为保护社会公众的财产权益，保障人民币的法定货币地位，防范洗钱风险，维护金融稳定，中国人民银行、工业和信息化部、中国银行业监督管理委员会、中国证券监督管理委员会、中国保险监督管理委员会日前联合印发了《中国人民银行 工业和信息化部 中国银行业监督管理委员会 中国证券监督管理委员会 中国保险监督管理委员会关于防范比特币风险的通知》（银发〔2013〕289号，以下简称“《通知》”）。
《通知》明确了比特币的性质，认为比特币不是由货币当局发行，不具有法偿性与强制性等货币属性，并不是真正意义的货币。从性质上看，比特币是一种特定的虚拟商品，不具有与货币等同的法律地位，不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。但是，比特币交易作为一种互联网上的商品买卖行为，普通民众在自担风险的前提下拥有参与的自由。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; The Notice clarifies the nature of bitcoin, considering that bitcoin is not issued by monetary authorities, has no monetary attributes, such as legal remunerative and compulsory, and is not a currency in the real sense. By its nature, bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity with no legal equivalent to money, and cannot and should not be used as a currency in the market.
《通知》要求，现阶段，各金融机构和支付机构不得以比特币为产品或服务定价，不得买卖或作为中央对手买卖比特币，不得承保与比特币相关的保险业务或将比特币纳入保险责任范围，不得直接或间接为客户提供其他与比特币相关的服务，包括：为客户提供比特币登记、交易、清算、结算等服务；接受比特币或以比特币作为支付结算工具；开展比特币与人民币及外币的兑换服务；开展比特币的储存、托管、抵押等业务；发行与比特币相关的金融产品；将比特币作为信托、基金等投资的投资标的等。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; The Notice requires that, at this stage, financial institutions and payment agencies shall not price Bitcoin for products or services, buy or sell Bitcoin as a central counterpart, shall not encumber bitcoin-related insurance operations or include bitcoin in insurance liability, and shall not directly or indirectly provide customers with other bitcoin-related services, including: provision of Bitcoin registration, transactions, settlement, settlement services, etc. for customers; acceptance of bitcoin or use of bitcoin as a means of settlement; exchange services between bitcoin and renminbi and foreign currency; storage, trusteeship, mortgage, etc. of bitcoin; issuance of bitcoin-related financial products; use of bitcoin as the subject of investment, etc.
《通知》规定，作为比特币主要交易平台的比特币互联网站，应当根据《中华人民共和国电信条例》和《互联网信息服务管理办法》的规定，依法在电信管理机构备案。同时，针对比特币具有较高的洗钱风险和被犯罪分子利用的风险，《通知》要求相关机构按照《中华人民共和国反洗钱法》的要求，切实履行客户身份识别、可疑交易报告等法定反洗钱义务，切实防范与比特币相关的洗钱风险。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; The Notice provides that the Bitcoin Internet site, which is the main trading platform for Bitcoin, shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Telecommunication Regulations of the People's Republic of China and the Measures for the Management of Internet Information Services, be filed with the telecommunications authorities in accordance with the law. At the same time, with respect to Bitcoin's high risk of money-laundering and the risk of being exploited by criminals, the Circular requires the relevant agencies to fulfil effectively their legal anti-money-laundering obligations, such as customer identification and suspicious transaction reporting, as required by the Anti-Money Laundering Law of the People's Republic of China, in order to effectively prevent money-laundering risks associated with Bitcoin.
为了避免因比特币等虚拟商品借“虚拟货币”之名过度炒作，损害公众利益和人民币的法定货币地位，《通知》要求金融机构、支付机构在日常工作中应当正确使用货币概念，注重加强对社会公众货币知识的教育，将正确认识货币、正确看待虚拟商品和虚拟货币、理性投资、合理控制投资风险、维护自身财产安全等观念纳入金融知识普及活动的内容，引导公众树立正确的货币观念和投资理念。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; and in order to avoid overexploitation of virtual goods such as Inbitcoin in the name of “virtual currency”, to the detriment of the public interest and the legal monetary status of the renminbi, the Circular requires financial institutions and payment agencies to use the monetary concept correctly in their daily work and to focus on strengthening the education of the public about the currency in society, incorporating a proper understanding of money, a proper view of virtual goods and money, rational investment, reasonable control of investment risks, and safeguarding of their property security into financial literacy activities, and guiding the public to develop the right monetary and investment concepts.
