比特币简介

一种去中心化的虚拟货币

A decentralised virtual currency /span

——比特币简介

- Bitcoin profile /span

李渝沙

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一 、敏感的比特币

One sensitive bitcoin /span

最近一段时间，中国央行数次向银行系统发出通知，要求要警惕比特币交易带来的金融风险，强化监管。全球多国银行也发出类似的警告。一些比特币交易平台网站关闭的消息也不断传出，比特币在全球的交易却我行我素，在不断振荡中日益火爆。

In recent times, the Central Bank of China has issued several circulars to the banking system to alert it to the financial risks associated with Bitcoin transactions and to strengthen its supervision. Similar warnings have been issued by multinational banks around the world. Some news of Bitcoin’s closure of the platform’s website has also been circulated, while bitcoin’s global transactions are becoming more and more intense.

那么比特币是什么？为什么比特币屡屡触动各国央行的神经？为什么比特币在政府的警告声中日益火爆？

So what's a bitcoin? Why does Bitcoin always touch the nerves of central banks? Why is Bitcoin getting hot in the government's warnings?

本文试对比特币有关情况作一些粗浅的介绍。

. . . . .

二、比特币是什么

What's Bitcoin?

简单地说，比特币是一种建立在全球P2P网络上的，没有任何国家央行参与发行的，总量固定的，虚拟的电子数字货币。

Simply put, Bitcoin is a fixed, virtual digital currency that is built on a global network of /span>P2P, with no national central bank participating in its issuance. /span

比特币既然是货币，自然就能够与商品进行交换从而实现交易，自然就会引来逐利的资本。但它却完全不同于传统的主权货币。传统的主权货币，比如美元、欧元、英磅、澳元、日元、卢布、人民币，等等，都是由各主权国家发行并操控的。而比特币是网络数字货币，没有任何国家或组织机构发行，是独立于任何国家或组织机构之外的系统，因而几乎无法操控，甚至监管也十分艰难。

The traditional sovereign currencies, such as the United States dollar, the euro, the British pound, the Australian dollar, the Japanese yen, the rubles, the renminbi, etc., are issued and controlled by sovereign states. Bitcoin is a digital currency, issued by no country or organization, independent of any country or organization, and thus virtually unmanageable, even difficult to regulate.

三、比特币是怎样产生的　　　

How did Bitcoin come from /span ?

比特币官方网站注册于2008年8月18日，域名bitcoinarm.ory和服务器都在芬兰赫尔辛基。2009年2月11日晚上10点27分，一个名叫中本聪（SatoshiNskamoto）的人,在p2p基金会（p2pfoundation）网站上发贴，称自己开发了一个叫做比特币的开源p2p（电子现金点对点）系统，它完全去中心化，没有中央服务器或者托管方，所有一切都是参与者。于是比特币就这样诞生了。从此，伴随着为获取比特币的行为以及利用比特币进行的交易活动日渐增加，比特币在全球影响越来越大，特别在金融领域影响更大。

The official website of Bitcoin is registered in Helsinki, Finland, in 2008, in 2008, , , , , 18, in the name of , in the name of , in the name of , in the name of , in the name of , in the name of , in the name of Helsinki, in the name of , in the name of

比特币依靠P2P网络产生和运行。那么P2P网络是什么？它是指，通过允许单个节点与其他节点直接交互，从而形成比特币整体网络像有组织一样的严谨运作系统。

Bitcoin is generated and operated on the P2P network. What is the P2P network? It means that by allowing individual nodes to interact directly with other nodes, the entire Bitcoin network operates as tightly as organized.

这个网络系统中每个用户都在传播其他用户的交易，根本不需要银行作为第三方。这个网络系统基于一套缜密的密码编码规则，并有非常复杂的数学算法。在P2P网络上，依靠其密码编码规则，进行复杂的数学计算的过程，不受任何个人或组织干扰；任何人都可以下载并运行比特币客户端而参与制造并获得比特币。这一过程俗称就叫“挖矿”。

Each user in this network system is disseminating transactions from other users without any need for banks to act as third parties. The network system is based on a sophisticated code code code code, with very complex mathematical algorithms. On the network P2P, using its code code code code code code code code, the complex mathematical process is performed without interference by any person or organization; anyone can download and run a Bitcoin client and participate in the manufacture and acquisition of bitcoin. This process is commonly called “mining”.

