导读：
随着2022年2月Meta公司的股价大幅下跌，由Facebook公司改名为Meta引发的全球元宇宙热潮进入一个拐点，过多的热捧开始消退，大家趋于更加理智的看待这个机遇。元宇宙的真正价值何在，未来会发展成什么状态，包括哪些要素，对技术支撑有什么要求，当前瓶颈在哪，企业应该如何应对元宇宙这个热潮，全球从事元宇宙的企业有哪些类型，是本文探讨的主要内容。
With the sharp fall in the share price of Meta in February 2022 xff0c; the global meta-cosm boom triggered by the change of name from Facebook to Meta xff0c xff0c xyff0c; the plethora of hotspots that began to fade xff0c; the tendency towards a more rational view of the opportunity. What is the real value of the meta-cosm? xff0c; what is the future state of xff0c; what are the requirements for technology support xff0c; where are the current bottlenecks xff0c; how firms should respond to the meta-cosm boom xff0c; what types of industries are engaged in meta-cos worldwide xff0c; and what are the main elements of this discussion.
1、元宇宙产业架构?
1, the metaspace industry architecture?
如果将元宇宙看作一个大的应用场景，支撑这个应用场景的４层元素分别是：接入层的感知和显示、内容应用层、平台层、网络技术层。（如图28）
If the meta-cosm is seen as a large application & #xff0c; xff14 that underpins the application scene; xff1a, strong, strong, content application, platform layer, network technology layer . xff08; e.g. figure 28xff09;
感知及显示层：VR/AR、体感设备、脑机接口等技术提供进入元宇宙的入口。
sensors and display layers & #xff1a; VR/AR, body and brain interfaces, etc. provide access to metacosystems.
内容应用层：产生元宇宙的所有数字内容和应用。包括游戏，娱乐，社交，数字产品，经济活动，办公，生产应用等。
Content Levelxff1a; produces all digital content and applications of the metacosystem. Includes games xff0c; entertainment xff0c; social xff0c; digital products xff0c; economic activities xff0c; office xff0c; production applications, etc.
平台层：支持虚拟社区环境搭建、社区规则、以及上层应用层开发的各项技术。比如街道、建筑物等基础设施的生成和导入；游戏引擎、内容分发平台等应用支持技术；支持各种智能应用和互动的人工智能算法也在这一层。
platform levelxff1a; supports technologies for virtual community environment construction, community rules, and upper application development. Infrastructure generation and import xff1b, for example, of streets, buildings, etc.; application support technology xff1b, for games engines, content distribution platforms, etc.; AI algorithms that support various smart applications and interactions are also at this level.
网络技术层：包括5G、云、互联网、去中心存储等技术，是元宇宙的底层网络技术保障。
network technology layerxff1a; includes technology such as 5G, cloud, Internet, central storage xff0c; is the bottom network technology guarantee for metacosystems.
2、参与者类型及竞合关系
2, types of participants and competing relationships
从公司背景分，元宇宙主要包括四类参与者：互联网厂商、硬件技术厂商、软件技术厂、新创业者（如图29）。
From corporate background xff0c; the metacosystem consists mainly of four categories of participants xff1a; Internet manufacturers, hardware technology manufacturers, software technology plants, new entrepreneurs xff08; figure 29 xff09;
在元宇宙未来的版图中，这四类企业之间更多的是合作关系，每种类型的企业之间会有更强的竞争关系。
In the map of the future of the meta-cosmos & #xff0c; the four types of enterprises are more cooperative & #xff0c; there will be stronger competitive relationships between each type of enterprise.
