作为虚拟币行业人士而言，我们经常都会说到中国比特币禁令时有很多细节是需要注意的。你知道中国比特币禁令2017？今天就让小编跟你们说说吧！
As a virtual money trader, we often talk about a lot of details that need attention when China bans bitcoin. You know the Chinese ban on bitcoin, 2017. Let the editor talk to you today.
时隔四年之后，币圈再次迎来几大部委的联手整顿。
Four years later, the currency circle has again come together in a number of major ministries.
9月24日下午，央行、银保监会、网信办、外汇局等十部委发布了《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币交易炒作风险的通知》。
On the afternoon of 24 September, ten ministries, including the Central Bank, the Silver Insurance Supervisory Board, the Web-based Information Office and the Foreign Exchange Bureau, issued a circular on the further prevention and management of the risks associated with virtual currency transactions.
通知指出，比特币、以太币等虚拟货币，不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位，不能作为货币在市场上流通；虚拟货币相关业务活动属于非法金融活动，应坚决依法取缔等。
The circular states that virtual currencies such as Bitcoin and Temas do not have the same legal status as legal currencies and do not circulate on the market as such; virtual currency-related operations are illegal financial activities and should be strictly outlawed by law, etc.
与此同时，国家发改委也发布文件，矛头直指“挖矿”：禁止任何名义“挖矿” ，将数据中心类企业相关承诺纳入征信；将虚拟货币“挖矿”活动列为淘汰类产业，停止一切财税支持等。
At the same time, the National Development and Reform Commission has issued a document that directs itself to “mining”: prohibits any nominal “mining” and incorporates the relevant commitments of data centre-type enterprises into letters; lists the virtual currency “mining” activities as a phase-out industry; and stops all fiscal support.
消息出来后，主流加密货币皆应声而跌。比特币跌破41000美元/枚，日内跌8.74%。
When the news came out, the mainstream encrypted currency fell. Bitcoin fell by $41,000 per piece, and 8.74 per cent per day.
以太坊跌破2800美元/枚，日内跌11.23%。其他币种如莱特币、狗狗币等跌幅也都不小。
It fell by $2,800, 11.23 per cent in the day. The other currencies, such as Leitco, canine, and so on, are not small.
这次出台的监管政策，不仅让人想起四年前的币圈“9·4禁令”。2017年9月4日，央行等七部门曾出手正式叫停ICO融资。此后各大交易所代币价格一路下跌，数百家小交易所倒闭或出海，币圈迎来一个大熊市。
This regulatory policy is not only reminiscent of the “9/4 ban” on the currency ring four years ago. On September 4, 2017, seven sectors, including the central bank, officially suspended ICO financing.
同样是在九月，同样是多个部位联手，币圈会再次迎来一场“狂风暴雨”吗？
Also in September, in the same combination of several parts, will the currency ring be re-emerged with a “blown storm”?
实际上，自今年5月以来，国内对于虚拟货币的监管政策就在持续收紧，对于虚拟货币挖矿和交易的打击力度也在不断加大，国内加密货币行业正在迎来一场史无前例的监管风暴。
Indeed, since May of this year, domestic regulatory policies on virtual currency have continued to tighten, attacks on virtual currency mining and trading have intensified, and the domestic cryptographic currency industry is experiencing an unprecedented regulatory storm.
有行业人士对凤凰网《风暴眼》表示：政策的出发点，除了维护正常的金融秩序，打击空气币、传销等违法行为外，更是在‘双碳’政策的大背景下，对这种于国计民生无益且高耗能的虚拟货币挖矿行为的闭环打击。”
According to industry, the starting point of the policy, in addition to maintaining a normal financial order and combating offences such as air currency, distribution, etc., is a closed blow to this unhelpful and energy-intensive virtual currency mining by the country's citizens in the broader context of the “double carbon” policy.”
十部委联手，此次监管政策有何不同？
Together with the 10 ministries, what is the difference in the regulatory policy this time?
9月24日，央行等十部委发布的文件，和之前对于虚拟货币的监管政策有何不同呢？
On 24 September, the Central Bank and 10 ministries issued documents that differed from previous regulatory policies on virtual currency.
世界经合组织区块链政策委员会专家王娟认为，相较于之前的文件，这次的文件在内容上变化非常大。它是分级分类，由中央到省市，再到县乡，一层一层的去进行分级整治，对存量增量都有不同的具体实施方法，包括对大数据园区、对高新技术园区异常用电的核查，都是非常具体的实施措施。从财税优惠、金融政策，到地方监管、举报，全面的进行细致化的整治、打击，这个内容是史无前例的。
According to Wang Jun, an expert from the World Economic Cooperation Organization (OECD) Block Chain Policy Committee, the document has changed considerably in content compared to the previous document. It is classified from central to provincial to sub-prefectural, sub-district to sub-district, and there are different practical means of implementation of the stock increase, including verification of abnormal use of electricity in large data parks and high-technology parks. From fiscal concessions, financial policies, to local regulation, reporting, comprehensive and detailed correction and suppression, which is unprecedented.
王娟表示，特别要关注的是，以前虚拟货币挖矿被发改委从产业结构调整目录淘汰类去除之后，这一次虚拟挖矿重新进入了淘汰类的目录。这是一个非常明显的信号，虚拟货币交易和挖矿在国内处于一个逐步的，完全清退的趋势中。这个文件里特别也提出，数据中心是不可以用于来挖矿的，所以企图在数字经济、战略新兴产业、数据中心建设等一些比较热点的词汇上去挖掘监管的空白地带应该是越来越小。
Wang Xing said that it was particularly important to note that, after the previous phase-out of virtual currency mining by the CDRC from the Industrial Restructuring Catalogue, this time virtual mining re-entered the phase-out catalogue. This is a very clear signal that virtual currency trading and mining are in a gradual and total retreat in the country. It is also argued, inter alia, that data centres cannot be used for mining, so that attempts to exploit regulatory gaps in some of the more hot spots, such as the digital economy, strategic and emerging industries, and data centre construction, should be smaller and smaller.
财经 评论员王赤坤认为：“这次打击虚拟币炒作的部委中增加了公安部、最高法、最高检等，将相关虚拟币交易行为定性为非法金融活动，将境外交易所在境内的相关活动也定义为非法金融活动，从事虚拟币炒作不仅损失财产还会涉及犯罪入刑。相关个人相关公司和相关产业链应关注、知晓、理解和把握相关政策信号，提前预案，及时做好相关退出工作。”
“The Ministry of Public Security, the Supreme Law, the Supreme Court, etc. have been added to the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, the Republic of Finance, the Republic of Finance, the Republic of the Republic of Finance, the Republic of Finance, the Republic of the Republic of Finance, the Republic of the Republic of the Republic of the Republic of the Republic of the Republic of China, the Republic of China, and the Republic, and the Republic of China, and the Republic of China, and the Ministry of Japan, and the Ministry of Japan, the United of the Republic of the United of the United of the Republic of the Republic of China, the Russian Federation of China, and the Russian Federation of the Republic of the Republic of the Republic of the United of the Republic of the United of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation, the Republic, the Republic, the Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic, the Republic, the Republic, the Republic of the Republic of the Republic of the United of the Republic, the United of the United of the Republic of the Republic of the Republic of the Republic of the United of the United of the Republic, the Ministry, the Ministry, the United of
针对这次政策带来的影响，有律师认为，这次发文有“最高院”“最高检”，区别于之前的银行、行业协会等发文，后续政策落地和各地法院判例都会有明显的价值倾向。
In response to the impact of this policy, counsel argues that the communication was presented by the “Supreme House” “Supreme Review”, which was distinguished from previous communications from banks, trade associations, etc., and that there was a clear tendency to value the subsequent policy and the jurisprudence of the courts everywhere.
