韭菜，多年生宿根蔬菜，可反复割，反复长，生生不息。
The groceries, which have grown for many years, can be cut repeatedly, grow over and over again and live forever.
深水炸弹
Deepwater Bombs
投资者老徐想不通，有闲钱，想通过P2P平台赚点利息，为啥最后变成一地鸡毛？
An investor who doesn't understand, has money, wants to earn some interest through the P2P platform, why does it end up like a chicken?
45岁的老徐是普通工薪族，平日积攒的余钱放银行跑不过通胀，放股市风险太高，在朋友推荐下，他选择了P2P。
Xu, a 45-year-old general wage-earner, kept the rest of his savings from the day-to-day bank uninflationable, put the stock market at too high a risk and, on the advice of his friends, chose P2P.
保险起见，老徐把42万全部家当放在了不同的篮子里，大都是国资背景、知名风投入股，（投黑马Tou.vc专注于文创领域的众筹平台）回报率6%—13%不等，平台承诺刚性兑付。
For insurance purposes, Xu has placed 420,000 families in different baskets, mostly with a country-owned background and a well-known wind input, with returns ranging from 6 to 13 per cent (the black horse Tou.vc focuses on crowd-motivated platforms in the field of writing), with the platform committing to a rigid payout.
等到雷声四起时，他才醒悟，自己精心筛选的篮子其实都在同一辆车上，而P2P就是一潭深不见底的浑水，镰刀手们的套路步步惊心。
When the thunder broke out, he woke up to the fact that the strong's own carefully screened basket was actually in the same car, and that the P2P was a deep, undisguised pile of water and the sicklemen's steps.
老徐投资的6个平台里，有4个踩了雷。
Four of Old Seo's six platforms have stepped on the mine.
这4个平台，无一例外，都设置了资金池，通过虚发或多发标的，吸引投资者进入。这些资金沉淀在平台账户，由平台统一调配。
Each of the four platforms, without exception, has a pool of funds that attracts investors through false or multiple offers. The funds are deposited in the platform’s accounts and are centrally deployed by the platform.
而这成了乱象滋生的土壤。
And this is the soil where chaos breeds.
有的平台通过借新债还旧债，来实现刚性兑付承诺；还有的平台则直接挪作他用，甚至将平台资金全部投入自家企业的生意。
Some use new loans to pay old debts to meet rigid commitments; others use them directly, or even invest all of their funds in the business of their own enterprises.
种种令人眼花缭乱的移花接木，使得老徐眼中“靠谱”的网贷中介平台，沦为一个又一个非法吸储甚至诈骗平台。
"Strong" twigs make the old Xu Xu's Internet lending intermediary platform, one after another, a platform for illegal snorting and even fraud.
最具迷惑性的是，很多P2P都宣称有上市公司背景，但其实是面临退市的ST公司；所谓国企背景，也是靠平台“送股”换来的合作。
Most puzzlingly, many P2Ps claim to have listed corporate backgrounds, but are in fact ST companies that are faced with de-marketing; the so-called state business background is also cooperation based on the platform's “sending stock”.
一旦平台崩盘，这些高大上的“靠山”甩锅甩得比谁都干脆。
Once the platform collapses, these tall mountain dumpers dump more than anyone else .
至于平台的主人，则早就在爆雷前逃之夭夭。以老徐投资的牛板金为例，4位前董事通过成立多家空壳公司虚构标的，套走投资者43亿元。之后，4人玩起了金蝉脱壳。
As for the platform’s owners, they had already fled before the blast. For example, four former directors had set up multiple shell companies and set aside $4.3 billion of investors.
这些失联的网贷平台控制人，早在平台成立初期就发现隐患，做好了跑路准备。
These unconnected credit platform controllers were ready to run as early as the platform was established.
数据显示，最近几年，金融界人士办理海外居留业务的数量暴增，其中八成是P2P平台创始人或高管。
According to the data, in recent years there has been a sharp increase in the number of persons in the financial sector who are working abroad, of whom 80 per cent are founders or executives of the P2P platform.
这背后是中国P2P行业的野蛮式增长。
Behind this is the brutal growth of the P2P industry in China.
