, Munich, Germany, and São Paulo, Brazil.

IESE 商学院与哈佛商学院是盟校，哈佛-IESE 联合委员会成立于 1963 年，在哈佛商学院的协助下， IESE 于 1964 年成立了欧洲最早的MBA 项目。

ISE Business School and Harvard Business School are allied schools, and the Harvard-IEE Joint Commission was established in 1963, with the assistance of Harvard Business School, and in 1964 IESE established the oldest MBA project in Europe.

成绩要求

Performance requirements

除了托福或雅思成绩，IESE还要求西班牙语成绩

In addition to Tof or Yass, IESE also requires Spanish.

GMAT均分690分

The GMAT score is 690.

MBA学生的平均工作时间为5.2年

The average working time for MBA students is 5.2 years

学习费用

Learning costs

每年70,000欧元

Euro70,000 per year

6.博科尼大学 Bocconi University

6. Bocconi University

博科尼大学坐落于意大利米兰，是意大利最好的商学院、世界顶尖商学院。一个多世纪以来，从这里走出了无数的意大利政要、经管学术界大师、企业界大牛。在2018QS世界大学商科硕士排名中，博科尼大学的金融硕士、管理硕士分别位于全球第8与第11。

For more than a century, the University of Boconi is located in Milan, Italy, the best business school in Italy, and the best in the world. From here, it has emerged numerous Italian dignitaries, masters in the management of academia, and big bulls in the business world. In the 2018QS World University ranking, Boconi’s Master of Finance and Master of Management are located in the 8th and 11th world, respectively.

博科尼商业大学下辖会计系、经济系、金融系、管理系、决策科学系、法律系、制度分析与公共管理系等学术单位。大学的授课语言为意大利语和英语，开设了本科、研究生(包括硕士研究生和博士研究生)以及MBA等专业，所有项目几乎都围绕着经济、管理、法律等学科展开，是一所纯粹的现代商科院校。

The Faculty of Accounting, the Faculty of Economics, the Faculty of Finance, the Faculty of Management, the Faculty of Policy-Making Sciences, the Faculty of Law, the Department of Institutional Analysis and Public Administration, and other academic units of the Bokoni Commercial University.

成绩要求

Performance requirements

托福100以上;雅思不低于6.5(单项不低于5.5)

Tofu over 100; Yas not less than 6.5 (one item not less than 5.5)

GMAT不设最低成绩，700+有机会申请奖学金金

GMAT with no minimum achievement, 700+ opportunity to apply for scholarship

学习费用

Learning costs

每年5000-5800欧元;学校奖学金很多

Euro5,000-5800 per year; high number of school scholarships

GMAT成绩会是重要的参考标准

GMAT performance will be an important reference.

7.瑞士IMD商学院 International Institute for Management Development

7. International Institute for Management Development, IMD Business School, Switzerland

IMD商学院坐落于瑞士西部城市洛桑，比邻美丽的日内瓦湖。该学院是一所世界著名的企业经营管理培训学院，拥有50余年的教育和研究经验，为大中型国际商业社团及家族公司培训了大批经营管理人才。

The IMD Business School, located in Lausanne, the western city of Switzerland, is located next to the beautiful Lake of Geneva. It is a world-renowned business management training institute with over 50 years of educational and research experience and has trained a large number of business managers for large and medium-sized international business associations and family companies.

每年，大约有5500名来自70多个国家的企业经营管理人员，报名参加20多个公开招生的企业经营管理培训课程。课程采用英语授课，可颁发MBA和EMBA等学位。

Each year, approximately 5,500 business managers from more than 70 countries enrol in more than 20 publicly-recruited business management training courses.

需要注意的是：IMD仅提供MBA与EMBA学位，不提供本科与其他硕士学位。

It should be noted that IMD offers only MBA and EMBA degrees and does not offer undergraduate and other master's degrees.

8.埃塞克高等商学院 ESSEC

8. Essex Higher Business School ESSEC

法国著名学府埃塞克高等商学院是欧洲第一所AACSB和EQUIS双重认证的商学院，目前有来自全球50个国家大约5000名全日制的注册学生，开设超过25门的学位课程。

The Essex Institute of Higher Business, the leading French academic institution, is the European first AACSB and EQUIS double-accredited business college. It currently has about 5,000 full-time students from 50 countries around the world and offers more than 25 degree courses.