今后，人民银行将基于自身职责，继续密切关注比特币的动向和相关风险。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; and in the future, the People's Bank will continue to pay close attention to the movement of Bitcoin and related risks, based on its own responsibility.
附件：
& #160; #160; #160; Annex:
中国人民银行 工业和信息化部 中国银行业监督管理委员会
中国证券监督管理委员会 中国保险监督管理委员会
关于防范比特币风险的通知
近期，一种通过特定计算机程序计算出来的所谓“比特币”（Bitcoin）在国际上引起了广泛关注，国内也有一些机构和个人借机炒作比特币及与比特币相关的产品。为保护社会公众的财产权益，保障人民币的法定货币地位，防范洗钱风险，维护金融稳定，依据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》、《中华人民共和国反洗钱法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》、《中华人民共和国电信条例》等有关法律法规，现将有关事项通知如下：
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; and more recently, a so-called “bitcoin” which has been calculated through a specific computer program has attracted widespread international attention, and there are institutions and individuals in the country that have taken the opportunity to build bitcoin and its related products. In order to protect the property rights and interests of the public, safeguard the legal monetary position of the renminbi, protect against the risk of money-laundering and maintain financial stability, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China People's Bank Law, the People's Republic of China Anti-Money Laundering Law, the People's Republic of China Commercial Bank Law, the People's Republic of China Telecommunications Regulations, etc., the matter is notified as follows:
一、正确认识比特币的属性
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; i. Correct understanding of Bitcoin's properties
比特币具有没有集中发行方、总量有限、使用不受地域限制和匿名性等四个主要特点。虽然比特币被称为“货币”，但由于其不是由货币当局发行，不具有法偿性与强制性等货币属性，并不是真正意义的货币。从性质上看，比特币应当是一种特定的虚拟商品，不具有与货币等同的法律地位，不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; Bitcoin has four main characteristics: it has no centralized issuer, its limited volume, and its use is not subject to geographical restrictions and anonymity. Although Bitcoin is referred to as a “currency”, it is not a currency in the real sense of the term because it is not issued by a monetary authority, it has no legal and compulsory monetary attributes. Bitcoin, by its nature, should be a specific virtual commodity, with no legal status equivalent to that of a currency, and cannot and should not be used as a currency in the market.
二、各金融机构和支付机构不得开展与比特币相关的业务
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; II. Financial institutions and payment agencies shall not conduct business related to Bitcoin
现阶段，各金融机构和支付机构不得以比特币为产品或服务定价，不得买卖或作为中央对手买卖比特币，不得承保与比特币相关的保险业务或将比特币纳入保险责任范围，不得直接或间接为客户提供其他与比特币相关的服务，包括：为客户提供比特币登记、交易、清算、结算等服务；接受比特币或以比特币作为支付结算工具；开展比特币与人民币及外币的兑换服务；开展比特币的储存、托管、抵押等业务；发行与比特币相关的金融产品；将比特币作为信托、基金等投资的投资标的等。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; at this stage, financial institutions and payment agencies may not price Bitcoin for products or services, sell or sell Bitcoin as a central counterpart, cover Bitcoin-related insurance operations or include Bitcoin in insurance liability, provide other Bitcoin-related services to customers directly or indirectly, including: provision of Bitcoin registration, transactions, liquidation, settlement services for customers; acceptance of Bitcoin or use of Bitcoin as a payment settlement tool; exchange services for Bitcoin and renminbi and foreign currency; operation of Bitcoin storage, trusteeship, mortgage, etc.; issuance of Bitcoin-related financial products; use of Bitcoin as the subject of investments in trusts, funds, etc.
