【导读】华图贵州公务员考试网同步贵州华图发布：2024银行秋招笔试公基篇考点5-区块链,详细信息请阅读下文!更多资讯请关注“贵州华图官网（//gz.huatu.com/）”,贵州公务员培训咨询电话：0851-85829568/85866569
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公告预约【考点-区块链】
一、区块链概述
区块链是分布式数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制、加密算法等计算机技术的新型应用模式。所谓共识机制是区块链系统中实现不同节点之间建立信任、获取权益的数学算法。
Block chains are new applications of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, etc. The so-called consensus mechanisms are mathematical algorithms that build trust and gain rights between nodes in block chain systems.
区块链的核心优势在于其去中心化的特质，区块链数据的验证、记账、存储、维护和传输等过程均是基于分布式系统结构。区块链的数据同时存储于去中心化系统的所有节点上，即使部分节点失效，只要仍存在一个正常运行的节点，区块链主链数据就可完全恢复而不会影响后续区块数据的记录与更新。
The core advantage of the block chain is that it is decentralised. The process of validation, recording, storage, maintenance and transmission of block chain data is based on a distributed system structure. The block chain data is stored at the same time on all nodes of the decentralized system, even if some nodes fail, so long as a functioning node still exists, the block chain main chain data can be fully restored without affecting the recording and updating of subsequent block data.
二、区块链的核心特征
(一)去中心化：由于使用分布式核算和存储，不存在中心化的硬件或管理机构，任意节点的权利和义务都是均等的，系统中的数据块由整个系统中具有维护功能的节点来共同维护。
(i) Decentralization: as a result of the use of distributed accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or regulatory body, rights and obligations are equal at any node, and data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by nodes with maintenance functions throughout the system.
(二)开放性：系统是开放的，除了交易各方的私有信息被加密外，区块链的数据对所有人公开。
(ii) Openness: the system is open and, with the exception of private information of the parties to the transaction, the data in the block chain are made available to all.
(三)自治性：区块链采用基于协商一致的规范和协议(比如一套公开透明的算法)使得整个系统中的所有节点能够在去信任的环境自由安全的交换数据。
(iii) Autonomy: The use of consensus-based norms and agreements in the block chain (e.g. an open and transparent algorithm) enables the free and secure exchange of data across the system for all nodes in a trusted environment.
(四)信息安全性：一旦信息经过验证并添加至区块链，就会永久的存储起来，除非能够同时控制住系统中超过 51%的节点，否则单个节点上对数据库的修改是无效的。
(iv) Information security: once the information is verified and added to the block chain, it is permanently stored, and changes to the database on a single node are invalid unless more than 51 per cent of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time.
(五)匿名性：由于节点之间的交换遵循固定的算法，其数据交互是无需信任的(区块链中的程序规则会自行判断活动是否有效)，因此交易对手无须通过公开身份的方式让对方自己产生信任。
(v) Anonymous: Since exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the interaction of data is untrustworthy (the rules of procedure in the block chain determine the validity of the activity) and the counterparty does not need to create confidence in itself by means of an open identity.
(六)可追溯：所谓的区块链溯源，指加入到区块链中的记录被永久存储，区块链中的每一笔交易记录中均绑定了交易者信息，被完整记录和追溯，不可被摧毁或篡改
(vi) Retroactivity: so-called block chain traceability, which means that records added to the block chain are permanently stored and that each transaction record in the block chain is tied to the dealer's information, is fully recorded and traced and cannot be destroyed or tampered with
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