ESSEC的全球工商管理学士(Global BBA)专业在法国的工商管理学士专业中位列第一。自2008年连续6年一直在法国Challenge网站位列榜首。2018年《金融时报》世界商学院排名23位;泰晤士高等教育世界商学院排名第27位。

The ESSEC bachelor of global business administration (BBA) is ranked first among France’s BBAs. It has been ranked first on the French Challenge website for six consecutive years since 2008. The Financial Times was ranked 23 in 2018 at the World Business School; and the Times of Higher Education World Business School was ranked 27th in 2018.

成绩要求

Performance requirements

雅思6.5分以上

Arthur's 6.5 or more.

GMAT建议 680以上

GMAT Recommendation Over 680

GPA均分3.5分

The GPA has a 3.5-point average.

学习费用

Learning costs

每年19,000欧元

Euro19,000 per year

9.鹿特丹管理学院 Rotterdam School of Management

Rotterdam School of Management

鹿特丹管理学院隶属于鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学，是欧洲乃至全球的最顶尖商学院之一，也是荷兰商学院最高学府。鹿特丹管理学院在历年全球各大榜单之中均位列全球top50商学院，2016年U.S.News全球商学院排行榜中位列第15位。

The Rotterdam Institute of Management, affiliated with the University of Erasmus in Rotterdam, is one of the best business colleges in Europe and the world, and the highest in the Netherlands Business School. The Rotterdam School of Management is ranked 15th in the top list of global top50s in 2016 at the U.S. News Global Business School.

鹿特丹管理学院(RSM)拥有国际管理教育认证体系的三项认证：AMBA, EQUIS和AACSB，全球仅有1%的商学院获此殊荣。根据《金融时报》(Financial Times)最新排名，RSM在欧洲商学院中排名第十。

The Rotterdam Institute of Management (RSM) has three certifications for the International Management Education Certification System: AMBA, EQUIS, and AACSB, with only 1% of business schools globally being honoured. According to the Financial Times, RSM is ranked tenth in the European Business School.

成绩要求

Performance requirements

雅思最低6.5分

At least 6.5 points for Yass.

GMAT最低600分

GMAT minimum 600 points

GPA 3.0分以上

GPA 3.0 and above

学习费用

Learning costs

该校为非欧盟国籍学生提供丰厚的奖学金

The school offers generous scholarships to non-EU students

荷兰奖学金，金额5000欧

Dutch scholarship, Euro500.

FI-ad奖学金，金额在6000-8000欧

FI-ad scholarship, amounting to 6,000-8,000 euros

10.牛津大学赛德商学院 Sad Business School, University of Oxford

Sad Business School, University of Oxford

牛津大学赛德商学院成立于1996年,虽然年仅“20岁”，在古老的牛津大学中资历尚浅，但它却被《哈佛商业评论》誉为欧洲发展最快的商学院。

Founded in 1996 as a “20-year-old” and well-qualified in the ancient University of Oxford, the Business Review of Oxford was recognized as the fastest-growing business college in Europe.

该商学院的学生不但有机会成为一名成功的商业管理者，还可以与牛津大学人类学、经济学、国际关系、法律、政治和心理学等学科的教学资源进行充分的接触在《金融时报》最新公布的全球高管教育排名中，牛津大学赛德商学院的公开课程位列世界第2，并第4次蝉联英国冠军。

In addition to having the opportunity to become a successful business manager, students at the Business School also have full access to teaching resources in the disciplines of anthropology, economics, international relations, law, politics and psychology at Oxford University.

成绩要求

Performance requirements

以金融学为例

Take finance, for example.

雅思均分7.5，单项不低于7;托福均分110，各项均有最低要求

The Yass score is 7.5, not less than 7, and the Tofu score is 110, with minimum requirements.

GMAT均分690，建议700+

GMAT score 690. Recommendation 700+

学习费用

Learning costs

金融硕士学费每年37,693英镑

Master's degree in finance Pound37,693 per annum

以上是选校帝为你整理的出国留学干货，希望对你有帮助。如果你想要了解更多资讯，欢迎关注选校帝。

If you want more information, you're welcome to pay attention to your choice.