比特币网络运行要做非常密集的数学运算。HASH值是衡量比特币网络运算能力的测量单位。当网络的运算能力达到10TH/秒，就意味着它能够做每秒10万亿次的计算。

Bitcoin network runs with very intensive mathematical calculations. values are the measure of the ability of the Bitcoin network to calculate. 10TH///span seconds means that it can do hundreds of millions of calculations per second 10 /span > . /span < < /span > >

全球网络无数的P2P节点全天候的维护着比特币的网络。

Numerous global networks P2P maintain Bitcoin's network 24/7. /span

英文:Bitcoin 是比特币货币符号，缩写为BTC或 XBT。

in English : Bitcoin is a bitcoin currency symbol with acronyms BTC or XBT.

四、比特币有那些重要属性

> iv. Bitcoin has important attributes.

（一）去中心化　这是比特币的根本属性，由比特币创设之初就确立的。比特币的产生和运行机制表明它不依赖任何中央银行、政府、企业的支持或者信用担保，而是依赖对等网络中种子文件达成的网络协议。这一去中心化、自我完善的货币体制，理论上确保了任何人、任何机构和政府都不可能操控比特币。

(i) Decentralization is the fundamental attribute of Bitcoin, which was established when Bitcoin was created. The mechanism for the generation and operation of Bitcoin shows that it does not rely on any central bank, government, business support, or credit guarantees, but rather on network agreements made by peer-to-peer seed files. This decentralised, self-improved monetary system ensures in theory that no one, no agency, and no government can manipulate Bitcoin. /span >/b>

2010年末，创始人中本聪从比特币领域中完全退出，整个互联网几乎找不到这个神秘人物任何痕迹。到目前为止，没有任何人见到过中本聪本人，如果官方网站上第一次披露的信息是真的，那么中本聪是日本人，男性，今年40岁。

In late 2010 > >, the founder Ben-Sun withdrew completely from the bitcoin field, and the entire Internet hardly found any trace of this mysterious figure. To date, no one has seen him. If the information disclosed on the official web site is true, then he's Japanese, male, 40 this year. > > /span > > /span >.

中本聪从比特币领域中退出，也很好地体现了比特币去中心化的本质属性。

Benji withdrew from the Bitcoin field and well reflected the properties of Bitcoin decentralisation.

（二）总量恒定　这是比特币的基本属性，由比特币机制确定的。比特币量是按照设计预定的速率逐步增加的，但增长的速率逐步放缓，直到在2040年达到2100万个的极限的终极总量。如果有需要，比特币可以切割为10的8次方份。

(ii) Total consistency is the basic properties of Bitcoin, as determined by the Bitcoin mechanism. Bitcoins are gradually increased according to the design rate, but the rate of growth is slowing down until 2040 reaches the limit of 2100. Bitcoin can cut the ultimate amount of 10span> sub-point 8 if necessary.

由于比特币的发行总量是固定的，不存在传统主权货币发行国家会根据金融形势经常采用的“量化宽松”向市场增加货币供应或“收缩银根”从市场收回货币的情况发生，因而理论上比特币不会制造通货膨胀或制造通货紧缩。这也是大多比特币粉丝对它青睐的一个重要原因。

Because the total amount of Bitcoins issued is fixed, there are no traditional sovereign currency issuers that would increase their money supply to the market in the light of the “quantitative easing” often used in the financial situation, or “shrunk money” to recover the currency from the market, Bitcoins would not theoretically create inflation or deflation. This is also an important reason why most bitcoins favor it.