三、加强对比特币互联网站的管理
& #160; #160; #160; #160;
依据《中华人民共和国电信条例》和《互联网信息服务管理办法》，提供比特币登记、交易等服务的互联网站应当在电信管理机构备案。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; and according to the Telecommunication Regulations of the People's Republic of China and the Measures for the Administration of Internet Information Services, Internet stations providing services such as Bitcoin registration, transactions, etc. should file with the Telecommunications Authority.
电信管理机构根据相关管理部门的认定和处罚意见，依法对违法比特币互联网站予以关闭。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; & #160; telecommunication authorities close down illegally Bitcoin Internet sites in accordance with the law, on the basis of the determination and punitive opinion of the relevant authorities.
四、防范比特币可能产生的洗钱风险
& #160; #160;
中国人民银行各分支机构应当密切关注比特币及其他类似的具有匿名、跨境流通便利等特征的虚拟商品的动向及态势，认真研判洗钱风险，研究制定有针对性的防范措施。各分支机构应当将在辖区内依法设立并提供比特币登记、交易等服务的机构纳入反洗钱监管，督促其加强反洗钱监测。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; and the branches of the People's Bank of China should pay close attention to the movements and dynamics of Bitcoin and other similar virtual goods with anonymous, cross-border circulation features, carefully consider the risk of money-laundering and develop targeted preventive measures. Branches should incorporate anti-money-laundering monitoring into their anti-money-laundering supervision the institutions that are established and provide Bitcoin registration, transactions, etc. in their jurisdictions in accordance with the law.
提供比特币登记、交易等服务的互联网站应切实履行反洗钱义务，对用户身份进行识别，要求用户使用实名注册，登记姓名、身份证号码等信息。各金融机构、支付机构以及提供比特币登记、交易等服务的互联网站如发现与比特币及其他虚拟商品相关的可疑交易，应当立即向中国反洗钱监测分析中心报告，并配合中国人民银行的反洗钱调查活动；对于发现使用比特币进行诈骗、赌博、洗钱等犯罪活动线索的，应及时向公安机关报案。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; Internet stations providing services such as Bitcoin registration, transactions, etc. should effectively fulfil their anti-money-laundering obligations, identify users, require users to register using a real name, register names, identity numbers, etc.. Financial institutions, payment agencies, and Internet stations providing services such as Bitcoin registration, transactions etc. should immediately report suspicious transactions related to Bitcoin and other virtual goods to the China Anti-Money Laundering Monitoring and Analysis Centre and cooperate with the anti-money-laundering investigation activities of the People's Bank of China.
五、加强对社会公众货币知识的教育及投资风险提示
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; V, enhancing education about the public's monetary knowledge and investment risk tips
各部门和金融机构、支付机构在日常工作中应当正确使用货币概念，注重加强对社会公众货币知识的教育，将正确认识货币、正确看待虚拟商品和虚拟货币、理性投资、合理控制投资风险、维护自身财产安全等观念纳入金融知识普及活动的内容，引导社会公众树立正确的货币观念和投资理念。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; Ministries and financial institutions and payment institutions should use the concept of currency correctly in their daily work, with a focus on strengthening the education of the public about money, incorporating the concepts of a proper understanding of money, a proper view of virtual goods and money, rational investment, reasonable control of investment risks, and safeguarding the security of their property into their financial literacy activities, leading the public to develop the right idea of money and investment.
各金融监管机构可以根据本通知制定相关实施细则。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; financial regulators may make implementing regulations based on this notification.
请中国人民银行上海总部，各分行、营业管理部、省会（首府）城市中心支行将本通知转发至辖区内各地方性金融机构和支付机构。本通知执行过程中发现的新情况、新问题，请及时向中国人民银行报告。
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; and request the Shanghai headquarters of the People's Bank of China, branches of the Department of Business Management, and branch offices of the city centre of the provincial capital (the capital) to forward this circular to local financial institutions and payment agencies within the jurisdiction.
联系人：张念念，联系电话：010-66194489
& #160; #160; #160; #160; #160; Contact: Jang, Tel: 010-66194489
中国人民银行
工业和信息化部
银 监 会
证 监 会
保 监 会
2013年12月3日
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