第一类，互联网厂商，包括美国的Meta，Google，Amazon，中国的百度、阿里巴巴、腾讯等。这些互联网企业大都拥有元宇宙所需的多项技术、现有的庞大用户基础、以及丰富的应用场景，同时也在多方位的着手元宇宙布局。在元宇宙未来的版图里，大概率还是会占据元宇宙平台建设者和大一统社区缔造者的角色。
第二类，软件公司，代表企业Microsoft，在元宇宙的四层都有布局，目前侧重于企业元宇宙。在未来的元宇宙世界，微软和互联网公司之间还是会有较多竞争。在接入层、平台层、网络技术层，微软和互联网企业都有布局，会形成竞争局面。在应用层面，微软侧重企业元宇宙，其他互联网企业目前的重点是消费者元宇宙，但多数也在服务企业市场，未来的竞争会趋于激烈。
第三类，硬件公司，代表企业英伟达。英伟达（NVIDIA）在AI和高性能计算以及芯片领域的深厚积累，是其布局元宇宙底层技术的坚实基础。2021年下半年，英伟达宣布全球首个为元宇宙建立提供基础的模拟和协作平台Omniverse，向数百万新用户开放。Omniverse以其高效、低成本特征，在建筑、传媒、产品设计、自动驾驶等多个领域得到快速应用，并与第三方数字内容创建工具（DCC）以及基于Omniverse的微服务构成了Omniverse的生态。
, category III xff0c; hardware company ， on behalf of the company Weida. In Weida & #xff08; NVIDIA & #xff09; in the fields of AI and high-performance computing and chip xff0c; is a solid foundation for technology at the bottom of its layout universe. In the second half of 2021 xff0c; In Weyda announced that the world's first simulation and collaboration platform, Omniverse #xff0c, which provides the basis for the creation of the metaspace; and open to millions of new users. Omniverse, with its efficient and low-cost features xff0c; rapid applications xff0c in a number of areas such as architecture, media, product design, autopilot, etc.; and the creation of tools for third-party digital content ff08; DCC xff09; and micro-service based on Omniverse, constitutes Omniverse ecology.
第四类，新创业公司。新创业公司均专注于某个细分领域，其中个别企业成立时间略长，并取得了局部市场的先发优势，比如Roblox（游戏），Decentraland（社区和游戏），OpenSea（NFT虚拟艺术品），Sandbox（游戏）。Roblox和OpenSea的市值超过了100亿美元。大部分创业企业规模很小，选择某个细分技术领域或者应用领域深耕，例如Lingo3D、双深科技、蚁触科技、影眸科技等。对大的互联网平台来说，这些创新创业企业是局部场景的解决方案提供者，合作或者并购都是可以采取的方案。
Category IVxff0c; New Enterprise . New start-up companies are focused on a segmented area xff0c; individual firms have been formed for a slightly longer period xff0c; and have acquired a pre-existing advantage in local markets xff0c; e.g. Roblox（ Game xff09; xff0c; Decentraland（ Communities and games xff09; xff0c; OpenSeaxff08; NFT Virtual Art xff09; xff0c; Sandbox #xff08; Game #ff09; Roblox and OpenSea have a market value of more than $10 billion. Most start-up enterprises have a small size xffc; #xfffC; select a segment of technology areas or applications x0c; e.g.L.L.L.D.D.D.D., two-T.S.T.S.S.S.
3、主要参与者的布局
平台型元宇宙玩家（主要指大型互联网和科技企业），依靠深厚的技术积累、广大用户群体、以及现成的应用场景，能够很快布局元宇宙的各类初级应用。同时通过资本优势，在元宇宙发展初期通过投资或收并购的方式拓展原先未涉及的领域，全面进行元宇宙布局。本文通过美国四大互联网／科技企业（Meta、Google、Microsoft和Amazon）和中国四家互联网企业（百度、阿里巴巴、腾讯和字节跳动），来看巨头们是如何进行元宇宙布局。
Platform metaspace players & #xff08; mainly large Internet and technology firms & #xff09; & #xff0c; relying on deep technological accumulation, wide user groups, and ready-to-use applications & #xff0c; able to quickly deploy the primary applications of the metacosystem. Meanwhile, through capital advantages & #xff0c; expanding areas not previously covered by investment or mergers and acquisitions in the early years of meta-coastal development & #xff0c; conducting a comprehensive meta-cosm layout. Through the four major United States Internet networks & #xff0f; #xff08; Meta, Google, Microsoft and Amazon #xff09; and four Chinese Internet companies & #xff08; 100 degrees, Alibba, tething and dictions & xff09; #xff0c; and looking at how giants do meta-cos.
