虚拟货币是什么
What's a virtual currency?
虚拟货币交易的浪潮席卷全球，但是现在大多数人对比特币、以太坊这些虚拟币知之甚少，只是被行情给吸引进来了。如果要投资一个东西，连它是什么都不清楚，那是非常危险的事。所以我们先来讲基本的知识，究竟虚拟货币是什么。相信很多人都是通过比特币才了解的虚拟货币，那么本文将以比特币为例。
The wave of virtual currency transactions has spread across the globe, but most people now know little of it in bitcoin, in tatters, but are attracted to it. To invest in something, even nothing is clear, it is very dangerous. So let's start with basic knowledge, and what virtual money is.
1)什么是比特币
What's a bitcoin?
简单来说，比特币就是钱，是一种新型的货币。
In short, bitcoin is money. It's a new currency.
很多人此时会心生疑问，货币不是只有政府才能发行的吗?不是法定货币才可以流通吗?比特币难道不是在挑战政府的权威，就算不是骗局，也会被政府封杀。先别这么早下这个结论，了解完比特币的运行机制也许您的判断可能就不一样了。
A lot of people at this point wonder that money is not issued only by the government. Is it not a legal currency that can circulate? Isn’t Bitcoin challenging the authority of the government, or if it isn’t a fraud, it will be blocked by the government.
2)比特币是怎么运行的?
How does Bitcoin run?
为了让您更容易理解虚拟货币如比特币等的运行机制和银行的不同之处，小编将分别举例：
In order to make it easier for you to understand the differences in operating mechanisms and banks such as virtual currency such as bitcoin, the subsection will give the following examples:
其实银行就是一个中心化的账本，数据都存储在银行的中心数据库。
In fact, the bank is a central account book, and the data are stored in the bank's central database.
举个例子，假如阿强给阿彪通过银行转一笔款，5000块，此时阿彪的账户余额是10000块，而阿强的账户余额是2000块。该转账的运行过程如下：
For example, if Keung transfers a sum of $5,000 to Ping through the bank, then Piao’s account balance is 10,000 and Keung’s account balance is 2,000. The process of the transfer is as follows:
①阿彪到银行账户提出转账要求;
1 Piao submitted a request for transfer to the bank account;
②银行通过账户、密码等方式确认阿彪的身份，并且检查账户余额是否足够;
The banks confirm the identity of Piao by means of accounts, passwords, etc., and check the adequacy of the account balances;
③检查通过后，在系统里增加一条转账记录：阿彪账号向阿强账号转账5000元，并修改阿彪账户余额为10000-5000=5000元，阿强账户余额为2000+5000=7000块。
Following the inspection, a transfer record was added to the system: Piao's account transferred $5,000 to Keung's account and revised the balance of Piao's account at $10,000-5,000 = $5,000, and Keung's account balance at 2000 + 5000 = $7,000.
整个转账过程其实就是银行在它的账本上增加一条转账记录，并且修改双方的账户余额。因为银行对账本以及账本的修改有绝对的控制权，所以这是一个中心化的账本。
The entire transfer process actually involves the bank adding a transfer record to its account book and modifying the account balances of both parties. Because bank reconciliations and changes to the books have absolute control, this is a central account book.
而比特币的运行机制跟银行有点类似，区别就是，比特币没有中心机构，它是由整个比特币网络的参与者(即运行比特币客户端软件的电脑，也称节点)共同控制。
The operation of Bitcoin is somewhat similar to that of banks. The difference is that Bitcoin does not have a central agency, and it is controlled jointly by the participants in the entire Bitcoin network (i.e. the computer running the Bitcoin client software, also known as the node).
还是上面那个例子，假如阿强向阿彪转账1个比特币，那么整个过程是这样的：
If Keung transfers a bitcoin to Ping, the whole process will be as follows:
①阿强向周围广播转账要求：阿强账号向阿彪账号转1比特币，并且用阿强的私钥进行签名(私钥的功能是证明你对这个账号的钱有动用的权力，跟银行密码差不多)。
Keung 1 requests the broadcasting of around: Keung's account is transferred to Ping's account in 1 bitcoin and signed with Keung's private key (the function of the private key is to prove that you have the same authority as the bank code for the money in this account).
②周围的节点先验证阿强的“身份”(通过阿强的公钥检查签名的真伪)，然后检查阿强的账户余额是否足够。
The nodes around 2 verify & ldquo; identity & & rdquo; (check the authenticity of the signature by means of the & key) and then check whether & Qiang's account balance is sufficient.