说到荷兰，在我们的印象中，他是一种花卉种植大国，但很少有人会直接与农业联系起来。事实上如果我们深入思考，一个没有我们的台湾大的小国有这样的高产花，这显示了他的农业实力。

speaks of the Netherlands, where, in our impression, he is a big flower-growing country, but few are directly associated with agriculture. In fact, if we think deeply, a small country without our Taiwan does have such high-yielding flowers, it shows his agricultural power.

据估计，荷兰是世界的第一大农业电力，估计荷兰在产值和技术方面是妥妥的世界。荷兰农产品出口额达到1135亿美元，仅次于1405亿美元的美国。世界前五大农产品出口国中，美，荷兰，德，法国巴西），其中荷兰纬度最高，陆地面积最小。

The Netherlands is estimated to be the world’s largest agricultural power, and the Netherlands is estimated to be good in terms of output and technology. Dutch agricultural exports amount to $113.5 billion, after $14.5 billion in the United States. Among the world’s top five agricultural exporters, the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, and France, Brazil, the Netherlands has the highest latitude and the smallest land area.

技术方面，荷兰掌握了农业领域的“核心科技”-种子。荷兰是种子行业的世界领导者，种子出口近17亿美元，而且没有转基因种子。在种植方面，以西红柿为例，国内普通温室西红柿单位面积产量为10-15kg/m2，而荷兰可达到70-80kg。就是这样一个小国，蔬菜和水果的产量在世界中排名第三，所有温室作物的单位面积产量几乎是世界的第一。

In terms of technology, the Netherlands has “core technology”-seeds in agriculture. The Netherlands is the world leader in the seed industry, with seeds exporting close to $1.7 billion and without genetically modified seeds. In terms of cultivation, tomatoes, for example, produce 10-15 kg/m2 of common greenhouse tomatoes, while the Netherlands can reach 70-80 kg.

荷兰人是“作弊”

Dutch are “stealing”

一个荷兰一个西红柿棚相当于中国的八个温室，这让很多人觉得不可思议是真的！但话说回来，荷兰人毕竟是“作弊”，因为他们从事“变态”版本的设施农业。

A Dutch tomato shed is equivalent to eight greenhouses in China, which many find to be incredible. But, in the end, the Dutch are “false” because they work in the “pervert” version of facility agriculture.

什么是设施农业，简单地说就是高科技温室。然而荷兰的温室比我们通常看到的温室还要多“开挂”，并实现了人工智能控制。在荷兰里，种植西红柿的温室很高，西红柿看起来像参天大树，由于24小时光照和精确的温度控制，番茄一年365天都可以结果实，“作弊”的细节将在后面讨论。

What is a facility agriculture, and simply a high-tech greenhouse. But the greenhouses in the Netherlands are more “strung up” than the greenhouses we usually see, and artificial intelligence controls are achieved. In the Netherlands, the greenhouses for tomatoes are very high, and tomatoes look like big trees. With 24 hours of light and precise temperature control, tomatoes can work for 365 days a year, and the details of “deficit” will be discussed later.

当然，“作弊”并不容易，他需要高昂设备成本和额外的能源和维护投资，如果荷兰的陆地面积较大或海拔较低，他们可能不会走“极端”农业路线。农业如此发展有其历史和地理原因。

Of course, cheating is not easy, and he needs high equipment costs and additional energy and maintenance investments, and if the land area of the Netherlands is large or low above sea level, they may not follow the “extreme” agricultural route. There are historical and geographical reasons for this development.

强迫农业

Forced agriculture

荷兰，贫瘠的欧洲小国一直对农业产生了非常紧迫的危机感。在二战时期德国占领期间，爆发了一场饥荒，两万多人死于饥饿，荷兰人从痛苦的经验中吸取教训，开始致力于大力发展农业，寻求农业自给自足。

The Netherlands, a poor small European country, has been experiencing a very acute sense of crisis in agriculture. During the German occupation during World War II, a famine broke out, more than 20,000 people died of hunger, and the Dutch, drawing lessons from their painful experience, began to work hard to develop agriculture and seek agricultural self-sufficiency.

农业的发展需要科学研究和技术支持，在此背景下，荷兰的瓦赫宁根逐渐得到荷兰政府的支持（排名前三的另外两所农业大学分别是美国的康奈尔大学和加利福尼亚大学的戴维斯）。

In the context of the need for scientific research and technical support for the development of agriculture, Vahningen in the Netherlands is gaining support from the Government of the Netherlands (the top three agricultural universities are Cornell University in the United States and Davis at the University of California, respectively).