“单纯从法律角度，个人层面的风险没有因为这个文件而发生变化。核心风险在于平台方，OTC商户次之，这一点要看政策在各地落地的情况。”该律师表示。
“As a matter of law alone, the risk at the individual level has not changed as a result of this document. The core risk lies in the platform, followed by the OTC business, depending on the location of the policy.” The lawyer states.
四个月发布19条“禁令”，币圈迎来最严监管风暴
Four months, 19 "stops" were issued, and the currency was the most heavily regulated storm.
如果说2021年前4个月比特币从1万多美元暴涨到6.4万美元，点燃了很多投资者心中的财富欲火的话，那么5月以来国内持续的监管风暴，则浇灭了这把火。
If, in the first four months of 2021, bitcoin surged from more than $10,000 to $64,000, which ignited wealth in the hearts of many investors, the continuing regulatory storm in the country since May has extinguished the fire.
5月18日晚间，中国人民银行官微转载了中国支付清算协会、中银协和互金协会发布的联合公告，明确金融机构、支付机构不得开展与虚拟货币相关的业务。
On the evening of 18 May, the People's Bank of China reprinted the joint communiqué issued by the China Payment Settlement Association, the China Bank Association and the Mutual Gold Association, making it clear that financial institutions and payment agencies are not allowed to carry out business related to virtual currency.
5月19日早间，内蒙古发改委也发布公告，设立虚拟货币“挖矿”企业举报平台，全面受理关于虚拟货币“挖矿”企业问题信访举报。
In the early morning of 19 May, the Inner Mongolia Development Commission (NAMARC) also issued a public announcement establishing a virtual money mining business reporting platform, which will fully receive reports of mail visits on virtual currency mining enterprises.
5月21日，国务院金融委召开第五十一次会议，特别强调“打击比特币挖矿和交易行为，坚决防范个体风险向 社会 领域传递”。
On 21 May, the fifty-first meeting of the Finance Committee of the State Council was held, with particular emphasis on “the fight against the mining and trading of Bitcoin and the determination to prevent the transfer of individual risks to the social sphere”.
此后，内蒙古、云南、四川、新疆、青海等“挖矿”大省也都相继发布了打击虚拟货币挖矿的政策。
Since then, the “mining” provinces of Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Sichuan, Xinjiang and Qinghai have issued successive policies against virtual currency mining.
9月24日，央行等十部委和国家发改委也发布监管文件，禁止任何名义“挖矿” ，坚决依法取缔虚拟货币相关业务。
On 24 September, 10 ministries, including the Central Bank, and the National Development and Reform Commission issued regulatory documents prohibiting any nominal “mining” and firmly outlawing virtual currency-related operations in accordance with the law.
据凤凰《风暴眼》不完全统计，自5月中旬以来，国务院金融委、国家发改委和央行等十部委，以及内蒙古、云南、安徽等省份及相关机构，共发布了12条打击虚拟货币挖矿和交易的监管政策。
According to phoenix Storm Eyes, a total of 12 regulatory policies against virtual currency mining and trading have been issued since mid-May by 10 ministries, including the State Council Finance Committee, the National Development Commission and the Central Bank, as well as by the provinces of Inner Mongolia, Yunnan and Anhui and related institutions.
虽然近些年来国内对于虚拟货币保持了持续的严监管态度，但今年出台的监管政策的数量之多，范围之广，力度之大，可谓史无前例！
Although the country has maintained a consistent and stringent regulatory attitude towards virtual currency in recent years, the number, scope and intensity of regulatory policies introduced this year are unprecedented.
从五月到九月，国内为何会掀起一场针对虚拟货币挖矿和交易行为的监管风暴呢？
From May to September, why is there a domestic regulatory storm against virtual currency mining and trading?
有分析认为，原因可能有多个：一是包括防范“热钱”资金利用比特币违规进出境；二是在DC/EP逐渐推广应用的背景下，清理规范数字货币概念和范围；三是碳中和趋势下，比特币挖矿过于耗电等。
Analysis suggests that there may be a number of reasons: first, to prevent “hot money” funds from entering or leaving the country using Bitcoin; secondly, to clean up the concept and scope of digital currency in the context of the gradual roll-out of DC/EP; and thirdly, in carbon neutralization and trends, to over-charge Bitcoin mining, etc.
打击“挖矿”行为，成为监管重中之重
Combating “mining” is a top regulatory priority
实际上，中国对于比特币等加密货币以及其衍生行业的监管一直是非常严格的。
In fact, China's regulation of encrypted currencies such as bitcoin and its derivatives has been very strict.
早在2013年，央行等五部委就发布了《关于防范比特币风险的通知》；2017年9月4日，央行等七部委发文，将ICO定性为非法集资，取缔了超过38家的非法虚拟货币平台。
As early as 2013, five ministries, including the Central Bank, issued a Notice on Protection against Bitcoin Risk; on 4 September 2017, seven ministries, including the Central Bank, issued a communication characterizing the ICO as illegal fund-raising and banning more than 38 illegal virtual money platforms.
今年6月刚刚被国际货币基金组织（IMF）提议任命为IMF副总裁的央行副行长李波，在谈到比特币等加密货币时曾表示：“比特币等加密资产是投资工具而非货币，应接受相应监管。”
In referring to encrypted currencies such as bitcoin, which was just proposed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for appointment as Deputy Managing Director of the IMF, Li Bo, the Vice-President of the Central Bank, said that “encrypted assets such as bitcoin are instruments of investment, not money, and should be subject to appropriate regulation.”
李波认为，比特币本身不是货币，而是一种另类投资。因此，加密资产将来应该发挥的主要作用，是作为一种投资工具或者是替代性投资。他强调，如果稳定币等加密资产能够成为广泛使用的支付解决方案的话，就需要一个更加强有力的监管规则，也就是说，要比比特币现在所接受的监管规则更加严格。
Li Po argues that Bitcoin is not a currency in itself, but an alternative investment. So the key role that encryption assets should play in the future is either as an investment tool or as an alternative investment. He emphasizes that a stronger regulatory rule is needed if encrypted assets, such as a stable currency, can become a widely used payment solution, that is, more stringent than what Tetco now accepts.
可以看出，对于比特币等加密货币的监管，一直是明确的。但对于“挖矿”，政策上一直没有非常明确规定。
As can be seen, regulation of encrypted currency, such as bitcoin, has been clear. But policy on “mining” has not been very clear.