（三）越来越少　这是由比特币的总量恒定基本属性自然演绎的派生属性。由于这一属性，致使全球大量的人“争时间”、“抢速度”加紧从事着“挖矿”工作。

(iii) is less and less a derivative of the natural evolution of the basic attribute of Bitcoin's total persistence. As a result of this attribute, a large number of people around the world “challenged” and “grabbing” have intensified their “mining” work. /span > /span >

五、比特币的流通机理　

. . V. Bitcoin circulation /b>

比特币有两个要素。即比特币地址和比特币私钥，它们成对出现，“一一对应”。你可以用随意生成的比特币地址来存放比特币。每个比特币地址在生成时，都会有一个相对应于该地址的私钥被生成出来。这个私钥可以证明你对该地址上的比特币具有所有权。你可以任意地生成若干比特币地址，这若干比特币地址就有相对应于某地址的若干私钥。

bitcoin has two elements. The Bitcoin address and the Bitcoin private key appear in pairs, "one pair." You can store bitcoin with a randomly generated bitcoin address. Every bitcoin address is created with a private key corresponding to that address. This private key can prove your ownership of bitcoin on the address. You can generate a number of bitcoin addresses, which have a number of private keys corresponding to a given address./span

比特币地址和私钥的关系就好像银行卡卡号和密码的关系。如同只有在不仅知道某银行卡卡号而且也知道这个银行卡对应的密码的情况下，你才能使用这个银行卡上的钱一样。你知道别人的比特币地址可以划转过去比特币，却不能从别人的比特币地址上划转比特币过来。

The relationship between the Bitcoin address and the private key is like the relationship between the bank card number and the password. You can only use the money on the bank card if you know not only the bank card number but also the code to which it corresponds. You know that someone else's bitcoin address can transfer bitcoin, but you can't transfer bitcoin from another person's bitcoin address.

比特币利用电子签名的方式，通过P2P分布式网络来进行权属确认与核查。每一块比特币的产生、消费流通都会通过P2P分布式网络自动记录并告知全网，因而不存在伪造的可能。它的去中心化特性与复杂算法本身可以确保无法通过大量制造比特币来人为操控币值。在P2P网络上，你可以用你的比特币地址从全球网络中接收来自他人的比特币，也可以将你比特币地址上的比特币转到他人的比特币地址上面。从而实现比特币的流通。

Bitcoin uses electronic signatures for tenure recognition and verification by means of a distributed network of P2P. Each bitcoin is generated and consumed by automatically recording and informing the whole network via a distributed network of P2P, so that there is no possibility of forgery. Its decentralizing characteristics and complex algorithms can themselves ensure that the value of the bitcoins cannot be artificially controlled by mass-manufacturing bitcoins. In the network of P2P, you can receive bitcoins from others from your Bitcoin address on the global network, or you can transfer bitcoins from your Bitcoin address to others' bitcoins.

但是，由比特币的私钥可以找到该私钥对应的比特币地址，但是由比特币地址却不能计算出该地址所对应的私钥。所以，务必牢牢记住你的比特币地址和私钥。一旦你忘记了你的比特币私钥而只记得你的比特币地址，那么该地址上的比特币便不属于你了。这是特别需要注意的。

But a Bitcoin private key can find a bitcoin address to that private key, but a bitcoin address cannot calculate the private key to that address. So, remember your bitcoin address and your private key. Once you forget your bitcoin private key and remember only your bitcoin address, the bitcoin on that address is not yours. This is particularly important.

顺便提一下，比特币地址是一段由数学算法生成的二十七到三十四位长度的字符串，一般以数字“1”或者“3”开头。比特币私钥亦是由一串字符组成，一般以数字“5”开头。

By the way, the Bitcoin address is a twenty-seven to thirty-four-digit string generated by mathematical algorithms, usually starting with the number “1” or the number “/span>3. Bitcoin's private key is also made up of a string of characters, usually starting with the number “5.

六、如何获取比特币　

How to get Bitcoin /span

（一）由“挖矿”获取

(i) Obtained by "mining"

