比特币挖完后，矿工还能赚钱吗？ 挖矿最直接的奖励莫过于出块奖励了。拿BTC来说，目前每挖出一个区块会得到6.25个BTC的出块奖励（按现价大约是240多...
资讯 2024-07-01 阅读:24 评论:0
挖矿最直接的奖励莫过于出块奖励了。拿BTC来说，目前每挖出一个区块会得到6.25个BTC的出块奖励（按现价大约是240多万RMB）。
For BTC, there are currently 6.25 BTC prizes (about 2.4 million RMBs at current prices) for each block.
不过，这个奖励每四年左右会减半，2024年5月左右会减半至3.125个BTC，等到了BTC全挖完的那天（大约在2140年），就不会再有新的比特币产出， 就算币价To Da Moon, 出块奖励也是零。那到时，矿工就只能集体转行了么？
However, the reward will be halved every four years or so, and will be halved to 3.125 BTCs in or around May 2024. By the day that BTC is fully dug out (about 2140), there will be no new bitcoin output, even if the currency is To Da Moon, the prize is zero.
事实上，矿工目前的收入由两部分组成：出块奖励+交易手续费（ Coinbase+Fees) 。只不过目前，交易手续费和区块奖励相比，占比还非常低（如下图），出块奖励仍然是矿工的主要收益来源，交易手续费的平均占比不到2%。
In fact, the miners' current income consists of two components: an incentive + transaction fee (& nbsp; Coinbase+Fees) & nbsp; . is only currently a very low ratio between transaction fees and block incentives (see figure below), and an incentive remains the main source of revenue for miners, with an average transaction fee of less than 2 per cent.
▲ 交易手续费占比-2019/2/28 (来源：fork.lol)
& nbsp; transaction fee ratio - 2019/2/28 & nbsp; (source:fork.rol)
如在下图所示的十个区块的奖励中，交易手续费最高为0.54个BTC（约21万RMB），最少只有0.06BTC（约2.3万元RMB）。
For the 10 blocks shown in the figure below, the transaction fee is a maximum of 0.54 BTCs (approximately 210,000 RMBs) and a minimum of 0.06 BTCs (approximately 23,000 RMBs).
比如，比特币每个区块的平均交易笔数大概是2000多笔：
For example, the average number of transactions per block in Bitcoin is about 2,000:
▲ BTC打包交易数-2019/2/28
单位：笔/区块（来源：fork.lol)
nbsp; BTC packaged transactions 2019/2/28
units: pens/blocks (source:fork.rol)
那交易手续费是用来支付什么的呢？简单来说，是矿工在打包交易而承担的成本。
What is the transaction fee? Simply put,
为了保证点到点交易的安全，交易数据中除了交易信息外，还对数据进行了加密和数字签名，从而产生了相关脚本信息。矿工在打包进区块前，需要对交易数据进行合法性验证和双花验证：包括这笔交易输出是否来自UTXO，交易发起者地址余额是否足够等。
In order to ensure the security of point-to-point transactions, the transaction data are encrypted and digitally signed in addition to the transaction information, resulting in relevant script information.
随着交易量的增加，矿工在处理过程中涉及的计算也会越来越多，为了完成这些工作，矿工需要有相应的设备、足够的存储空间和带宽。理论上，这些成本应该由交易手续费来支付（有人认为，为了提升交易量，交易成本越低越好，不过实际情况来看，如果发送交易不需要任何时间和费用成本，将大大增加有人发起粉尘攻击可能性，造成网络拥堵）。
As the volume of transactions increases, there will also be an increasing number of calculations involved in the process, and in order to do so, miners will need to have the appropriate equipment, sufficient storage space, and bandwidth. In theory, these costs should be covered by transaction fees (the lower the transaction costs are thought to be in order to increase the volume of transactions, but the fact is that sending transactions without any time and cost costs will greatly increase the likelihood of dust strikes, resulting in network congestion).
▲ 平均交易手续费-2019/2/28
单位：聪/字节（来源：fork.lol)
& nbsp; average transaction fees 2019/2/28
units: hearing/bytes (source:fork.rol)
目前，比特币的交易手续费每字节是20.59聪（按天平均），光靠交易手续费，远远不够矿工的成本，更别说盈利了。
Currently, Bitcoin's transaction fees are 20.59 ears per byte (average per day), and is far less than the cost of the miners, let alone the profit.
那如果收入主要依赖出块奖励，交易手续费又不多，等BTC挖完了怎么办呢？
What if the income depends mainly on an incentive and the transaction fee is low, and when the BTC is finished?
因为目前的收入结构，曾有观点认为，随着区块奖励的下降，低交易手续费是不可持续的。为了保证矿工有动力继续挖矿，或者比特币价格上涨，或者交易手续费增加（涨价），不过相信在现在的情况下，交易手续费涨价绝不是个好主意。
Because of the current income structure, it has been argued that, as block incentives decline, low transaction fees are not sustainable. In order to ensure that miners are motivated to continue mining, or to increase the price of bitcoin, or to increase transaction fees (price increases), it is believed that the increase in transaction fees is not a good idea under the current circumstances.
而更多人则认为，多年以后挖矿技术会飞速发展，极有可能挖矿芯片足够微型、便宜，可以装在各种设备中，挖矿这件事从大规模重资产的行业，会变成非常日常、普通的事情，每位使用者本身也可以参与挖矿。
Many more believe that mining technology will develop rapidly in the years to come and that it is highly likely that mining chips will be miniature and cheap enough to be installed in a variety of equipment, and that mining from a large-scale asset-intensive industry will become a very routine and common matter, with each user participating in the mining itself.
此外，区块奖励下降是一个相对漫长的过程，并不会突然间归零，在这期间，矿工有足够的时间与时俱进，探寻更多样化的收入模式。
In addition, the decline in block incentives is a relatively long process and will not suddenly come to zero, during which time miners will have enough time to adapt to the times in search of more diversified income patterns.
但不管怎样，交易产生价值，不管是从实际利益，还是从生态建设来看，交易规模都极为重要。正如中本聪曾说，未来二十年，比特币要么交易量惊人，要么没有交易量。目前，每区块2000多笔的交易量需要通过技术、市场的发展实现进一步的提升。
But in any case, the scale of the transaction is extremely important, both in terms of real benefits and in terms of ecological construction. As Nakamoto once said, in the next two decades, Bitcoins will either have an amazing volume of transactions or no volume of transactions.
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