凤凰网《风暴眼》发现，在这轮针对虚拟货币的监管风暴中，政府亮明了对“挖矿”行为绝不容忍的态度，并且从中央部委到地方政府，打出了一套“组合拳”。
The Phoenix Network Storm Eyes found that during this round of regulatory storms against virtual currency, the Government showed zero tolerance for “mining” and created a set of “combined fists” from central ministries to local governments.
随着国内监管政策的骤然收紧，曾占到全球算力65%的中国比特币矿场，也上演了一幕迁徙出海的“大逃离”。
With the tightening of domestic regulatory policies, the Chinese Bitcoin mine, which had accounted for 65 per cent of global computing power, also featured a “big flight” from the sea.
5月份以来，四川、内蒙古、云南等省份已经关停了大批比特币矿场。国内一些体量较大的矿机企业和矿场主，也陆续向国外迁移。
Since May, the provinces of Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and Yunnan have closed down a large number of Bitcoin mines.
据中国第一家矿机上市企业“嘉楠 科技 ”微信公众号消息，日前，嘉楠 科技 已正式开启在哈萨克斯坦的自营挖矿业务，首批阿瓦隆矿机上架开机运行。
According to information from the "Janan Technology" micro-public, the first company in China to be listed as a miner, KANO has now officially opened its own mining operation in Kazakhstan, and the first Avalon miner has been installed on board.
装车运往海外的阿瓦隆矿机
Avalon mining aircraft loaded and transported overseas
据媒体报道，中国另一大矿机企业比特大陆也在6月 22 日对矿工表示，暂时停售现货机器。此外，比特大陆已宣布全面向海外转移，部分中高层员工正向海外转移。
According to media reports, another major Chinese miner, Bitland, also reported to miners on June 22 that it had temporarily suspended the sale of off-the-shelf machines. In addition, Bitland has announced a full-scale transfer abroad, with some middle- and senior-level employees moving abroad.
中国为何要严打比特币“挖矿”？
Why would China hit Bitcoin hard to "develop"?
在这轮针对虚拟货币挖矿行为的打击清理风暴之前，中国是世界上最大的比特币挖矿集中地，四川省更是被称为“矿都”。
Prior to the storm-cleaning round against virtual currency mining, China was the world's largest concentration of bitcoin mining, and Sichuan Province was known as “mine capital”.
中国的“挖矿”产业究竟有多大？BTC.com上的算力分布图显示，目前世界上最大算力的比特币矿池，如Antpool、F2Pool、BTCC等，都位于中国，中国的算力超过了比特币总算力的60%。
How big is China's “mining” industry? Arithmetic maps on BTC.com show that the world's most able Bitcoin ponds, such as Antpool, F2Pool, BTCC and others, are located in China, where they are more than 60 per cent of the total Bitcoin.
在国外的社交媒体上，甚至还能看到有许多国外的比特币爱好者呼吁要打破中国在比特币上的“算力垄断”。在2018年，知乎上还有人问“比特币算力集中在中国有多大隐患？”
In social media abroad, it can even be seen that many foreign Bitcoin fans have called for breaking China’s “calculation monopoly” on bitcoin. In 2018, it was asked, “How far has bitcoin power been concentrated in China?”
另外，世界上最大的三家矿机企业，嘉楠 科技 、亿邦国际和比特大陆，都诞生于中国。其中嘉楠和亿邦还分别于2019年和2020年在美股上市。
In addition, three of the world’s largest mining companies, KAPAN Technology, Billion Bong International, and Bit Continent, were born in China. In 2019 and 2020, they were listed in the United States stock market.
可以说，在中国，比特币挖矿已经建立了从上游到下游的完整产业链，成为一个庞大的产业。
It can be said that in China, bitcoin mining has established a complete industrial chain from upstream to downstream and has become a huge industry.
这么大的一个产业，政府为何要打掉它呢？因为，它实在太耗能了。
Why would the government take it out of this big industry? Because it's too energy-consuming.
此前剑桥大学另类金融中心公布数据称，比特币的总能源消耗介于40-445兆瓦时（TWh）之间，平均统计约为130兆瓦时，比特币挖矿一年消耗的电量约与荷兰全国用电量相当。
Previously, the University of Cambridge Alternative Finance Centre published data that the total energy consumption of Bitcoin ranged from 40-445 MWh (TWh) to an average of about 130 MWh, and that the amount of electricity consumed by Bitcoin during the year of mining was about the same as that consumed throughout the Netherlands.
由成千上万台矿机组成的比特币矿场
It's a bitcoin mine made up of thousands of machines.
研究还显示，约65%的加密货币挖矿活动在中国进行，而煤炭在中国能源结构中的占比达到60%左右。约75%的矿工使用某种可再生能源，但可再生能源在总能耗中的占比仍不到40%。
Research also shows that about 65 per cent of encrypted money mining is in China, while coal accounts for about 60 per cent of China’s energy structure. Some 75 per cent of miners use some form of renewable energy, but it still accounts for less than 40 per cent of total energy consumption.
有行业人士对凤凰《风暴眼》表示，“在碳中和、碳达峰这样的大背景下，高耗能的挖矿显然是与大方向相悖的，关停只是迟早问题”。
In the words of Phoenix Storm Eyes, “In the context of carbon neutrality and carbon peaks, it is clear that high-energy mining is contrary to the larger direction, and the closure is only a matter of time”.
招联金融首席研究员、复旦大学金融研究院兼职研究员董希淼认为，比特币挖矿行为，往往以“大数据项目”作为掩护，骗取地方政府支持，耗费大量电力资源，不符合实现“碳中和”目标方向。
In the view of the Chief Financial Researcher of the Federation and a part-time researcher at the Institute of Financial Studies of the University of Khatami, the mining of Bitcoin, often under the guise of a “big data project”, has led to the manipulation of local government support, costly electricity resources and inconsistent with the direction of achieving the “carbon-neutral” goal.
他此前在《整治虚拟货币挖矿与交易乱象刻不容缓》文章中指出，金融管理部门应加大对虚拟货币非法挖矿和交易活动的打击力度。对比特币挖矿项目，各地应进行全面清理、及时关停。
In his previous article, " Fixing Virtual Currency Mining and Transactions ", he said that financial administrations should intensify their efforts to combat illicit mining and trading of Virtual Currency. The Bitcoin Mining Project should be completely cleaned up and shut down in a timely manner.
厦门大学中国能源经济研究中心主任林伯强在接受媒体采访时也表示，虚拟货币“挖矿”不仅属于高耗能产业，而且虚拟货币对产业发展没什么贡献，基本上没有其他有益的作用，政府对此加大打击力是合情合理的，特别是“碳中和”的大背景下。
In an interview with the media, the Director of the China Energy Economic Research Centre at Xiamen University, Lim Boqiang, also stated that virtual currency “mining” was not only a highly energy-intensive industry, but that virtual currency contributed little to industrial development and basically had no other beneficial effect, and that it was reasonable for the Government to intensify its efforts to combat it, especially in the broader context of “carbon neutrality”.