英国作为P2P发源地，经过10年发展也只有不到10家P2P公司，美国与之相仿。而中国，仅在高峰时的两年间，就涌现出1000多家。
The United Kingdom, as a source of P2P, has developed less than 10 P2P companies over a decade, similar to the United States. In China, more than 1,000 have emerged in just two years at its peak.
缺乏风险意识的一场狂欢后，留下的是一地鸡毛。如今多达2000余个平台、总交易规模7万亿的P2P行业正在经历一场史无前例的挑战。
In the wake of a lack of risk awareness – the P2P industry, which now has more than 2,000 platforms with a total trade of $7 trillion, is experiencing an unprecedented challenge.
很多平台在苦苦支撑，投资者们如惊弓之鸟一样集中挤兑，还有的投资者走在报警路上。
A lot of platforms are being held up, investors are rushing on like birds of surprise, and some are on their way to the police.
私募腾挪术
Private Motivation
有人认为，P2P收割的都是小白，不懂识别风险，交给专业人士理财，风险就小得多。持这种观点的人，最近可能不得不反转了。
Some argue that P2P harvests are small whites, do not know how to identify risks and leave them to professionals to manage their finances, which is much less risky. Those who hold such views may have to reverse them in the near future.
6月底，8000余名私募投资者迎来至暗时刻——他们信赖的上海阜兴系私募控制人朱一栋毫无征兆地失联了。与之相伴的是，阜兴系4家私募经营中断。
At the end of June, more than 8,000 private investors arrived at a dark moment — and their trust in Shanghai – was lost without warning to one of the private collectors and controllers. This was accompanied by the disruption of four private firms.
阜兴系背靠阜兴集团，后者是一家大型民营企业，横跨稀土加工贸易、商业地产、金融等多个领域，总资产超过350亿。
It is a back-to-back group, a large private enterprise that cuts across a wide range of areas, such as rare earth processing trade, commercial real estate and finance, with a total assets of over 35 billion.
有这样的背景，再加上旗下基金都有牌照、有备案，收益率也并非高得离谱，所以赢得了很多投资者的信赖。
This background, coupled with the fact that the funds under the flag are licensed and recorded, and the rate of return is not prohibitively high, has earned the trust of many investors.
那是什么让朱一栋置投资人的利益于不顾，选择跑路呢？
What is it that leaves Chu's investor's interests to be ignored and he chooses to run?
随着相关部门的介入和投资者的维权，阜兴系私募几年前的诸多猫腻浮出水面。
With the involvement of the relevant sectors and the right of investors to defend themselves, many of the pretenses of private recruitment a few years ago have surfaced.
有投资者反映，阜兴系私募发行的产品中有投向浙江浦江经济开发区的产业基金，但经事后核实，阜兴的钱一直没有到位，产业基金也因此泡汤。
According to some investors, there are industrial funds that are invested in the Zhejiang Pu River Economic Development Area in products that are privately collected and distributed, but it was later verified that the funds were not in place and that the industry funds were lost as a result.
不仅如此，阜兴系发行的其他基金也大都存在类似问题，造成百亿资金去向成谜。
Moreover, similar problems exist in most of the other funds that have been released, resulting in a mystery of billions of dollars.
事实上，阜兴系旗下百余只产品中，有50只仅由10个人管理，通过借新还旧、相互接盘，最终演变成庞氏骗局。
In fact, of the more than 100 products under the flag, 50 were managed by only 10 people and eventually turned into a Ponzi scam by borrowing old and new, interlocking plates.
更不幸的是，阜兴系还踩上了P2P的雷，不仅投资了近期爆雷的草根金融，还在其平台上发起数额巨大的借款，有明显的自融行为。
It is even more unfortunate that P2P mines have also been stepped on, investing not only in the grass-roots finance of the recent blasts, but also in launching huge borrowings on its platform, with obvious self-sustainability.