也就是做矿工，用自己的电脑生产比特币。在比特币面市早期，不少人热衷于此，并也有不菲的成绩。一些资料披露，有人一周“挖出”50个币，有人一月“挖出”100个币，有人一年“挖出”1000多个币。随着参与挖矿的人数越来越多，挖矿越来越困难，自己一个人挖矿可能要挖上几年才能得到50个币。于是，一些志同道合的人组织起来，成立了若干矿工行会，矿工行会里的所以矿工大家一起挖。具体的挖矿方法也十分复杂，可以自行去网上搜索，不在此冗述。现在，直接“挖矿”的人少了，原因也很简单。一是矿源日趋减少，二是挖矿效率日趋降低。用一个不太恰当的比喻来说明。整个比特币矿源，就好比一座露天煤矿，最初，只要刨开地面表层，就可以获取煤，相对而言，不费太大力气。后来，随着表层煤被挖走，要获取深层煤，对采掘工具和采掘技术的要求自然就更高一些了。于是，“挖矿”的成本上升，效率降低。“挖矿”的效率，除了其它因素，采掘机械的性能十分重要。衡量采掘机性能的一个重要参数，就是采掘计算机运算速度。据悉，目前投资一个运算速度较快的采掘机就至少要花几十万元。综合来看，现在直接“挖矿”，对于常人或单干的人来说，是力不能支，得不偿失的。当然，现在仍然孜孜不倦直接“挖矿”的人还是大有人在。他们也许认为，“挖矿”获得比特币尽管越来越难，但与比特币兑换主权货币币值的不断上升，还是划算的。

In the early days of the city of Bitcoin, a lot of people are interested in it, and there are modest achievements. Some information reveals that as more people are involved in mining, one person “excavates” 50 >, one month “excavates” , one person “excavates” >, one person “span >, one person “excavates” >, one person “span , one bank >, one person “span >, one person may be able to take up a mine, one person >s, one person, one person is less powerful, but less powerful, and less powerful.

不难看出，比特币开采难度与已经被开采出来的量成正相关，甚至成正比。越往后开采难度越大。有人预测，到了2030年2000万个比特币被开采出来后，剩下100万个比特币很可能还需要几十年才能被完全开采出来。

It's easy to see that the difficulty of bitcoin mining is positively related to, or even proportional to, the amount that has already been mined. The more difficult it is going to be. It is predicted that after thousands of bitcoins have been mined in the year /span > 2030 /span > 2000 /span , the remaining number of bitcoins is likely to take decades to be fully mined. /span > 100 /span > span > >. /span < /span > >.

有资料显示，现在已经开采产生出的比特币有1250万个。

has information that bitcoin has now been mined in thousands of bitcoins. > 1250 /span >. /span /span >

（二）用商品交换获取

(ii) Getting /span /span >

通俗地说，你可以卖给别人商品，人家支付给你比特币。开门店也好，开网店也好，就是卖东西，卖服务，收比特币。这不难理解，此不冗述。

It's common to say that you can sell other people's goods and pay you bitcoin. Open the shop, open the net, sell the goods, sell the services, collect the bitcoin. It's easy to understand. It's not redundant.

（三）与主权货币交易获取

(iii) Access to sovereign currency transactions

同样通俗地说，用主权货币购买，获取比特币。反之，卖出比特币，得到主权货币。现在通常说的比特币的买卖，主要就是指主权货币与比特币兑换。目前比特币的买卖，是人们最为关心的，也最吸引人们眼球。

It's also popular to say that you buy and get bitcoin in sovereign currency. Instead, you sell bitcoin and get sovereign currency. Now it's commonly said that bitcoin's sale is mainly the exchange of sovereign currency with bitcoin. Bitcoin's current sale is the most interesting and attractive.

获得比特币的三种途径中，在比特币面市早期，较多地采用“挖矿”获得比特币，在特别需要隐秘的商品买卖，大多用比特币进行支付；在现阶段，比特币与主权货币交易最为盛行，也是不少人津津乐道的。

Among the three ways to get bitcoin, in the early days of the Bitcoin market, more “mining” was used to obtain bitcoin, in the case of commodities that were especially in need of secrecy, most of which were paid in bitcoin; at this stage, Bitcoin is the most popular and popular trade with sovereign currencies. /span>/span

七、比特币的流通特点

>

（一）隐匿性

(i) Invisible > /span /span >

如前所述，不难看出，无论“挖矿”、商品交换支付以及与主权货币交易等等形式获取或流通比特币，都是十分隐匿的，除了使用者自己披露，别人是无法知道的。即使知道了某笔比特币流通量，也无法寻觅到对应的自然人的真实身份信息。

, as stated above, it is easy to see that the acquisition or circulation of bitcoins, whether in the form of “mining”, commodity exchange payments, and sovereign currency transactions etc., is hidden and cannot be known except by the users themselves. Even if you know the amount of bitcoins in circulation, you cannot find the true identity of the natural person. /span

（二）便捷性

(ii) Easy /span

一种情况是收别人划给的比特币或者划给别人比特币，前文已述，只需要提供给别人自己的比特币地址。

is a situation in which a bitcoin is received from someone else or assigned to someone else's bitcoin, as already stated, provided only to someone else's own bitcoin address.