林伯强认为，在打击虚拟货币“挖矿”上必须采取“一刀切”，如果不一刀切的话，肯定会有人钻漏洞，因为虚拟货币的利润太高了。
Lindbergh believes that “one-size-fits-all” is necessary in combating the “mining” of virtual currency, and if it is not, there will certainly be a hole in it, because the profits of virtual currency are too high.
世界各国态度不一，有国家将比特币当做法币
There are countries with different attitudes around the world. Some countries use bitcoin as a currency.
实际上不只是中国，英国、美国、韩国等国家也都在考虑加强对加密货币的监管。
Indeed, not only China, but also countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States and the Republic of Korea are considering strengthening the regulation of encrypted currencies.
今年8月，日本最高金融监管机构将加密货币交易商视为反洗钱计划的一部分；日本FSA也考虑实施更严格的加密货币法规。
In August of this year, the Supreme Financial Supervisory Authority of Japan considered cryptographic money dealers as part of its anti-money-laundering programme; the Japan FSA is also considering the introduction of stricter cryptographic currency regulations.
韩国、新加坡等对加密货币相对宽容的国家，也都在加强对比特币等加密货币的监管力度，打击洗钱等行为。今年6月，墨西哥财长表示，墨西哥金融系统禁止使用加密货币。
Countries such as South Korea and Singapore, which are relatively tolerant of encrypted currencies, are also strengthening their control over encrypted currencies, such as bitcoin, and combating money-laundering. In June this year, Mexico’s finance ministers said that the Mexican financial system prohibited the use of encrypted currencies.
今年5月24日，美联储理事布雷纳德表示，在保持安全的央行货币作为基础的情况下，存在竞争的空间，不断改善加密货币监管框架是非常重要的，监管框架应该随着加密货币汇率的发展而变化，与美联储相比，其他监管机构可能在加密货币领域发挥更大的作用。
On 24 May this year, the Federal Reserve Governor, Bernard, stated that, while maintaining a secure central bank currency as a basis, there was room for competition and it was important to continuously improve the regulatory framework for encrypted currencies, which should evolve with the evolution of the exchange rate for encrypted currencies, with other regulators likely to play a greater role in the area of cryptographic currency than the Federal Reserve.
包括美联储在内的美国相关机构一直对加密货币持谨慎和严格监管的态度，包括制裁因涉嫌网络攻击和洗钱的加密货币交易所SUEX等。
Relevant United States agencies, including the Federal Reserve, have been cautious and strictly regulated with regard to encrypted currency, including by sanctioning the encrypted currency exchange SUEX, among others, for suspected cyberattacks and money-laundering.
但与此同时，也有一些国家对比特币等加密货币敞开了怀抱。今年6月，中美洲国家萨尔瓦所就通过了比特币法案，宣布将比特币作为国家法币。
At the same time, however, some countries have opened their minds to encrypted currencies, such as bitcoin. In June this year, the Central American country Salva passed the Bitcoin Act, declaring Bitcoin to be the national currency.
9月7日，萨尔瓦多的比特币法案正式生效，萨尔瓦多也因此成为世界上首个采用比特币作为法定货币的国家。凤凰网《风暴眼》了解到，目前麦当劳、星巴克、必胜客以及当地的一些商店，都已经可以用比特币进行消费支付。
El Salvador’s Bitcoin bill came into force on 7 September, making it the first country in the world to use bitcoin as a legal currency. Phoenix’s Storm Eyes has learned that McDonald’s, Starbucks, winners, and some local shops can now be paid for in bitcoin.
近日，据乌克兰媒体报道，乌克兰最高拉达(乌克兰议会)通过了虚拟资产法案，加密货币等虚拟资产在该国正式合法化。不过与萨尔瓦多不同，乌克兰的法案规定虚拟资产在该国不得作为支付手段，但公民可以合法地持有以及交易。
In recent days, according to Ukrainian media reports, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament) has passed a virtual assets bill that formalizes virtual assets, such as encrypted currency, in the country. However, unlike in El Salvador, the Ukrainian bill provides that virtual assets may not be used as a means of payment in the country, but citizens may legally hold and trade in them.
比特币究竟是“数字黄金”还是骗局？
Is Bitcoin a "digital gold" or a scam?
从2020年下半年开始，币圈持续的暴涨吸引了许多散户投资者涌入币圈，一些瞄准“新韭菜”的各种山寨币、空气币项目也层出不穷。可以说，牛市之下乱象丛生。
Starting in the second half of 2020, the continued boom in the currency circle attracted a large number of large-scale investors, as well as a variety of bouncing and air currency projects aimed at “new pickles.” It can be said that there is chaos under the cattle market.
尽管监管的达摩克利斯之剑已经落下，有人恐惧逃离的同时，也有贪婪者坚守“信仰”。更多的人可能依然充满疑问：比特币究竟是不是骗局？还能够继续投资吗？
Although the regulated sword of Damocles has fallen, there are those who fear to flee, and there are greedy people who adhere to faith. More people may still be in doubt: is Bitcoin a fraud? Will they still be able to invest?
北京大学汇丰商学院经济学教授，国家高端智库中国深圳综合开发研究院院长樊纲在接受凤凰网 财经 采访时表示，比特币就是一场赌博，“你输了，就会输得很惨”。
Professor of Economics, Hong Kong Business School, Beijing University, and President of the China Shenzhen Institute of Integrated Development Studies, National High-level Think Tank, Chen Shenzhen, in an interview with Phoenix Network, said that Bitcoin was a gamble, and that "you lose, you lose badly."
如是金融研究院院长管清友认为，不要把比特币当作一夜暴富的事，你可以去尝试这种所谓的资产波动、体会这个市场，但是大家现在这种抗风险能力，我不建议大家所谓去高杠杆投资，因为你无法控制这样的风险。也许你运气极好，，但从投资概率上来讲，很难赚到钱，因为这是高杠杆、高波动的资产，大部分人都是泡沫。
If the Dean of the Institute of Financial Studies thinks that, instead of treating Bitcoin as a one-night rich thing, you can try this kind of so-called asset volatility and appreciate the market, but now that you are in a position to resist risk, I do not suggest that you go to high-leverage investment, because you cannot control that risk. Perhaps you are lucky, but it is hard to earn money in terms of investment probability, because it is a highly leveraged, volatile asset, most of whom are bubbles.
今年5月，清华五道口金融学院副院长张晓燕接受凤凰网 财经 采访时表示，很支持目前对于比特币等虚拟货币的监管政策，监管政策是在保护散户投资者的血汗钱。
In May of this year, Xiaoyan Zhang, Vice-President of the Qinghua Five-Do Finance Institute, interviewed by Phoenix Network Finance, expressed strong support for the current regulatory policy on virtual currency such as Bitcoin, which protects the sweaty money of bulk investors.
张晓燕表示，央行发行的数字货币和比特币等“虚拟货币”在本质上是不同的。提到目前热议的比特币等“虚拟货币”，她表示，首先，据2018年统计，比特币25-30%的交易场景是非法的。再者，“虚拟货币”的交易缺乏有效监管，其价格容易被操纵，导致价格忽上忽下，波动剧烈。
Referring to “virtual currency” such as bitcoin, which is currently popular, she said, first of all, that, according to 2018, between 25 and 30% of Bitcoin transactions were illegal. Moreover, “virtual currency” transactions were not effectively regulated, and their prices were easily manipulated, leading to high price volatility.