③检查完毕后，节点往自己的账本上写：阿强账号向阿彪账号转账1比特币，并且修改阿彪阿强的账户余额。
Upon completion of the examination, the node was written to its account book: the account number was transferred to the account number Ping, 1 bitcoin, and the account balance of the account was modified.
④节点把这个交易广播给周围的节点，一传十十传百，直到所有节点都收到这笔交易。
The four nodes broadcast the transaction to the surrounding nodes, and one hundred times, until all the nodes received the deal.
所以比特币其实也是一个账本，这个账本就是区块链。与银行不一样的是，比特币这个账本是公开透明的，每一个节点都可以修改账本和检查账本，当然这个账本也不是随便就能修改成功的，某个节点要修改账本，必须得到网络大部分节点的认可才能在公开的账本上显示。
So bitcoin is actually an account book, which is a block chain. Unlike banks, the bitcoin account book is open and transparent, and each node can modify the book and check the book. Of course, the book can not be easily modified, and one node has to change the book and must have the approval of most of the nodes of the network in order to show it on the open account book.
3)虚拟货币怎么发行-以比特币为例
3) How to issue virtual currency - for example, Bitcoin
一个国家的法定货币由该国央行发行，那么虚拟货币没有类似央行那样的中心机构，该如何发行，又该如何提取?
How should a country's legal currency be issued by the central bank, so that there is no central institution like the central bank, how should it be issued and how should it be extracted?
上文小编提到说，比特币是一个去中心化的账本。既然是账本就需要记账员，记账员不会免费工作，要想记账，就必须给“钱”(也就是比特币)。
As mentioned in the subsection above, Bitcoin is a decentralised account book. Since bookkeeping requires bookkeepers, bookkeepers do not work for free, they must be given & ldquo; money & rdquo; or bitcoin.
这就是比特币的发行机制，通过奖励那些辛苦“记账”的节点来产生新的比特币，这些节点就是平常所说的矿工。
This is the distribution mechanism for Bitcoin, which generates new bitcoin by rewarding those who work hard & ldquao; bookkeeping & rdquao; nodes that are commonly referred to as miners.
不过，虽然每个节点都可以验证交易的真伪，但不是每个节点都能“记账”，这个“记账”的权力是需要竞争的，即通过复杂的数学计算和符合条件的随机数(nonce)。这就是为什么比特币挖矿需要算力配置越来越高，需要消耗的电力越来越大。
However, while each node can verify the authenticity of the transaction, not every node can “ bookkeeping & rdquao; this & & & rdquao; bookkeeping & & rdquao; the power to compete, i.e., through complex mathematical calculations and qualified random numbers (nonce). That is why Bitcoin digs with ever-increasing arithmetic configuration and consumption of electricity.
4)虚拟货币有价值吗-以比特币为例
4) is a virtual currency worth - for example, bitcoin
一国的法定货币由该国央行发行，有政府背书，因此我们自然会认可他们的价值，但是比特币只是一个程序产生的东西，又该怎么衡量他的价值呢?
Since the legal currency of a country is issued by the central bank of that country and endorsed by the Government, it is natural for us to recognize its value, but how should Bitcoin be measured as a product of a process?
说到这里，就不得不提及下货币的本质。货币的本质是信用，如法币是政府的信用在为其背书。只要人们认为某个东西具备货币价值，达成共识且愿意用这个东西进行交易，那这个东西也是一种货币形式。不过比特币只是在比特币社区中被认可，而并不是被全社会认可，也没有法律背书，从这个角度上看起码现在比特币不具备和法币一样的社会地位。
Here, it is necessary to mention the nature of the currency. The nature of the currency is credit, such as that of the government. As long as there is a consensus that something has monetary value and is willing to trade with it, it is a monetary form. But bitcoin is recognized only in the Bitcoin community, not by society as a whole, and there is no legal endorsement, from which point of view, at least now bitcoin does not have the same social status as French currency.
虚拟货币有什么优缺点
What's the pros and cons of a virtual currency?
虚拟货币不仅吸引了IT工作者，也成为投资市场的新宠儿。现在我们梳理下虚拟货币的优缺点，找出投资客趋之若鹜的原因，进而你可自行判断是继续徘徊观望抑或是现在入市。
Virtual money not only attracts IT workers, but also becomes a new pet in the investment market. Now we're collating the advantages and disadvantages of virtual money, and we're looking at the reasons why investors are on the move, so you can judge whether you continue to look around or go to the market now.