在此基础上，另一种情况就是利用一些专门服务商提供的网络平台，在客户端进行流通操作。这两种情况流通比特币都十分便捷。

On this basis, another situation is the use of a network platform provided by a number of specialized service providers to circulate on the client side. Both cases are easy to communicate with bitcoin.

（三）安全性

(iii) Security /span

由比特币流通的隐匿性，容易知道，任何人无法知道谁个自然人在作流通操作。自然，谁也不会知道某具体自然人拥有的比特币数量及增减情况。当然更不会出现比特币被“没收”或被盗窃的情况。就是说，流通比特币是比较安全的。

The hidden nature of Bitcoin circulation makes it easy to know that no one knows who's a natural person in circulation. Naturally, no one knows the number of bitcoins and their increase or decrease in the amount of bitcoins held by a particular natural person. Of course, there are no cases of Bitcoins being “confiscated” or stolen. That is, the circulation of bitcoins is safer. /span

当然，也有媒体报道过，一些比特币交易网站曾受到过黑客的攻击，对于全球数千网站来说，影响甚微。

Of course, there have been media reports that some of the Bitcoin trading sites have been hacked and have had little impact on thousands of websites around the world.

八、关于比特币的常见问题

span>8; common question on Bitcoin

（一）比特币是传销或骗局么？

(i) is Bitcoin a distribution or fraud? /span >

比特币与传销赢利模式完全不同。传销的一个基本特征是有一个中心化的组织在控制，以推销商品、提供服务、项目投资等经营活动为名，要求参加者以缴纳费用或者购买商品、服务、投资等方式获得加入资格，并且传销组织的利益结构分配成金字塔形状。而比特币没有任何中心化组织机构在控制，即便比特币用户推荐他人购买比特币也得不会到任何形式的分红或者利益，任何用户进行比特币的买卖行为都是自愿和独立的。因此比特币不是传销，也不是骗局。

bitcoin is completely different from the distribution profit model. A fundamental feature of distribution is that a centralized organization controls the sale of goods, services, project investments, etc., requiring participants to qualify for membership by paying fees or purchasing goods, services, investments, etc., and distributing the organization’s interest structure into pyramid shape. And bitcoin is not controlled by any central organization, and even Bitcoin users recommend that others buy bitcoin without any form of dividends or benefits, and any users do business with bitcoin on a voluntary and independent basis. Bitcoin is therefore neither a distribution nor a fraud.

（二）可以通过比特币赚大钱么？

(ii) Can you make big money in bitcoin? /span

如同金融领域的其它交易市场比如股票黄金交易市场，没有人能够保证你的比特币买卖行为一定能够赚钱。如果人们对它的机制和前景有信心便会接受它，反之，若人们认为比特币的机制不可靠便会抛弃使用比特币。

Like other trading markets in the financial field, such as stock gold, no one can guarantee that your bitcoin sales will make money. If people have confidence in its mechanisms and prospects, they will accept it, and vice versa, they will abandon the use of bitcoins if they are thought to be unreliable.

但是，比特币早期的“挖矿”者，“挖出”的比特币，如果贮存起来，以及早期买入的比特币，现在应该是增值的。在比特币流通中的某个阶段，或者很好地把握了比特币流通中剧烈振荡，也是能够赚钱甚至赚大钱的。这和其它交易市场情形完全一样。普遍认为，比特币是一种高风险和高收益并存的货币。

But the early bitcoin diggers, the bitcoin "excavated" by bitcoins, if stored in storage, and the bitcoins that were purchased earlier, should now be added to the value. At some stage of the Bitcoin circulation, or with a good grasp of the sharp swings in bitcoins, they can make money or even large sums of money. This is exactly the same as in other trading markets. Bitcoin is generally considered to be a high-risk and high-yielding currency.