“我很支持目前对于比特币等虚拟货币的监管政策，这些政策是为了保护中小投资者”，她说，中国的散户数量很多，中小投资者的共性是金融知识少，对虚拟货币的了解不够深刻。监管政策是在保护散户投资者的血汗钱。
“I am very supportive of current regulatory policies on virtual currencies, such as bitcoin, designed to protect small and medium-sized investors”, she said, China has a large number of splits, small and medium-sized investors have a low level of financial knowledge and knowledge of virtual currencies. Regulatory policies are designed to protect the sweaty money of bulk investors.
[责任编辑：刘玉芳 PF012]
[Responsible Editor: Liu Yufang PF012]
比特币禁令：中国对于比特币的禁令，就是比特币交易基本面正在变化的一个标志。目前应该思考的是，即使比特币大幅反弹，那么随后仍然可能出现猛烈的下跌。这就让杠杆的投资者，面临严重的风险。
bitcoin ban: China’s ban on bitcoin is a sign that the basics of bitcoin transactions are changing. It is time to think that even if bitcoin rebounds sharply, it may continue to fall sharply. This puts leverage investors at serious risk.
法律依据：
Legislative authority:
《中国人民银行、工业和信息化部、中国银行业监督管理委员会等关于防范比特币风险的通知》第四条防范比特币可能产生的洗钱风险。中国人民银行各分支机构应当密切关注比特币及其他类似的具有匿名、跨境流通便利等特征的虚拟商品的动向及态势，认真研判洗钱风险，研究制定有针对性的防范措施。各分支机构应当将在辖区内依法设立并提供比特币登记、交易等服务的机构纳入反洗钱监管，督促其加强反洗钱监测。提供比特币登记、交易等服务的互联网站应切实履行反洗钱义务，对用户身份进行识别，要求用户使用实名注册，登记姓名、身份证号码等信息。各金融机构、支付机构以及提供比特币登记、交易等服务的互联网站如发现与比特币及其他虚拟商品相关的可疑交易，应当立即向中国反洗钱监测分析中心报告，并配合中国人民银行的反洗钱调查活动；对于发现使用比特币进行诈骗、赌博、洗钱等犯罪活动线索的，应及时向公安机关报案。
The branches of the People's Bank of China should pay close attention to the movement and dynamics of Bitcoin and other similar virtual goods with anonymous, cross-border circulation facilities, and carefully consider the risk of money-laundering and develop targeted preventive measures. Each branch should incorporate into its anti-money-laundering control the establishment and provision of services such as Bitcoin registration, transactions, etc. within its jurisdiction, in accordance with the law, and urge it to strengthen its anti-money-laundering monitoring. Internet stations providing services such as Bitcoin registration, transactions, etc. should effectively fulfil their anti-money-laundering obligations, identify users, require users to register names, identity numbers, etc.. Financial institutions, and Internet stations providing services such as Bitcoin should immediately report suspicious transactions related to Bitcoin and other virtual goods to the Anti-Money-Laundering Monitoring and Analysis Centre of China and cooperate with the anti-money-laundering investigation activities of the People's Bank of China.
是的，已经禁止了
Yes, it's banned.
一、人民银行上述文章内容就是部门指出，虚拟货币交易炒作活动扰乱经济金融正常秩序（正常秩序是什么样子的？大概可以推断就是“没有虚拟货币交易炒作的日子”），滋生非法跨境转移资产、洗钱等违法犯罪活动风险非常多了。赵东被抓主要就是涉及到这方面的事情了），严重侵害人民群众财产安全。
First, the above-mentioned article by the People's Bank points out that the economic and financial order is disrupted by the activities of virtual currency trading (what does the normal order look like? It is presumably “the day when there is no virtual currency trading”) and that the risks of illegal cross-border transfer of assets, money-laundering, etc. are too high. Zhao Dong’s capture is mainly related to this matter, seriously endangering the people’s property.
二、各银行和支付机构必须严格落实《关于防范比特币风险的通知》《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》（2013年12月5日，中国人民银行等五部委联合印发了《关于防范比特币风险的通知》。2017年9月4号，中国人民银行、中央网信办、工业和信息化部、工商总局、银监会、证监会、保监会七部门联合发布了《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》。后一个直接引发了94海啸事件。）等监管规定，切实履行客户身份识别义务，不得为相关活动提供账户开立、登记、交易、清算、结算等产品或服务。
2. Banks and payment agencies must strictly implement the Circular on Protection against the Risks of Bitcoin, the Proclamation on Protection against the Risk of Financing the Issue of Currency (On 5 December 2013, the People's Bank of China and five other ministries jointly issued the Notice on Protection against the Risks of Bitcoin. On 4 September 2017, the People's Bank of China, the Central Network Office, the Ministry of Industry and Informationization, the General Directorate of Commerce and Industry, the Banking Supervisory Board, the Securities Supervisory Board, the Insurance Supervisory Board and the seven departments jointly issued the Proclamation on Protection against the Risk of Financing the Issue of Currency. The latter directly triggered the tsunami.
三、各机构要全面排查识别虚拟货币交易所及场外交易商资金账户（直接在账户层面进行，这个非常狠），及时切断交易资金支付链路；要分析虚拟货币交易炒作活动的资金交易特征，加大技术投入，完善异常交易监控模型（常见的买卖币被冻结银行卡的事情，只会越来越多），切实提高监测识别能力；要完善内部工作机制，明确分工，压实责任（责任不清、分工不明一直是个大问题，也是扯皮的症结。要解决），保障上述文章内容就是监测处置措施落实到位。参会机构表示（前面提到的各家都表态了），将高度重视此项工作，按照人民银行上述文章内容就是要求，不开展、不参与虚拟货币相关的业务活动（不开展不参与，这是两个层面的），进一步加大排查和处置力度，采取严格措施，坚决切断虚拟货币交易炒作活动的资金支付链路（切断资金支付链路，这个挺严重的了）。
iii. Agencies are required to conduct a comprehensive screening of the financial accounts of the Virtual Currency Exchange and the dealers outside the field (which are carried out directly at the level of the accounts, which is very harsh) and to cut off the payment chain of the transaction funds in a timely manner; to analyse the characteristics of the financial transactions in which the virtual currency transactions are being carried out, to increase technical inputs and to improve the monitoring model of unusual transactions (the usual money-trading freeze on bank cards is only increasing); to improve internal working mechanisms, to establish a clear division of labour, to exert pressure on responsibility (undefined responsibilities, an unclear division of labour has been a major problem and a source of corruption. To address this, the content of the above-mentioned article is guaranteed by monitoring the implementation of the disposal measures. The participating institutions (all of the above-mentioned countries have expressed their views) will attach great importance to this work, in line with the above-mentioned article of the People's Bank, to refrain from carrying out and participating in activities related to the virtual currency (the absence of participation, which is two dimensions), and to further increase their detection and disposal, taking strict measures to break the financial payment chain of the virtual currency transactions (which is a serious).