在瓦赫宁根大学有多少头牛，以人造肉为例，你就会知道。如今人造肉不再是新鲜的东西了，虽然牌手不多，但仍有一些麻将桌，无一例外，市面上所有的人造肉都是“碎肉”，没有像牛排或鸡胸肉那样的整块肉，这一领域一直是人造肉领域的难点。去年，瓦大报道成功做了一份蔬菜牛排。

You will know how many cattle there are at Vaheningen University, for example, man-made meat. Artificial meat is no longer fresh. Although there are few players, there are still some mahjong tables, without exception. All man-made meat on the market is “fried meat” and there is no whole piece of meat like steak or chicken breast meat, an area that has been difficult in the area of man-made meat.

虽然这项技术的发明有点偶然（灵感来自一个错误实验材料），但他也显示了Wada的广泛业务范围。

Although the technology was invented by chance (intentioned by an erroneous experimental material), he also showed Wada's broad scope of operations.

除了牛逼大学不够，瓦赫宁根大学被美国硅谷“食谷”（FoodValley）包围着。因为目标明确，政策正确，执行到位，荷兰很快就实现了粮食自给自足，再也停不住了，一步一步地，他变成了农产品，大国的输出，这非常令人惊讶。

In addition to the lack of strong universities, Vaheningen University is surrounded by the GoodValley in Silicon Valley. With clear objectives, correct policies and implementation in place, the Netherlands quickly achieved food self-sufficiency, no longer stops, one step at a time, turning him into an agricultural product, and the export of large powers, which is surprising.

荷兰农业的固有缺陷是非常明显，土地利用面积小，纬度高，与我国漠河相同，虽然他比漠河暖和得多，但他无法逃避漫长而严酷的冬天。发展设施农业，提高单位面积产量是唯一可行的途径，在国内风能和地热资源的帮助下，荷兰人创造了农业风生水起。

The deficiencies inherent in Dutch agriculture are very obvious, with small land-use areas and high latitudes, the same as our desert river, which, although much warmer than the river, could not escape a long and harsh winter. The development of facility agriculture, with an increase in unit area production, is the only viable way to create an agricultural boom with the help of domestic wind and geothermal resources.

虽然早期投资和维护的成本很高，但其优点是非常明显：光照可控，室温可控，病虫害可控，优化肥料和供水。这些都为荷兰农业实现其他国家无法超越的产量提供了技术保障。凭借多年的技术和经验，高昂的高产率已被添加到高昂中，相反，荷兰温室番茄的成本低于欧洲其他国家。

While the costs of early investment and maintenance are high, their advantages are clear: light is manageable, room temperature is manageable, pests are manageable, fertilizers are optimized, and water supplies are available. These provide technical security for Dutch agriculture to achieve production that other countries cannot exceed.

这就是西红柿全球第22大番茄生产国荷兰已成为全球最大的番茄出口国，年出口额超过20亿美元，超过世界第一大番茄生产国中国，当然，我们国内的消费也是一个很大的原因，但不可否认的是西红柿中的西红柿是荷兰农业的金字招牌。

That is why the Netherlands, the twenty-second largest tomato producer in the world, has become the world's largest exporter of tomatoes, exporting more than $2 billion a year and exceeding China, the world's world's largest tomato producer. Of course, domestic consumption is also a great reason, but it is undeniable that tomatoes in tomatoes are the gold brand of Dutch agriculture.

寿光出价荷兰？

What's the Dutch price for your life?

山东寿光因在流行期间用大白菜支持武汉而为中国人所知，可以知道寿光是中国最大的蔬菜种植基地。这被国务院命名为中国蔬菜小镇

Shandong is known to Chinese for supporting Wuhan with big cabbage during the popular period, knowing that she is the biggest vegetable growing base in China. This is named Chinese Vegetable Town by the State Department.

由于地方领导人的远见卓识，他们很早就开始发展温室农业，到之前为止，他们可以常年向全国供应新鲜蔬菜，并出口到日本、韩国、美国、俄罗斯。全年交易的蔬菜品种有300多种，年交易额超过100亿元。之前，寿光和加利福尼亚、荷兰的兰辛格兰和西班牙的Al梅利亚称为“世界四大蔬菜区域优势中心”。

Thanks to the vision of local leaders, they began to develop greenhouse agriculture very early, and until then they had been able to supply fresh vegetables to the country on a yearly basis and export them to Japan, South Korea, the United States, and Russia. More than 300 vegetable varieties were traded throughout the year, with an annual turnover of more than $10 billion.