也有学者认为，由于比特币作为一种有相对公平的机制和总量恒定，从长期趋势来看，对主权货币的兑换值一定是上涨的；人们可以从这一稳定、快速、便宜和广泛使用的虚拟货币中获得利益。基于这样认识，不少人好像收藏古董一样，买入比特币，贮存收藏，期望长期增值。　

also argues that because bitcoin is a relatively fair mechanism and constant aggregates, the exchange value for sovereign currencies must increase over the long term; one can benefit from this stable, fast, cheap and widely used virtual currency. Based on this recognition, many people buy bitcoin, store and expect long-term value added, like antiques.

（三）使用或交易比特币合法么?

(iii) Is it legal to use or trade bitcoin?

首先，各主权国家对它的态度是什么？笔者冒昧认为，总的来看，基本可用12个字概括：恨而兴叹，遏而效微，且抑且疏。比特币的发行与流通，完全颠复了传统游戏规则，对全球经济特别是在金融领域产生了冲击，减少或分流了政府税收，在部分地区或局部领域可能构成潜在风险，扼杀、打击似乎又难以找到准确对象；若干遏制措施又似乎是隔靴搔痒，无碍大势；一些国家一方面想方设法抑制它，一方面又含糊其词，默认现实，并千方百计制定法规进行疏导，力图将其尽量纳入传统权属大厦之中。

First of all, what is the attitude of sovereign states towards it? I venture to suggest that, in general, it can be summarized in the words 12. Bitcoin distribution and circulation completely reversed the traditional rules of the game, which had an impact on the global economy, reduced or diverted government revenues, in particular in the financial field, and which could pose a potential risk in some parts or parts of the world and seem difficult to identify; a number of containment measures seemed to be squeezing and unfavorable; while some countries tried to contain it, on the one hand, vaguely, tacitly, and crafted legislation to try to integrate it into the traditional power building.

其次，从总体上看，由于比特币是新生事物，关注它的人群占比并不大，用它交易的人群就更小，整体交易量对整个社会的影响也还不大，舆论对它褒贬不一，因而学者、政府都还在加紧研究它，政府对它还没有完整完善的体系，出台的法律法规甚少。

Second, because bitcoin is a new thing, the number of people who care about it is small, the number of people with whom it is used is smaller, the overall volume of transactions has little impact on society as a whole, and public opinion is mixed, scholars and governments are working hard on it, and the government has few laws and regulations in place for it.

第三，按照现行司法原理，法律法规没有禁止的行为就不能视为违法。各国对比特币态度有差异，出台的法律法规甚少，还不能覆盖比特币的所有方面，并且监管非常难。因而，比特币的使用和流通是否合法就见仁见智了，相信读者自己可以作出判断。

Third, in accordance with current legal principles, acts not prohibited by laws and regulations cannot be considered illegal. There are differences in the attitude of different countries, few laws and regulations are in place, they do not cover all aspects of Bitcoins, and regulation is very difficult. Therefore, the use and circulation of Bitcoins is legitimate, and readers are confident that they can make their own judgements.

（四）比特币会被用于非法行为么?　　

(iv) Will Bitcoin be used for illegal acts? > /span

由于比特币的匿名特性，它确实有利于贩毒、走私和洗钱等犯罪行为。但是从历史上看，在比特币诞生之前，任何主权币种，比如美元、欧元、卢布、日元、人民币等法定货币亦被用到洗钱等各种非法行为中，所以比特币作为一种货币完全就是一种工具，它与非法行为没有必然的联系。

But historically, before the birth of Bitcoin, any sovereign currency, such as the United States dollar, the euro, the roubles, the yen, the renminbi, etc., was used in various illegal acts, such as money-laundering, so that Bitcoin as a currency was a tool and had no necessary link to the illegal act. /span >

（五）如果比特币交易网站或者相关比特币服务被禁止，比特币会受影响么？

(v) Will Bitcoin be affected if the Bitcoin trading website or related bitcoin services are banned?