新年刚过，币圈又迎来了新一轮打击，继很多国家之后，科索沃也对比特币矿场出手了。
Just after the New Year, a new round of the currency ring was launched, followed by a large number of countries, Kosovo's Bitcoin mine.
2021年9月，中国率先出台了全面清理比特币矿场的禁令，国内大量矿场被迫出海寻找生路，很多矿场盯上了绿色能源富集的北欧国家，还有一些则瞄准了哈萨克斯坦、伊朗、科索沃等盛产煤炭和天然气的能源国家，连小小的阿布哈兹都吸引了不少矿主。到了2021年秋天，全球已经有超过四分之一的比特币（Bitcoin）产自哈萨克斯坦和伊朗的矿场。
In September 2021, China took the lead in introducing a comprehensive clean-up ban on the Bitcoin mines, forcing large numbers of mines in the country to go out to the sea in search of a way to survive, targeting many of the green-energy-rich Nordic countries, and targeting coal-rich and natural gas-rich countries such as Kazakhstan, Iran, and Kosovo, which attracted even small Abkhazians. By the autumn of 2021, more than a quarter of the world’s Bitcoin had been produced from mines in Kazakhstan and Iran.
不过最近几个月，一些曾经对比特币表示欢迎的国家也开始大批驱赶矿主了。原因无他，这些比特币矿场都是耗电大户，给所到之处造成了电力短缺甚至大面积停电，连德黑兰和阿拉木图这样的首都城市也未能幸免。这对那些相信比特币行业一定能够通过可再生能源解决污染问题的人可以说是“啪啪”打脸。连可再生能源极其丰富的北欧国家都表示，如果任由比特币挖矿业消耗掉越来越多的风能和地热能，北欧国家自身或者都将无法实现它们的清洁能源目标。
In recent months, however, some of the countries previously welcomed by Bitcoin have also begun to drive out large numbers of miners. For no reason, these Bitcoin mines are large consumers of electricity, causing electricity shortages and even massive power outages everywhere, even in capital cities such as Tehran and Almaty.
最近又一些地方被这些“挖矿游击队”盯上了。这些地方应该对此保持警惕，认真思考这些矿场为什么不容于中国、哈萨斯克斯坦和伊朗等国。比如最近，很多矿场都登陆了美国的得克萨斯州，这里已经成了矿圈当前最热的目的地。荷兰经济学家亚历克斯·德·弗里斯经营着一个名叫Digiconomist的追踪比特币能耗的网站，他说：“美国得州人的想法是，有了新的需求之后，就能够修复该州脆弱的电网了。这是我听过的最荒唐的想法。冬天和夏天一般是电网用电需求最大的时候，而比特币采矿只会造成电力供给更加捉襟见肘，结果一定不会好看。”
Recently, for example, many of the mines have landed in Texas, the United States, which has become the hottest destination of the ring. Dutch economist Alex de Fries runs a website called Digiconomist, tracking the use of bitcoins, and says, “The idea of the Americans in Texas is that, with new needs, they can fix the state’s fragile electricity grid. This is the most ridiculous idea I've ever heard. Winter and summer are usually the times when electricity is needed the most, and bitcoin mining can only lead to more energy supply than can be expected.”
现在，对比特币采矿业出手的国家越来越多，这对美国得州、纽约州、肯塔基州以及德国、爱尔兰等仍然欢迎比特币采矿的一些欧洲国家来说是一个值得警惕的信号。让我们看看近期有哪些国家明确表示将打击比特币，首先从新年前夜突袭比特币的科索沃开始。
Today, more and more countries are involved in the Bitcoin mining industry, which is a warning signal to some European countries that still welcome bitcoin mining, such as the United States of America, New York, Kentucky, and Germany, Ireland, among others. Let’s see which countries have made it clear in the near future that they will strike bitcoin, starting with a raid on bitcoin’s Kosovo on the night before New Year’s Eve.
科索沃重拳打击比特币
Kosovo Strikes Bitcoin
近年来，科索沃的火电厂生产的廉价电力吸引了不少比特币矿主。科索沃总共有180万人口，比特币挖矿业主要集中在科索沃北部地区，尤其是在年轻的塞族人口中较为流行。塞族人是科索沃境内的反对势力，他们不承认科索沃是一个国家，而且拒绝缴纳电费。最近几个月，由于当地多家火电厂停机断电，科索沃当局只得从欧洲邻国进口了大量昂贵的天然气用于发电。目前，科索沃有大约40%的能源依赖国外。科索沃已经宣布全境进入60天的紧急状态，在此期间将限制家庭和商业用电。而禁止比特币采矿正是科索沃应对能源危机而打出的一记重拳。
In recent months, Kosovo’s authorities have had to import large amounts of expensive natural gas from neighbouring countries for electricity generation. Kosovo currently has about 40% of its energy dependencies abroad. Kosovo has declared a 60-day state of emergency, which will restrict household and commercial electricity use.
2021年12月31日，科索沃当局宣布“全境禁止生产虚拟货币”。希望比特币禁令颁布后，释放出的多余电力可以帮助科索沃度过这个寒冷的冬天。科索沃传递出的信息是明确的：现在全球能源越来越稀缺，而且越来越多的国家都在质疑，将大量能源用于一种几乎没有什么实际用途的货币，这到底有什么意义吗。
On December 31, 2021, the Kosovo authorities announced “a ban on the production of virtual currency throughout the country.” It is hoped that, with the issuance of the Bitcoin ban, excess electricity will be released to help Kosovo survive this cold winter. The message from Kosovo is clear: what is the point of using large amounts of energy for a currency with little real use?
伊朗再次出手
Iran's doing it again.
2021年5月，伊朗各大城市轮番遭遇停电。为了缓解发电厂的压力，并且给广大家庭储备更多电力，伊朗政府宣布暂停比特币挖矿四个月。不过在短期解禁后不久，伊朗政府于2021年12月28日（也就是科索沃决定打击比特币的前三天）再次决定暂停比特币挖矿。从官方统计看，比特币挖矿的耗电量大致相当于伊朗全国发电量的3%到4%。这项禁令将持续到2022年3月中旬，届时伊朗政府可能会再度允许挖矿，以换取伊朗政府急需的外汇。不过伊朗的挖矿业最大的问题是，超过60%的挖矿都是在非法的“黑作坊”里进行的，就连一些工业级的矿主也在违法“黑挖”。伊朗前总统哈桑·鲁哈尼曾经亲口承认，这些“黑作坊”很难限制，而且会继续占用大量家庭和商业用电。现在伊朗对比特币的态度显然已经趋于负面，因此在禁令到期后，伊朗是否会继续允许挖矿业存在，还是非常值得怀疑的。
The Iranian government announced a four-month moratorium on bitcoin mining in order to ease the pressure on power plants and to reserve more electricity for a large number of households. However, shortly after the short-term lifting, the Iranian government decided again to suspend bitcoin mining on 28 December 2021 (the first three days after Kosovo’s decision to strike bitcoin).