可以毫不夸张地说，如果寿光遭受自然灾害天气，那么你市的蔬菜价格将在有可能上下波动，就像一头公牛。现在寿光不仅在生产独领风骚，而且在技术上走在了全国前列。

It is no exaggeration to say that, in the event of a natural disaster, the price of vegetables in your city is likely to fluctuate, like a bull. Life is now not only producing monopolistic troubles, but also technologically leading the country.

通过空间优化育种，寿光获得“宇宙寿光”称号；

(a) Optimizing breeding through space and acquiring the title “Cosmos Lifelight” at the end of life;

科技已融入日常蔬菜种植过程，通过手机APP，农民可以实现化肥水一体化机补光灯、卷帘机等智能设备的远程控制；

Science and technology have been integrated into the routine vegetable-planting process, and through mobile phone APP farmers have been able to achieve remote control of smart equipment such as fertilizer water integration machine rehydration lamps, curtain machines, etc.;

积极探索新的种植模式：水培技术、鱼菜共生等。培育“补钙菜”、降压蔬菜高维C等功能性蔬菜；

Actively exploring new cultivation patterns: aquatic techniques, fish symbiotics, etc., fosters functional vegetables such as calcium supplement, pressure-relief vegetables such as C;

寿光不适合荷兰路由

Life isn't a Dutch route.

让我们回到西红柿的主题，如果是本地的西红柿收益率，肯定不会像荷兰的八分之一那么惨淡，但也很难超越他。过去国内一些科研机构复制荷兰技术进行实验室操作，结果显示却仅为荷兰产量的一半。

Let's go back to the theme of tomatoes, which would certainly not be as bad as one-eighth in the Netherlands, but it would also be difficult to get over him. In the past, some of the country's scientific institutions replicated Dutch technology for laboratory operations, but it turned out to be only half of Dutch production.

就说西红柿，现阶段我国走荷兰路线，即使没有技术和资金问题，也没有市场空间。因为我们的国情和荷兰相差太大了，我国之前还没有一条高投入、高产出的经济有效途径，欧洲番茄的附加值远高于我国。

To speak of tomatoes, we are on the Dutch route at this stage, with no market space, even without technical and financial problems. Because our national situation is so different from that of the Netherlands, we do not have an economically effective way to produce high inputs and output, and the value added of European tomatoes is much higher than that of our country.

中国番茄的巨大产量限制了番茄的价格，因此可以学习荷兰的技术，却不一定适用于中国。荷兰的农业理念也可以借鉴一两点：农业发展方向必然要走可持续路线，更合理地利用资源，实现尽可能多的产出。

China’s huge tomato production limits the price of tomatoes, so it is possible to learn Dutch technology, but it is not necessarily applicable to China. The Netherlands’ agricultural philosophy can also draw on one or two points: agricultural development is bound to follow a sustainable path and more rational use of resources to produce as much output as possible.

在农业领域，寿光和荷兰之间有很大的差距，除了技术，还有更多的种子。种子之于农业，犹如芯片之于科技。虽然国内育种取得了很大进展，但包括中国在内的寿光优质种源大多被荷兰等国家垄断。

In agriculture, there is a wide gap between life expectancy and the Netherlands, with more seeds than technology. Seeds are in agriculture, like chips in technology.

寿光或中国种植者面临着巨大的竞争和挑战，毕竟像荷兰这样的老农业大国，经历了比我国更长的技术积累过程，相比之下，我国农业起步于上世纪代，虽然落后多年，但仍有许多成果后来居上。

Lifetime or Chinese growers face enormous competition and challenges. After all, older agricultural powers such as the Netherlands have gone through a much longer process of technological accumulation than ours, compared with our agriculture, which began in the last century and, despite years of backwardness, has achieved much later.

当然，寿光比荷兰有明显的优势，其中最重要是土地资源，只要有土地，就有无限的可能性。

Of course, life expectancy has a clear advantage over the Netherlands, the most important of which is land resources, with unlimited possibilities as long as there is land.