比特币是一种建立在全球网络上的去中心化的货币系统。中本聪在设计比特币的时候就严肃地考虑到了监管的问题，由于比特币的去中心化特性，任何关于比特币的交易所或者服务被禁止和关闭都只可能对比特币造成短期的影响，甚至没有影响。

bitcoin is a decentralised monetary system built on a global network. Binteng took the issue of regulation seriously when designing Bitcoin. Because of the decentralised nature of Bitcoin, any exchange or service ban and closure on Bitcoin could only have short-term, if not no, effects on Bitcoin. /span

九、怎样进行比特币交易　

nine, how to make bitcoin transactions /span

（一）比特币的交易模式

(i) Bitcoin trading mode

比特币面世后，在全球应运而生相继出现了许多比特币服务商。这些服务商建立专门网站，提供交易平台交易模式和各种服务。日本是比特币服务商交易平台最多的国家。在比特币服务商提供的交易平台上，比特币钱包可以让你和整个世界进行交易。

After the advent of Bitcoin, a large number of Bitcoin service providers have emerged around the globe. These service providers have created dedicated websites offering trading platform mode and various services. Japan is the country with the largest Bitcoin service provider trading platform. On the Bitcoin service provider trading platform, Bitcoins wallets allow you to trade with the world as a whole.

什么是比特币钱包？比特币钱包概念大致相当于实体钱包在比特币网络中的替代品，钱包中实际上包含了你的私钥，私钥允许你花费块链中分配给你的比特币地址中的比特币。每个比特币钱包都可以显示它包含的所有比特币地址的比特币总余额。

What's a bitcoin wallet? The Bitcoin wallet concept is roughly the same as an alternative to a real wallet in a bitcoin network, which actually contains your private key, which allows you to spend the bitcoin that is assigned to your bitcoin address in the chain. Each bitcoin wallet shows the total bitcoin balance of all bitcoins it contains.

交易最常见的模式有三种：软件钱包、手机钱包、在线钱包。

The three most common modes of trading are: software wallets, mobile wallets, online wallets.

软件钱包通常指可以在本地电脑上运行的比特币客户端。使用软件钱包是最安全的。

The software wallet is usually a bitcoin client that can be run on a local computer. The use of the software wallet is the safest.

手机钱包是只装在手机上的比特币钱包，用手机钱包你可以随时随地的使用比特币。

The mobile wallet is a bitcoin wallet on a cell phone, and you can use bitcoin anywhere you want.

在线网络钱包可以让你在任何地方使用比特币，在线服务商帮助保护你的比特币安全。但是你要仔细谨慎的选择优质的在线钱包提供商。

Online Wallet allows you to use bitcoin anywhere, and online service providers help to protect bitcoin. But you have to carefully select high-quality online wallet providers.

（二）比特币交易的流程

(ii) Process for Bitcoin transactions

第一，你的电脑应该安装了你所选择的在线钱包提供商最新版的比特币客户端，打开客户端之后会自动将网络上的全部交易信息数据下载到你的电脑上。

First, your computer should install the latest bitcoin client of your selected online wallet provider and automatically download all transactional information data on the network to your computer when you open the client. /span

第二，在交易平台上实施交易。

Second, to carry out a transaction on a trading platform.

如果买入比特币，分四个步骤: 一是注册，也就是在服务商的网站上登记，建立帐户，将你钱包中转到平台给定的地址上；二是充值，就是存入一定数量的比特币或当地主权货币（如果在中国，就是人民币）；三是根据客户端实时交易信息数据，以当地主权货币下单买入比特币；四是交易成功后，提现比特币到你的个人钱包。

If bought into Bitcoin, four steps : is registered, i.e. register on the service provider's website, establish an account, transfer your wallet to the address given by the platform; a full value, i.e. deposit of a certain amount of bitcoin or local sovereign currency (in the case of China, renminbi); third, purchase of bitcoin in local sovereign currency on the basis of real-time transaction information from a client; and fourth, when the transaction succeeds, mention of bitcoin to your personal wallet.