哈萨克斯坦态度转向
Change of attitude in Kazakhstan
除了美国之外，哈萨克斯坦也是从中国离开的矿主们的黄金目的地之一。2021年秋天，剑桥大学（Cambridge University）发现，哈萨克斯坦的比特币产量已经达到了全球总产量的22%。据估算，在中国颁布比特币禁令后，短短几个月内，就有大约9万台矿机被转移到哈萨克斯坦，昼夜不停地进行挖矿。在该国最大城市阿拉木图，采矿业的规模从2021年5月到11月中旬翻了一番。一般来说，哈萨克斯坦的用电量平均每年会增长1%到2%。但是在2021年，由于大量矿场从中国涌入，加之比特币价格飙升吸引来了大量新人加入挖矿业，导致哈萨克斯坦的全国用电量较上年提高了8%。
In addition to the United States, Kazakhstan is also one of the gold destinations of miners leaving China. In autumn 2021, Cambridge University found that Kazakhstan’s production of bitcoin had reached 22% of total global production.
哈萨克斯坦拥有巨量的石油储备，2021年年初，该国还表示有很多富余的电力产能。不过才几个月，比特币就将该国的发电能力打回了原型。到2021年7月，全国各地都出现了停电。为此，政府在9月出台了新规，对50家注册矿场的用电量作出限制。两个月后，政府又颁布了一项法律，将所有新矿场的用户量限制在极低的水平。自此以后，哈萨克斯坦的挖矿热潮开始迅速消退。
By July 2021, power outages had occurred throughout the country. To that end, the Government had introduced a new regulation in September limiting the use of electricity in 50 registered mines. Two months later, the Government had enacted a law limiting the number of users of all new mines to very low levels.
冰岛对挖矿者说“不”
Iceland says "no" to miners.
冰岛坐拥丰富的廉价地热能，这使它近几年吸引了大量挖矿者前来淘金。中国香港的Genesis、Bitfury和加拿大的Hive等挖矿公司都在这个岛国拥有庞大业务。但冰岛的铝冶炼厂和数据中心产业也很发达，这些产业也有巨大的电力需求。现在，冰岛遭遇了能源瓶颈问题，而比特币挖矿正是导致冰岛能源短缺的主要原因。这场能源危机甚至迫使政府削减了对支柱产业的能源供给。2021年12月7日，冰岛的国家能源公司Landsvirkjun宣布，它将不再接受新的虚拟币矿场的用电请求。
But Iceland’s aluminium smelters and data centre industries are also well developed, with huge electricity demand. Iceland now faces energy bottlenecks, and bitcoin mining is the main cause of Iceland’s energy shortage.
瑞典想拉上欧盟一起禁比特币
Sweden wants the EU to ban Bitcoin together.
2021年11月12日，瑞典的两名高级官员给该国监管机构写了一封公开信，并向欧盟（EU）提出要求。此举很有可能影响很多人畅想的“绿色比特币”计划——比如埃隆·马斯克和杰克·多尔西都认为，清洁能源能够让比特币摘掉污染的帽子。写这封信的人是瑞典的环保署署长和金融监管机构负责人，他俩呼吁瑞典领导人叫停境内的所有比特币挖矿行为。他们还呼吁欧盟27国共同签署比特币挖矿禁令。不过他们的理由并非是比特币挖矿的碳足迹问题，而是因为比特币挖矿消耗了大量可再生能源，从而阻碍了传统行业的绿色转型。瑞典有超过50%的电力来自风能、太阳能和水力，它也是世界上绿色能源占比最高的国家之一。由于电价低廉，它也吸引了众多从中国离开的矿商。这两位官员指，从2021年4月到8月，该国比特币挖矿业消耗的电力已经增加了好几倍。
On November 12, 2021, two senior Swedish officials wrote an open letter to the country’s regulatory authorities, calling on Swedish leaders to call all bitcoins in the country. They also called on the 27 countries of the European Union to sign the Bitcoin mining ban. But the reason for this was not the carbon footprint of Bitcoin, but the fact that Bitcoin mines consumed a large amount of renewable energy, thus preventing a green transition in the traditional industry. Sweden, with more than 50% of its electricity coming from wind, solar and hydro power, is also one of the world’s highest green energy providers.
这两位官员认为，比特币挖矿消耗的这些电力，原本可以用于一些有益民生的项目，例如给电动 汽车 充电。他们指出：“如果瑞典允许虚拟币挖矿产业，那么我们的可再生能源或许将不足以实现我们所需要的气候转型。”比如在炼钢和电池制造等产业推动清洁能源等等。他们认为，禁止比特币挖矿，对于实现《巴黎协定》（The Paris Agreement）的气候目标至关重要。他们还举了一些例子，称瑞典比特币挖矿业的耗电量相当于20万个家庭的用电量。“开采一个比特币的耗电量，足以让一辆中型电动 汽车 行驶180万公里。”他们的结论也很直白——比特币“不是可再生能源的合理利用方向”。
According to the two officials, the electricity consumed by bitcoin mining could have been used for projects that benefit the population, such as charging electric cars. They pointed out: “If Sweden allowed the virtual currency mining industry, our renewable energy might not be sufficient to achieve the climate transformation we needed.” For example, promoting clean energy in industries such as steel and battery manufacturing. They argued that banning bitcoin mining was essential to achieving the climate goal of the Paris Accord. They also cited examples of Swedish mining power consumption equal to 200,000 households. “Exploring a bitcoin is enough to allow a medium-sized electric vehicle to drive 1.8 million kilometres.” They also concluded that Bitcoin was “not a rational use of renewable energy”.
瑞典禁了，挪威大概率跟进
Sweden is banned. Norway probably follows.
就在瑞典官员的这封公开信发表几天后，一名瑞典高官也加入了他们的阵营。瑞典地方政府与地区发展部部长比约恩·阿里尔德·格拉姆称：“看了瑞典监管部门提出的方案后，挪威目前正在考虑制定相关政策，以应对与虚拟币挖矿产业相关的挑战。”格拉姆还表示，和瑞典一样，挪威也需要大量绿色能源，才能够推动炼钢和炼铝等行业摆脱化石能源。随着近年来铝价飙升，炼铝行业的电力需求也水涨船高。最近，挪威还新建了一些电缆项目，未来将具备将可再生电能出口到欧洲其他国家的能力，这将为挪威带来一笔不小的收入。但另一方面，挪威将能源产量下降至仅满足国内市场使用的水平——而且不包括比特币。目前还不清楚挪威是否会跟随瑞典的脚步对比特币进行限制，但是关于欧盟是否可以在容许比特币挖矿业的前提下实现其极其激进的气候目标则已经成了一个热门话题。
Just a few days after this open letter by Swedish officials, a senior Swedish official joined their camp. The Swedish Minister of Local Government and Regional Development, Bjørn Alild Gram, said: “Looking at the programme proposed by Swedish regulators, Norway is currently considering policies to address the challenges associated with the virtual currency mining industry.” Gramm added that, like Sweden, Norway also needs large amounts of green energy to move away from fossil fuels, such as steel and aluminium.
弹丸之地阿布哈兹
"Abkhazia, the Place of Pants."