Meta
Meta是最全面的元宇宙布局者之一。通过战略和组织转型，在硬件接入、软件应用、内容、数字货币等方向全方位布局元宇宙。软件上推出SparkAR、PresencePlatform、Pytorch等底层开发工具，帮助发展和搭建元宇宙社区；感知和显示层，Oculus系列在全球XR设备市场中占据领先地位，最新产品OculusQuest2的市场份额达75%。内容上收购多家VR游戏、云游戏开发商，推出HorizonWorlds、HorizonWorkrooms等虚拟社交和办公平台；数字货币上，继libra之后积极推广数字货币diem。平台层上Meta发布涵盖一系列机器感知与人工智能功能的PresencePlatform，包括InsightSDK、InteractionSDK、VoiceSDK、TrackedKeyboardSDK等功能组件，并计划构建一个支持元宇宙学习的生态系统。网络层Meta推出了一套对标云服务的开放式基础设施和数据中心网络硬件，另外在人工智能等领域也有一定积累。
Meta is one of the most comprehensive mosaic layouts. Through strategic and organizational transformation & #xff0c; full-scale layout of the cosmos in the direction of hardware access, software applications, content, digital money etc.; 75% market share for the latest product OculusQuest2; content acquisition of bottom development tools such as SparkAR, PresencePlatform, Pytoch, etc. & xff0c; help to develop and build metaspace communities & xff1b; knowledge and display layers xff0c; Oculus series leading the global XR equipment market xff0c; market share of the latest product OculusQuest2 75%.
Microsoft
Microsoft在元宇宙的四个层面均着力布局，通过HoloLens、Mesh、AzureCloud、AzureDigitalTwins等一系列产品帮助企业客户实现数字世界与现实世界融为一体。对比Meta侧重消费端元宇宙布局（居家应用、办公应用、社交应用、UGC内容等），微软更加侧重企业元宇宙。
Microsoft works at all four levels of the meta-cosmos & #xff0c; helps business clients integrate the digital world with the real world through a range of products such as HoloLens, Mesh, AzureCloud, AzureDigitalTwins. Compared to Meta, it focuses on the consumer end meta-cosm layout & #xff08; home applications, office applications, social applications, UGC content & #xff09; #xff0c; Microsoft focuses more on the enterprise meta-cosm.
2021年8月Microsoft宣布了其企业元宇宙解决方案，核心为两项重要功能，Dynamics365ConnectedSpaces和MeshforTeams。Dynamics365ConnectedSpaces为帮助企业管理者深入了解客户在零售商店、员工在工厂车间等空间内的移动和互动方式，MeshforMicrosoftTeams将混合现实会议平台MicrosoftMesh融入MicrosoftTeams中，允许不同空间的人们使用3D化身形象通过Teams进行协作。Microsoft在硬件设备上以AR/VR显示设备Hololens系列和体感技术和设备Kinect为主打；应用上除了已经提及的企业级应用，还通过收购Minecraft和动视暴雪进行游戏应用布局；网络层，Microsoft是全球第二大公有云服务商，并且在边缘计算、人工智能方面也有积累。
In August 2021, Microsoft announced its E.M. cosmopolitan solution & #xff0c; at its core is two important functions & #xff0c; Dynamics 365ConnecedSpaces and MeshforTeams. Dynamics 365ConnectedSpaces are used to help business managers gain insight into the way their clients move and interact in retail stores, employees in space such as factory workshops & #xff0c; MeshfordTeams integrates Mesh into Microsoft Teams & #xff0c; allows people in different spaces to use 3D chromosome images through Teams.