有知情人将这一切，归因于阜兴集团此前的股价操纵行为。
was informed of this as a result of previous stock price manipulation by 2016年，朱一栋联合“华北第一操盘手”李卫卫，让大连电瓷的股价在4个月内翻了一倍。 In 2016, Li Wei Wei, a coalition of Hubei's first handlers, doubled the share price of Dalian ceramics in four months. 但在后续的操作中，李卫卫却成了猪队友，最终导致阜兴集团亏损5.51亿元。 But in the follow-up operation, Li Wei Wei became a pig teammate, eventually leading to a loss of $551 million for the Qing Gang. 此事被央视曝光后，阜兴集团经受了高杠杆的压力，不得不通过P2P、向员工发行债权基金等方式获得融资。 When the matter came to light, the Xinxing Group was under pressure from high leverage and had to obtain financing through the P2P, the issuing of a debt fund to its employees, etc. 如今，包括债权产品在内的阜兴系基金出现大面积逾期。 Today, there are large delays in the Fund, including in the case of creditor products. 私募产品通常有100万起投的门槛，阜兴系8000名投资者的180亿辛苦钱面临血本无归的可能，部分投资人的被套资金或许高达两三千万。 Privately collected products usually have a threshold of 1 million investments, 18 billion hard-earned dollars from 8,000 investors face the risk of being bloodless, and some investors may be hedged up to 20 million dollars. 在今年的江苏两会上，朱一栋曾形容“金融是把双刃剑，既要用好它，又要注意别被伤到”。仅过了3个月，他就用这把剑既伤了别人，也伤了自己。 During this year's Jiangsu meeting, Chui once described “finance as a double-edged sword, with which to use it and not to be hurt.” In just three months, he used the sword to hurt both others and himself. 出事的不仅阜兴系，据行业协会披露，今年上半年已有161家私募基金“失联”（未能按要求每3个月更新登记），它们大多面临和阜兴系一样的问题。 Not only did it occur, but industry associations revealed that 161 private fund-raising funds were “unconnected” in the first half of the year (failure to update their registration every three months, as required), and that most of them faced the same problems as booming. 8月30日晚，潜逃海外的朱一栋被缉捕归案，终究没能逃过法网。 On the night of 30 August, one of Chu's absconding overseas was arrested and eventually unable to escape justice. 神秘的币圈 就在新金融如火如荼之际，着急的镰刀手们已经迫不及待给自己穿上科技的外衣。 At a time when new finance is on fire, the desperate sickle-handlers cannot wait to put on their tech coats. 2017年，区块链技术一夜爆红，其初始产物——比特币，更是以全球仅有2100万枚的有限数量，令全球投资者对其蕴藏的价值浮想联翩。 In 2017, the block chain technology exploded overnight, and its initial product, Bitcoin, was a limited number of only 21 million pieces worldwide, valuing global investors of the value they hold. 从当年无人过问，到一枚币换一栋别墅，比特币的崛起，也带动数十种国产虚拟货币一夜之间火遍中国。 The rise of Bitcoin, which led to the emergence of dozens of national virtual currencies all over China overnight, went unchallenged. 一时间，所有人削尖脑袋涌向币圈，张口闭口“一币一别墅”。连平时忙着跳广场舞，还没搞懂虚拟币为何物的大妈，也稀里糊涂花3000元买了一种币，不到一个月变成3万。 At one point, everyone slashed their heads towards the coins, and closed their mouths to “one dollar a house.” Even when they were busy dancing in squares, they didn't understand what a virtual coin was, and they bought a currency for $3,000, turning it into 30,000 in less than a month. 各种版本的造富传说，彻底激发了人们心底一夜暴富的冲动。 The stories of the rich in various versions of the Strong have inspired the impulse of the one-night rush. 在各类ICO（首次币发行）交易平台，投资者不在乎项目做什么，怎么做，只要有ICO就投资。对他们来说，“先搭上财富电梯才是最重要的”。 In all kinds of ICO (first currency issuance) trading platforms, investors don't care what the project does, do what it does, invest as long as there is an ICO. 大量的社会财富，就这样朝着一个大多数投资人根本不了解的领域聚集，而虚拟币的发行方则数钱数到手软。 很多发行者“没有公司，没有团队，也没有网站，只要包装一个跟区块链有关的概念就圈来数千万元，（投黑马Tou.vc专注于文创领域的众筹平台）找到大佬背书，甚至轻松融到几十亿”。 Many publishers “without a company, without a team, without a web site, wrapping up a concept related to the block chain with tens of millions of dollars, finding the big man's endorsement, or even melting into billions of dollars”. 