1) 缺点：
1) Disadvantages:
①如果丢失，则无法恢复
1 cannot be restored if lost
虚拟货币的密码很难记住，如果一旦丢失，则无法恢复。
Virtual currency passwords are difficult to remember and, if lost, cannot be restored.
②无法追踪
2 can't trace
加密货币使用无法跟踪的分散式网络，因此有些不法分子可以利用加密货币洗钱。这也是加密货币在国际上广受争议的原因之一。
Encrypted money uses a decentralized network that cannot be tracked, so some outlaws can use encrypted money to launder it. This is one of the reasons why encrypted money is widely debated internationally.
③价格波动大，投资风险高
现在很多人把虚拟货币看做一种投资商品。而虚拟货币向股票一样，价格受市场情绪影响较大，是一种价格波动较大的高风险投资商品。
Many now view virtual money as an investment commodity. As in the case of equities, prices are more affected by market sentiment and are a high-risk investment commodity with high price volatility.
2) 优点:
2) Advantage:
①交易线路简单透明
1 transaction lines are simple and transparent
很多加密货币如比特币基于区块链，交易者可在该该区块链上查看所有交易，且交易数据不能被改变。
Many encrypted currencies, such as Bitcoin, are based on the block chain, where traders can view all transactions and the transaction data cannot be changed.
②交易安全
2 transactions secure
所有交易都是通过匿名身份进行的，便于轻松追踪是否存在任何虚假或盗窃行为。
All transactions are conducted through anonymous identities, which facilitate easy tracing of any false or theft.
③避免通货膨胀
3 Avoid inflation
如果一国政府增发货币，该国则会面临通货膨胀。但虚拟货币的总量是恒定的。比如比特币，只有2100万可被开采，不受中心机构控制，没有人可以增加它的数量，可以避免滥发引起的货币贬值;
If a government increases its currency, it will face inflation. But the total amount of a virtual currency is constant. For example, Bitcoin, only 21 million can be exploited, not controlled by a central agency, and no one can increase its quantity and avoid excessive devaluations;
投资虚拟货币注意事项
Investment Virtual Currency Attention
说到底，虚拟币的价值更多是一个认知问题，即便是上面说了那么多，即便是所有事实都摆在面前，仍然是有人认可、有人不认可，所以不必强求。如果你不认可虚拟币，就不要抱着投机的心态入市，如果你认可虚拟货币的价值，那么在交易过程中需要注意以下几点：
At the end of the day, the value of the virtual currency is more a question of perception, even if it says so much, and even if all the facts are before it, there is recognition, there is no approval, there is no need to force it. If you do not accept the virtual currency, do not enter the market with speculation, and if you recognize the value of the virtual currency, the following points need to be noted in the course of the transaction:
①优先入手优质虚拟币
1 gives priority to high-quality virtual currency
所谓股票有好股票和烂股票，虚拟币也是一样。而判断优质币可以从几个方面衡量：技术上有没有创新或改进、团队开发实力、应用场景潜力、投资人认可度等。
So is virtual coins. There are several ways to judge high-quality coins: whether there is innovation or improvement in technology, team development, application potential, investor recognition, etc.
②炒币需理智，摆正心态
"Strong" 2 quid requires rationality and a good mind.
无论长短线投资，都需要保持理智的心态。因为即使长线，也总有回调机会的，很多人担心，万一被永远甩下车怎么办?怕什么?币市的币那么多，何必执着于一两个?所以不要相信别人给你画的饼，也不要相信自己给自己画的饼，少幻想。炒币需要信仰，却也需要理智。
No matter how long it takes to invest. Because there is always a chance to make a call, many people worry, what if they get thrown out of the car forever? What are you afraid of? Why do you insist on one or two? So don't believe in the pies that people draw for you, and don't believe in the pies that they make for themselves.
③关注长期胜算
3 is concerned with long-term success
不要在乎一时的价格涨落，而是要关注长期胜算。利用历史数据，关注行业动态，推算期望收益，然后坚持下去
Don't give a shit about price hikes and falls, but about long-term success. Use historical data, focus on industry dynamics, calculate expected returns, and stick to them.
④切记要及时止损，做好风险管理
在虚拟数字货币跌势中不愿意及时止损，舍不得卖，有可能就会经历暴跌的风险。及时止损对于投资外汇和股票同样适用，在涨势中买币的投资者，一定要记住“保本求生”。
In the case of virtual digital currency collapses, unwillingness to stop losses in a timely manner, and the risk of a sharp fall if they are not sold. The same applies to investment in foreign exchange and equities, and investors who buy currency in the boom must remember & ldquao; survival & rdquao;
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