Google布局元宇宙的坚实基础是它在人工智能方面的优势以及云业务。2017年，谷歌公司战略由MobileFirst转变为AIFirst，在AI技术研发能力和落地能力两个维度都处于行业领先水平。人工智能算法框架TensorFlow在全球范围得到广泛使用，Google还专门为TensorFlow推出TPU芯片。云计算方面GoogleCloud是全球Top4的公有云服务商，凭借其云和人工智能的结合，谷歌有望在元宇宙底层架构方向扮演重要角色。感知和显示层方面，Google目前暂时没有领先的产品，但其努力可以追溯到2012年Google眼镜的发布。Google在应用层上布局较少，主要是通过原有业务结合元宇宙的概念来发展，例如通过Stadia布局云游戏和通过YoutubeVR布局软件和服务。
The solid foundation of the Google layout meta-cosm is its strength in artificial intelligence and cloud operations. In 2017, Google Cloud was transformed from MobileFirst to AIFirst， both dimensions of AI technology research and development and landing capability are at the forefront of the industry. The artificial smart algorithm framework TensorFlow is widely used worldwide xff0c; Google is also specializing in TPU chips for TensorFlow. GoogleCloud is a global public cloud service provider for Top4 xff0c; Google is expected to play an important role in the lower layers of the metacocosystem by combining its cloud and artificial intelligence xff0c; Google is using the concept #xff0c; Google currently has no leading product #xff0c; its efforts can be traced back to the release of Google glasses in 2012.
Amazon
Amazon的元宇宙布局主要是围绕其既有的云计算AWS业务和电商业务开展。例如，Amazon为Meta提供云计算服务来加速MetaAI部门人工智能项目的研发工作，双方还将合作帮助客户提高在AWS上运行深度学习计算框架PyTorch的性能，并助力开发人员加速构建、训练、部署与运行人工智能与机器学习模型的机制；Amazon还与Epicgames展开深度合作，为其提供云计算服务支持，EpicGames的明星产品《堡垒之夜》拥有全球3.5亿用户，作为元宇宙游戏，其需要大量的算力资源支持，目前其工作负载几乎全部在AWS上完成。另外，Amazon还将结合其零售业务优势展开AR购物应用。
Amazon’s meta-cosmography is based mainly on its established cloud computing AWS operations and electrician operations. For example, xff0c; Amazon’s cloud computing service for Meta’s artificial intelligence project xff0c; the parties will also work together to help clients improve the performance of PyTorch’s deep learning computing framework on AWS xff0c; and help developers to accelerate the construction, training, deployment and operation of mechanisms for artificial intelligence and machine learning models xff1b; Amazon’s in-depth collaboration with Epicgames xff0c; its cloud computing service support xff0c; EpicGame’s star product, Fort Night, has 350 million users worldwide xff0c; as a meta-cos game xff0c; it requires substantial xff0c; its current workload is almost entirely complete on AWS.
中国部分互联网厂家在元宇宙的布局
Some Chinese Internet Producers in the setup of the Woncosmos
中国几家互联网企业在元宇宙均开展了多层次的布局，并且利用和延续了各自的既有优势。
Several Internet enterprises in China have developed multilayered layouts in the meta-cosmos xff0c; and have taken advantage of and continued their respective advantages.
