項目摘要t

摘要
此研究項目以十九世紀俄國作家費奧多爾．陀思妥耶夫斯基 （Fyodor Dostoevsky） 的小說為中心，提出陀氏筆下的人物從根本上具有反諷意味。它們帶有高度自我意識，對自己的思路不斷作出回應。反諷者被思考和有關思考的思想所吸引，在他的腦海中產生令人不安的迷宮。

The research project focuses on the 19th-century Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel, suggesting that the characters of the Dow are fundamentally counterproductive. They have a high degree of self-consciousness and respond to their own thinking.

學者們尚未完全解決反諷在陀氏作品中所帶來的顛覆性。保羅．德曼（Paul de Man） 指出，反諷會造成深深的困惑，並可能導致瘋狂。對於德曼來說，反諷與一個永久的自我意識狀態有關，這表明一種無窮無盡的沉思。對德曼來說，這是諷刺者最容易發瘋的情況，在這種狀態下，他不斷地對自己的思想極限做出反應，並拒絕接受將自我理解為一個完整而穩定的概念。

The scholars have yet to fully address the reversal of irony in Dow’s work. Paul de Man has pointed out that antisatisfaction creates deep confusion and can lead to madness. For Deman, it is related to a permanent state of self-awareness, which shows an endless reflection. For Deman, this is the most prone case for sarcastics to madness, in which he constantly reacts to the extreme limits of his own mind and refuses to accept the idea of understanding himself as a complete and stable concept.

借用德曼的觀點分析陀思妥耶夫斯基，將為有關理論層面的陀氏研究開拓新方向。近期的陀氏研究著重俄羅斯的歷史、宗教和文化，而是次研究項目將焦點放在反諷、偏離主流，讓陀氏脫離國土的羈絆。他作為一位反諷家的任務就是闡明語言和溝通當中的不穩定性。

To analyse Dostoyevsky with Deman’s point of view will open a new direction for the Toshi’s study of the theoretical landscape. The recent Toshi’s study focused on the history, religion and culture of Russia, but focused on counter-satisfaction and deviation from the mainstream of the country’s soil. His mission as an anti-satisfactionist is to clarify the instabilities of language and communication.

對反諷的深入理解將使讀者更好地分析生活中各種不同話語的複雜結構，如手機短訊、藝術品、報紙文章、政治演講等等。反諷能提醒讀者注意文本的多種含義，而不是急於收窄它的含義。廣義地說，有關反諷的研究將培養出對當代社會更加敏感的讀者群。

An in-depth understanding of counter-satisfaction will enable readers to better analyse the complex structures of different words in their lives, such as cellular messaging, art, newspaper articles, political speeches, etc. Anti-satisfaction alerts readers to the many meanings of the text, rather than rushing to narrow its meaning. Broadly speaking, anti-satisfaction research will nurture a more sensitive reading community for the current generation.

項目編號：UGC/FDS15/H02/19（退出）
項目名稱：Breaking disciplinary silos: Examining the effects of a technology-supported team-based interprofessional education model in the Social Sciences (TBIPESS)
首席研究員：Dr GANOTICE Fraide A. Jr.（樹仁）

entry number: UGC/FDS15/H02/19 (departure)
entry sub-silos: Examing the effects of a technical-supported team-basement campaign in the Social Science (TBIPESS)
Principal Researcher: Dr GANOTIE Fraide A. Jr. (Rin)

摘要
很多關於人類面臨的種種社會問題往往都只能經由跨專業的形式以得到最好的解決之道。然而從研究的層面看，許多專家仍然被禁錮在單一專業的模式中 — 跨專業教育（IPE） 恐怕是促成各個專業合作的一個主要方法：不同專業領域的學者專家集思廣益，分享他/她們最專精的學問及技術，進而激發出最大的效益。相對於傳統式的單一專業教育，只圍繞在本科專業領域上，跨專業教育不但能結合各類相關專業，從而激發出最理想的教學成果，也能為各專業在換位思考上建構出更合適的專業技術。

However, at the level of research, many specialists are still banned in a single professional model – cross-professional education (IPE) is probably one of the main ways to foster professional cooperation: academics from different fields of expertise pool their ideas, share their most specialized knowledge and techniques, and develop the most effective ones. For traditional one-stop education, which is confined to their own field of specialization, cross-professional education not only combines the various fields of specialization, but also stimulates the most desirable academic outcomes, and develops more appropriate specialized techniques for the transition of expertise.