暴利之下，各类骗术开始粉墨登场。 Under 有人声称自己发行的五行币，在未来将全面取代纸币，投5000元发展下线，一年至少赚400万，3年就成千万富翁。 Some claim that their five-line issuances will completely replace the banknotes in the future, with 5,000 dollars to grow off the line, making at least 4 million dollars a year and making millions ofaires in three years. 还有人兜售网络矿机，声称可以自动产生数字货币。 There is also a peddling network miner, claiming that digital currency can be generated automatically. 比特币之父中本聪，当初发明比特币时，其核心精神是去中心化。但所有诈骗性质的虚拟币却无一例外反其道而行——高度中心化。 The heart of Bitcoin’s father, who invented Bitcoin, was de-centralized. But all fraudulent virtual coins go in the opposite direction – highly centralized. 这类虚拟币不开放源码，发币总量全凭发行者拍脑袋。即便是合法的虚拟币，很多也靠击鼓传花式的投机交易支撑着，入局者随时会成为接盘侠。 This kind of virtual currency is not open-sourced, and the total amount of money that you send is taken by the issuer. Even if it is legal, many of it is supported by stunned speculation, and those who enter the game will be the receivers at any moment. 华丽的高科技外衣，让大多数人对虚拟币失去免疫力，即便是那些平时掌握知识话语权的各界精英。 8月19日，在知乎拥有20万粉丝的中国科学院遗传学博士李雷，发文自曝被虚拟币割光全部身家，差点睡了马路。 On 19 August, in Li Lei, a doctor in genetics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences who knows 200,000 fans, the author was exposed to virtual currency cutting off all of his family and almost slept on the road. 当然也有清醒者，比如那些掌控游戏规则的人。 There are, of course, sober people, like those who control the rules of the game. 在一次私人谈话中，“比特币首富”李笑来曾爆出一个令人后背发凉的真相： In a private conversation, “bitcoin's richest” Lee laughed at a chilling truth: “这里没有价值投资，币圈一切全靠忽悠……XX币为什么会涨，到最后的解释很简单，就是傻X太多了。” "There's no value for investment here, there's no money in the ring, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it, there's no money in it." 局中局 币圈虽然高大上，但若论割韭菜的最高境界，那还是让韭菜们以为自己是镰刀。 "Strong" coin rings are high, but if it's the highest cutter, it still makes the pickles think they're sickle. 2015年，一个名为健康猫的O2O平台上线，其宗旨是为体育私教和学员提供对接。 In 2015, an O2O platform, called Healthy Cat, was launched with the aim of providing interfaces for private physical education teachers and trainees. 该平台一经上线，立刻火遍全国。不到两个月，就有3000个私教提供服务，多是体育系的在校大学生，“还有40多位世界冠军”。 In less than two months, there are 3,000 private teachers, mostly college students in the Sports Department, and more than 40 world champions. 风口之上，为争夺教练资源，健康猫也像外卖、网约车一样搞起了烧钱大战——私教除了获得学员的全额学费，还能获得平台支付的额外津贴，数额最高可达课时费的15%。 In order to compete for trainers' resources, healthy cats have also fought for money like take-out, cybercircumstances — in addition to receiving the full tuition of the trainees, private education can receive extra allowances from the platform up to 15 per cent of the time spent. 健康猫还鼓励私教拉人头获得相应津贴和晋级，只要邀请20名私教注册即可成为“队长”，每月享受500元补贴。 Healthy cats also encourage private leaders to receive appropriate allowances and promotions, and can become “leaders” by inviting 20 of them to register, with a monthly subsidy of $500. 于是，“聪明”的私教每天只做两件事：一边不停地注册小号，给自己刷单、充值、付费，到期拿补贴；一边不停地介绍新私教注册。 so that the “smart” privates do only two things a day: sign up for themselves on one hand, brush, charge, pay and receive subsidies on the other; and introduce the registration of the new privates on the other hand. 有人一天刷出200多节课，还有人刷出的课程可以用到120岁。 There are more than 200 classes per day, and there are courses available until the age of 120. 而健康猫从来不缺教练，唯一缺的就是学员。一些私教透露：“健康猫上从未遇到过真实用户，交易流水都是私教自买自卖产生的。” And healthy cats never lack coaches, and the only thing that's missing is the trainees. Some privates say, "A healthy cat has never had a real user. 在私教们的齐心努力下，健康猫摇身一变，成了P2P都无法比拟的高收益理财工具。 