百度
100 degrees
百度布局元宇宙的优势主要在人工智能与硬件入口两方面。百度是互联网巨头中在AI领域布局较早且较为深入的公司之一，形成了从搜索引擎到AI芯片、AI开源算法、智能驾驶等AI应用场景的全方位布局，AI基本贯穿于公司的各项业务之中。硬件入口方面，百度在VR领域有多年的布局，且目前产品线相对全面，既包括消费级VR爱奇艺奇遇系列VR产品，也包括面向企业场景的百度VR。应用方面百度将结合其VR产品推出社交游戏类应用希壤，致力于打造一个多人互动的虚拟世界。同时，百度拥有的自动驾驶业务，可以成为百度元宇宙应用的天然场景。
The advantages of the 100-degree distribution universe are mainly in terms of artificial intelligence and hardware portals. 100 degrees is one of the earlier and more advanced companies in the area of AI in the Internet giants & #xff0c; the full-scale layout of the AI applications from search engines to AI chip, AI open source algorithms, smart drivers, etc.; AI is basically embedded in the company’s operations. 100 degrees of hardware portals & #xff0c; 100 degrees of multi-year layout & #xff0c in the VR field; and the current product lines are relatively comprehensive xff0c; 100 degrees of autopilot operations xff0c; 100 degrees of autopilot operations xff0c; and 100 degrees of space applications can be used in the 100-degree universe.
阿里巴巴
Aribaba
阿里巴巴围绕自身两大核心优势发力布局元宇宙，一个是基于云计算底层技术积累拓展元宇宙方向的解决方案，一个是基于电商零售场景结合元宇宙进行体验优化。阿里巴巴的云计算技术积累丰厚，其公有云服务处于全球市场第三的位置，仅次于Amazon和Microsoft。2021年阿里巴巴的元宇宙布局加速，成立云游戏品牌“元镜”、建立XR实验室、推出数字艺术品平台鲸探等。电商领域，早在2016年，淘宝加载了线上VR购物功能。
Alibaba's cloud computing technology has accumulated strong & #xff0c; its public cloud service is in the third place in the global market xff0c; it is second only to Amazon and Microsoft. In 2021, Alibaba's meta-cosmography accelerated xff0c; a cloud game brand, a metascope, an XR laboratory, a digital art platform whaling, etc.
腾讯
{\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}It's {\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}It's {\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}It's {\bord0\shad0\alphaH3D}
腾讯在社交、生活服务、娱乐内容应用方面的强大用户群和丰富的场景积累，为其布局元宇宙奠定了良好基础。以热门游戏《罗布乐思》和《堡垒之夜》为基础，腾讯构建了相关的元宇宙游戏开发团队，并持续投资了美国游戏开发销售平台Epic。基于云计算，腾讯推出了云游戏START。2021年元宇宙热火后，腾讯相继申请注册了“QQ元宇宙”、“腾讯音乐元宇宙”、“和平精英元宇宙”、“王者元宇宙”、“绿洲元宇宙”等商标。在虚拟数字艺术品交易领域，幻核是基于腾讯的至信链构建的数字艺术品交易平台。
A powerful community of users and rich scenes for socialization, life service, entertainment content applications & #xff0c; provides a good basis for the layout of the meta-cosm. ，, based on the popular game Robres and the Fort Night, builds the associated meta-cosm development team & #xff0c; and continuously invests in the American game development sales platform Epic.
字节跳动
字节跳动在硬件入口、内容与场景、网络层三大方向上均着力布局元宇宙，旗下的抖音、西瓜、今日头条、TikTok等产品为其元宇宙应用拓展奠定了良好基础。感知及显示层方面，字节跳动于2021年9月收购国内头部VR厂商Pico。应用层上，字节跳动于2021年4月以1亿元战略投资元宇宙概念公司代码乾坤，代码乾坤旗下拥有自主研发的青少年创造和社交平台《重启世界》。在海外推出主打AI捏脸功能的虚拟社交产品Pixsoul。字节跳动预计推出其元宇宙社交游戏应用《派对岛》，目前尚处于内测阶段。另外，字节跳动旗下TikTok在2021年10月推出首个NFT系列——TikTokTopMoments。网络层方面，字节跳动正在进入toB市场的基础设施层，火山引擎升级为独立BU，进入公有云市场。
In September 2021, the byte jumped on the domestic head VR manufacturer Pico. On the application layer xff0c; in April 2021, the byte jumped on the 100-million-dollar strategic investment meta-cosm code dry xff0c; in April 2021, the code xff0c; an autonomous youth creation and social networking platform under the code Quinquin flag, Restart the World.
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