位于黑海（Black Sea）边陲的阿布哈兹是20世纪90年代中期才从格鲁吉亚分裂出来的一个蕞尔小国。但是它早在伊朗和哈萨克斯坦之前就经历了比特币挖矿业的危害。阿布哈兹一共只有25万人口，但2020年这里却出现了625个比特币矿场，很多矿机就架设在老百姓的厨房和卧室里。比特币挖矿业的崛起使2020年当地的用电量增加了20%左右。2020年11月中旬，当地家庭和工厂都陷入了停电。政府在当年年底正式颁布了比特币挖矿禁令。为了防止有人“黑挖”，政府还派人突袭企业和民宅，踹门撬锁，搬机器剪网线，一时搞得人人自危。
Abkhazia, on the border of Black Sea, is a small country that broke apart from Georgia in the mid-1990s. But it experienced mining hazards from bitcoin long before Iran and Kazakhstan. Abkhazia has a population of 250,000, but in 2020 there were 625 bitcoin mines, many of which were located in the kitchens and bedrooms of the population. The rise of bitcoin mining increased local electricity consumption by about 20% in 2020.
将比特币拒之门外的国家越多，欢迎它的国家自然就会越少，而这些国家的电网承受的压力就会更大。目前仍然欢迎比特币挖矿的美国得克萨斯州、肯塔基州和加拿大艾伯塔省等地很快就要面临这种挑战。可能首先你会听说矿商与当地的电力公司建立了合作关系，而电力公司则表示将提高发电总量，而矿场也会在用电高峰时段关闭，好把更多的电力留给家庭和企业。
The more countries that reject Bitcoin, the less welcome they will naturally be, and the more pressure they will put on their grids. This challenge will soon be faced by countries such as Texas, Kentucky, and Alberta, Canada, which still welcome bitcoin mining.
对这个问题，冰岛国家能源公司的首席执行官总结得最到位：“没有人会为比特币专门建一个发电厂，它的未来有很多不确定性。”比特币矿商赚钱最多的时候，就是它们昂贵的矿机马力全开的时候。“所以他们绝对没有动力在用电高峰时停机，甚至根本不会去这样做。”
The Chief Executive Officer of the Icelandic National Energy Corporation summarized the problem as follows: “No one will build a power plant specifically for Bitcoin, and its future is uncertain.” When bitcoin miners make the most money, it is when their expensive miners are running out of power. “So they have absolutely no power to shut down at peaks, or even to do so.”
归根结底，比特币挖矿最大的问题，就是它提高了对能源的需求，而这个世界的能源本来就不够用。（财富中文网）
At the end of the day, the biggest problem with bitcoin mining is that it raises the demand for energy, which is not enough for the world.
译者：朴成奎
This post is part of our special coverage Pakistan Protests 2011.
“目前中国是全面禁止比特币在华进行交易的，根据相关政策的规定，在中国进行比特币交易是行不通的，如果触动到了相关违法行为，国家是会依法严惩不贷的，国家一直在大力的整改目前市场上各种不正常的虚拟货币。”
“For the time being, China has imposed a total ban on Bitcoin dealings in China. According to the relevant policy, it is not feasible to conduct bitcoin transactions in China. If the relevant offences are committed, the State will punish them severely, in accordance with the law.
所有比特币交易平台都不是中国境内的。根据《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》，我国境内没有批准的数字货币交易平台。根据我国的数字货币监管规定，投资者在自担风险的前提下拥有参与数字货币交易的自由。
According to the Proclamation on Protection against the Risk of Financing the Issue of Currency, there are no approved digital money trading platforms in China. Under our digital currency regulations, investors are free to participate in digital currency transactions at their own risk.
温馨提示：以上信息仅供参考，不作任何建议。
Caring reminder: The above information is for information purposes only and no recommendations are made.
应答时间：2021-11-30，最新业务变化请以平安银行官网公布为准。
Response times: 2021-11-30. The latest changes in operations are published by the Saviour Banker Network.
法律分析：现阶段，各金融机构和支付机构不得以比特币为产品或服务定价，不得买卖或作为中央对手买卖比特币，不得承保与比特币相关的保险业务或将比特币纳入保险责任范围，不得直接或间接为客户提供其他与比特币相关的服务。作为比特币主要交易平台的比特币互联网站，应当根据《中华人民共和国电信条例》和《互联网信息服务管理办法》的规定，依法在电信管理机构备案。针对比特币具有较高的洗钱风险和被犯罪分子利用的风险，要求相关机构按照《中华人民共和国反洗钱法》的要求，切实履行客户身份识别、可疑交易报告等法定反洗钱义务，切实防范与比特币相关的洗钱风险。
Legal analysis: At this stage, financial institutions and payment agencies must not price Bitcoin for products or services, buy or sell bitcoin as a central opponent, cover the business associated with bitcoin or include bitcoin in insurance liability, or directly or indirectly provide customers with other bitcoin-related services. The Bitcoin Internet site, the main trading platform of Bitcoin, is required to register with the telecommunications authorities in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Telecommunications and the Measures for the Management of Internet Information Services. For bitco, there is a high risk of money-laundering and the risk of being exploited by criminals, the relevant institutions are required to effectively comply with their legal anti-money-laundering obligations, such as customer identification and suspicious transaction reporting, as required by the Anti-Money Laundering Law of the People's Republic of China, and to effectively prevent money-laundering risks associated with bitcoin.
法律依据：《中华人民共和国人民币管理条例》
Legal basis: Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the management of the renminbi
第二十五条 禁止非法买卖流通人民币。纪念币的买卖，应当遵守中国人民银行的上述文章内容就是规定。
Article 25 prohibits the illegal trade in and circulation of the renminbi. The sale and sale of commemorative coins is governed by the provisions of the above-mentioned article of the People’s Bank of China.
第二十六条 禁止下列损害人民币的行为：
Article 26 The following acts which damage the renminbi are prohibited:
(一) 故意毁损人民币；
(i) The intentional destruction of the renminbi;
(二) 制作、仿制、买卖人民币图样；
(ii) Production, imitation, sale and sale of specimens of the renminbi;
(三) 未经中国人民银行批准，在宣传品、出版物或者其他商品上使用人民币图样；
(iii) The use, without the approval of the People's Bank of China, of images of the renminbi on propaganda items, publications or other commodities;
(四) 中国人民银行规定的其他损害人民币的行为。前款人民币图样包括放大、缩小和同样大小的人民币图样。
(iv) The People’s Bank of China provides for other acts that damage the renminbi.
第二十七条 人民币样币禁止流通。人民币样币的管理办法，由中国人民银行制定。
The management of the currency is regulated by the People’s Bank of China.
第二十八条 任何单位和个人不得印制、发售代币票券，以代替人民币在市场上流通。
Article 28 No unit or individual may print or issue vouchers in exchange for the circulation of the renminbi on the market.
中国比特币禁令的介绍就聊到这里吧，感谢你花时间阅读本站内容，更多关于中国比特币禁令2017、中国比特币禁令的信息别忘了在本站进行查找喔。
Here's the introduction to the Chinese Bitcoin ban. Thank you for taking the time to read the site's contents. More information on China's bitcoin ban 2017 and China's bitcoin ban should not be forgotten to look at the station.
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