With the combined efforts of the pedagogues, the healthy cat has changed and has become a high-yielding financial tool that none of the P2Ps can match. 而作为平台管理者的大象健康科技，一直在变相鼓励刷单，还很“周到”地在平台设置了贷款、办信用卡入口。 Elephant health technology, which is the manager of the platform, has been encouraging the billing of images, and has been “very thoughtful” in setting up loans and credit card portals at the platform. 很多私教私欲膨胀，由此走上了高杠杆之路。 There's a lot of private self-inflicted self-inflation, which leads to a high-leveraging path. 某体育学院一位研究生小程，通过银行、网贷和信用卡，获得160万元，全部刷了进去。 One postgraduate course at a sports college, which received $1.6 million through banks, Internet loans and credit cards, was all brushed in. 然而，从今年5月开始，整个平台无法提现，导致该同学一夜之间变成百万“负翁”。 However, starting in May of this year, the entire platform was not available, resulting in the student becoming a million “negative” overnight. 和小程一样遭遇的私教还有很多，他们联合起来要求健康猫退钱，但平台却反咬一口，以发现刷单为由要求签署和解协议，条件是：扣除全部补贴和70%本金。 There are many private teachings like Xiao Cheng, who join together to ask healthy cats to refund their money, but the platform bites back and asks for a settlement agreement on the grounds that a bill has been found, provided that the full subsidy and 70 per cent of the principal amount are deducted. 最终，私教们不得不求助于警方。8月27日，健康猫被警方定性为“非法吸收公众存款”。 On August 27, healthy cats were characterized by the police as “illegally absorbing public deposits”. 有人估算，这起事件一共涉及25万人，平均每人负债数十万，高投入者达上千万元。 According to some estimates, the incident involved a total of 250,000 people, with an average debt of hundreds of thousands per person and a high input of tens of millions. 割的就是你 You're the one who cut it. 镰刀手们花样百出，令人防不胜防。而韭菜们之所以中招，大抵绕不开一个“贪”字。 The sicklemen are so pretentious that they can't protect themselves from it, and the pickles can't do anything about it. 因为贪图利益，很多人把风险抛之脑后。 Many put their risks behind their backs because of greed and profit. 被虚拟币收割的李雷博士，事后幡然醒悟：“很多新闻警告过这些内容（虚拟货币）可能是骗子，甚至有骗子前科，但是我依然执迷不悟，认为我不会是韭菜。” Dr. Lee Ray, who was harvested by virtual coins, woke up afterwards: “Many news reports warned that these content (virtual currency) could be a fraud or even a liar's record, 被P2P收割的韭菜，心态也大致如此。 The same is true of the pickles harvested by P2P. 事实上，早在2013和2015年，P2P就曾两次爆雷，但在高收益的诱惑下，很多人还是义无反顾冲了进去。甚至在今年7月国金宝老板跑路前几个小时，还有人抱着36万进去投标。 In fact, P2P exploded twice as early as 2013 and 2015, but many people went in with the temptation of high returns. Even a few hours before the owner of the state treasure ran off in July this year, he went to bid with 360,000. 理财是一项技术活，很多人在自己的专业领域奋斗1万个小时，仍然小心谨慎。（投黑马Tou.vc专注于文创领域的众筹平台）但一进到理财市场，却变得自信满满，都以为自己不可能成为最后一个接棒的人。 Money management is a technical task, and many people struggle for 10,000 hours in their field of expertise, and remain cautious. But when they enter the financial market, they become confident that they will not be the last to be the best. 因为无知，更因为对风险的无视。 Because of ignorance, and more because of disregard for risk. 在一份数万人参与的P2P受害者调查中，有一大把人将75%甚至是100%的家庭财富投向了P2P，甚至还有19%的人是净负债者。 In a P2P victim survey involving tens of thousands of people, a large group invested 75 per cent, or even 100 per cent, of their household wealth in P2P, and even 19 per cent were net debtors. 如此贪欲之下，理性早早给冒险让路。而镰刀手们最喜欢找的，就是这样的人。 So greedy that reason would have given way to adventures. And the sickle-knifes are the ones who love to find them. 只要你愿意，总有一把镰刀在等你。 There's always a sickle waiting for you if you want. （文章来源于：华商韬略摘编） (eds. from: )
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