若是卖出比特币，分三个步骤：一，将你钱包中转到平台给定的地址上；二是根据客户端实时交易信息数据下单卖出比特币；三，提现当地货币（如果在中国，就是人民币）到你的账户中。

if you sell bitcoin, there are three steps: first, transfer your wallet to the address given by the platform; second, sell bitcoin on the basis of the customer's real-time transaction information data; and third, withdraw the local currency (in the case of China, the renminbi) from your account. /span

这里，需要指出的是，为了确保交易安全，往往需要重视交易确认。比特币交易指令通常都会在几秒钟内发出，并且在10分钟内得到确认。在那段时间里，这笔交易被视为真实的，但仍可逆转。一般有一个确认信息就行了。如果你等不及1个确认，或者还不放心，可以支付一笔小额的手续费以加速交易确认，或使用一个不安全交易检测系统能够增加安全系数。对于金额较大的交易，比如达到1000美元，甚至等待6个及6个以上的确认。每增加一个确认，交易逆转的风险就会成指数级地降低。

Here, it is important to note that, in order to ensure the security of transactions, emphasis is often placed on confirmation of transactions. Bitcoin transaction instructions are usually issued within seconds and are confirmed within minutes of 10. During that time, the transaction is considered real, but still reversible. A confirmation is usually provided. If you cannot wait for 1 to be confirmed, or if you are not reassured that a small transaction fee can be paid to accelerate confirmation of transactions, or to use an unsafe transaction detection system to increase the safety factor. For every transaction that is larger, such as

（三）比特币交易的费用

(iii) Bitcoin transaction costs

在大多交易平台上，比特币的买卖转账交易服务商收取一定的费用。这些费用比较低，一般每次交易只需支付0.0001BTC到0.0005BTC的费用。这些费用用于鼓励全球比特币P2P网络节点对比特币网络的维护。

on most trading platforms, Bitcoin's buying-and-transfer service providers charge a certain amount of money. These costs are lower, and normally they cover only the cost of 0.0001 BTC to 0.0005 BTC. These costs are used to encourage global BitcoinP2P web node for the maintenance of the special currency network.

顺便说一下，比特币也有若干分级单位。

By the way, Bitcoin has several hierarchical units.

　　1 BTC=1 比特币

1 BTC=1 bitcoin /span

　　0.01 BTC=1 cBTC=1 分比特币 (也称为 Bitcent)

> (also known as bitcoin > /span > also known as Bitcent > /span >

　　0.001 BTC=1 mBTC=1 毫比特币 (也称为 mbit 或 millibit 或 bitmill)

.001 BTC=1 mBTC=1mbitcoin (>) also known as

　　0.000 001 BTC=1 μBTC=1 微比特币 (也称为 ubit 或microbit)

<0.000,001 BTC=1 BTC=1 microbitcoin () also known as ubit or microbit>

十、比特币在中国简况

ten, Bitcoin in China > /span /span

中国有很多比特币交易平台。2011年7月，《比特币中国》——BTCCHINA成立，这是在中国最早成立的交易平台。这个交易平台宣称，在中国，他们的成交量最高，在全球成交量排名第三。这个交易平台为用户提供人民币买卖比特币服务。

China has many bitcoin trading platforms. 2011 > 7 month, BitcoinChina - BTCCHINA was established as the first trading platform to be established in China. This trading platform claims that they have the highest turnover in China and third in the world. This trading platform provides users with currency trading bitcoins services.

另外，中国还有《火币网 》、《中国比特币》、《OKCoin 》、《比特币交易网》等等比特币交易平台。具体情况，读者容易在网上查询到。

In addition, China also has Bitcoin, China, , OKcoin, Bitcoin Trading Network, etc. Bitcoin trading platforms. Readers can easily access them online. /span

综上所述，比特币是数字时代的超级发明，完全颠复了金融领域传统游戏规则，带来了全新的机制、模式及理念、认识。笔者认为，比特币作为去中心化的虚拟创新货币，将会受到越来越多的关注，将会吸引越来越多的参与者；各种研究机构、服务组织和交易平台将蓬勃兴起；它不可避免地对传统的主权货币形成日益明显的冲击，逐步在市场中占有重要的一席之地。这可能就是比特币发展的大趋势。

In summary, Bitcoin is a super-invent of the digital age that completely reverses traditional rules of the game in the financial field, bringing with it new mechanisms, models, concepts, understandings. I think that Bitcoin, as a decentralised virtual innovation currency, will receive increasing attention and will attract more and more participants; that research institutions, service organizations and trading platforms will flourish; and that it will inevitably have an increasingly visible impact on traditional sovereign currencies and gradually occupy an important place in the market. This may be a major trend in the development of Bitcoin.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   二○一四年五月十九日

& nbsp; & nbsp; 19 May 2014 /span>

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