雖然跨專業教育模式呈現出的正面效益，但在很多國家及地區，包括香港，單一專業教育模式仍舊最為普遍。在人本服務專業裡的專家多半都需要尋求多方資源以及他方專業建議，甚至是專業外的幫助，才得以為社會大眾供給最大利益 （see for example Jones & Phillips, 2016；Vossos, 2017）。然而，學生在人本服務專業教育上並未能得到相形正規的訓練，甚至毫無概念。在二十一世紀這樣著重多方溝通、合作及共融的社會氛圍下，跨專業合作概念絕對是迫在眉睫的。專業教育模式也應在此刻，為了學生們在未來的發展上，引入跨專業教育模式。

Despite the positive benefits of the cross-professional education model, in many countries and regions, including Hong Kong, a single professional education model is still the most common. Most professionals in human services need to seek multiple resources and advice from others, and even help from outside the profession, to be able to provide the greatest benefit to the public (see for example Jones & Phillips, 2016; Vossos, 2017).

經由此次的先驅實驗 「社會科學專業領域中以科技支援跨專業合作型教育模式」（簡稱為TBIPESS），我們期望研究出如何減少學生在大學裡的學習及二十一世紀所需的技術鴻溝。本混合研究目標為驗證「以科技支援及應用團隊教學法的社會科學跨專業模式教育」於學習及合作技巧上的效能。換句話說，本研究有三個目標：第一，檢測此模式之即時果效以及維持果效之能力（例如以跨專業教育為本所吸收的知識）；第二，驗證在科技支援下的跨專業合作模型效益（例如合作功效）；第三，了解學生如何在跨專業合作上建構團體機制。而隨之經由互動性分析，以人類互動為主的質化數據會更能夠充實及強化之前的量化數據成果。要成就以上三項目標，此次研究會邀請來自香港樹仁大學、香港教育大學、香港大學以及香港中文大學的社會工作系、心理學系、教育系高年級學生。

After this pioneering experiment, “Technology supports the inter-professional cooperation model of education in the field of social sciences” (known as TBIPESS), we look forward to studying how to reduce students’ studies in universities and the technical channels needed for the twenty-first century. The objective of this hybrid study is to test the effectiveness of the “society science and cross-professional education based on science and technology support and applied team teaching law” in terms of learning and collaborative techniques. In other words, the study has three objectives: first, to test the immediate effects of this model and the ability to sustain its effects (e.g., knowledge based on cross-professional education); second, to verify the effectiveness of the inter-professional cooperation model under science and technology support (e.g., effectiveness of cooperation); and, third, to understand how students can build a corporate structure based on cross-professional cooperation.

此次研究將會通過驗證人本服務專業的學生們是否已經對跨專業學習準備就緒，從而帶領文獻進入下一個階段。一個具有效能的跨專業教育模型對於香港的社會科學教育是絕對需要的。此舉能夠為更多的專業領域設立一個先驅模式，進而將跨專業學習融入其相關課程教學中，以提升專業對話、創造批判性思考以及更進一步的學習。如此一個有效的教育模型，對於啟發學生們跨領域合作的概念以有效解決問題得以達到提升，也更能激發香港的專業人士，衍生出更有實用價值的洞察力，從而更有效的地於香港應用跨專業教育模式。

An effective cross-professional education model is absolutely necessary for socio-scientific education in Hong Kong. It will provide a proactive model for more professions to integrate cross-professional learning into their respective curricula in order to enhance professional dialogue, create critical thinking and further learning. Such an effective educational model will lead to an effective upgrading of the concept of cross-domain cooperation among students, and will serve as a catalyst for Hong Kong professionals to develop more effective insights into the application of cross-professional education from a more effective perspective.

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/H13/19
項目名稱：雙語接觸對粵語自閉症兒童語言發展的影響
首席研究員：葛浩燕博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/H13/19
entry name: The impact of bilingual contact on the development of children's languages with autism
Principal researcher: Dr. Ghoyan (Grands)

摘要
自閉症譜系障礙是一種發展障礙，其特徵表現為患者在社交互動和溝通上有困難，同時伴有重複性和限制性行為。自閉症兒童有明顯的溝通障礙、語言發展遲緩、理解及回應他人有困難。專業人士和家長普遍認為，雙語接觸會對自閉症兒童的語言發展增加額外的負擔，然而這一觀點缺乏實驗證據的支持或反對。近來研究發現自閉症患病率正在攀升，每59名兒童中就有一名患兒，加上如今有越來越多的兒童接觸雙語，因此我們迫切需要了解雙語接觸與自閉症之間的關係。

There are obvious communication barriers for children with autism, slow language development, and difficulties in understanding and responding to others. It is widely believed by professionals and parents that bilingual contact increases the extra burden on children with autism, a view that lacks empirical evidence to support or oppose it. Recent research has found that the incidence of autism is increasing, with one in every 59 children suffering from it, and that there are now more children with more contact with each other, so there is an urgent need to understand the relationship between bilingual contact and autism.

迄今為止，只有少數研究考察了雙語接觸對自閉症兒童語言發展的影響。雖然，目前沒有證據顯示接觸雙語的自閉症兒童有額外的語言缺陷或延遲，但以往的研究主要在英語環境中進行，其研究的多為兩種類型學上相似的語言。目前尚未清楚這些發現是否也適用於接觸兩種類型不同語言的自閉症兒童。此外，以往的研究主要依賴於語言評估工具和家長的報告，而自閉症兒童的語言能力需要在真實的對話環境中直接測量。

So far, only a few studies have examined the impact of bilingual contact on the development of the language of children with autism. While there is no evidence that children with bilingual autism have additional language defects or delays, previous studies have been conducted mainly in the English language environment, with many of the same types of language. It has not yet been clear whether these findings are suitable for dealing with children with autism in two different languages. Moreover, previous studies have relied mainly on language assessment tools and parent reports, and the speech skills of children with autism need to be measured directly in the real context.

為了填補這些空白，我們提議研究英語接觸是如何影響香港粵語自閉症兒童的語言發展。我們關注這一群體，不僅僅是因為目前對於這一群體的研究不足，更是因為香港大多數的粵語兒童都或多或少接觸過英語。首先，我們將使用語言評估工具來測評粵語自閉症兒童的基本語言能力；接著，我們將通過精心設計的「遊戲」測試，系統地檢查他們在理解和產出方面的具體語言知識。結合這兩種方法，我們將首先確定，相比正常發育的同齡兒童，粵語自閉症兒童是否會表現出更多的語言障礙。之後，我們將比較有雙語接觸的自閉症兒童與主要接觸粵語的自閉症兒童，看兩者是否存在顯著差異。

To fill these gaps, we propose to study how English-language contact affects the development of the language of children with autism in Hong Kong. We focus not only on this group, which is currently under-researched, but also on the fact that most children in Hong Kong have more or less contact with English. First, we will use language assessment tools to measure the basic language skills of children with autism; then, we will systematically check their personal knowledge of understanding and production through a carefully designed "play" test.

此項計劃的研究結果將增進我們對雙語接觸與自閉症兒童語言發展這兩者之間關係的了解。從實際應用的層面上看，研究結果將有助於在粵英的雙語環境下制定有效的干預措施和康復方案，從而治療自閉症。此項計劃的研究結果亦會為家長、臨床醫生、教育工作者及其他專業人士提供重要的指引，協助他們為香港的粵語自閉症兒童作出相關的語言決策。

The results of this project will enhance our understanding of the relationship between bilingual contact and the development of the language of children with autism. At the practical level, the results will help to develop effective preventive measures and rehabilitation programmes for treatment of autism in the two-language environment of Hong Kong.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/B01/19
項目名稱：國際視角下首席可持續發展官與基於企業社會責任為基礎的高管績效考核標准對企業價值的影響
首席研究員：GOH Lisa 博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/B01/19
entry name: Principal Sustainable Development Officer under the International Corner and high-level performance rating based on corporate social responsibility
Principal Researcher: Dr. GH Lisa (Singer)

摘要
企業社會責任（CSR），就廣義而言，可定義為企業在開展活動時考慮對社會、環境和其他利益持分者的影響。換言之，即企業要考慮以利潤為主要考慮的股東或投資者以外的其他人的需要。我們將探討企業社會責任的兩個關鍵機制：（1）聘請首席可持續發展官（CSO）；（2）利用量度企業責任相關表現的補償契約予公司高級管理人員（例如首席執行官）。由於各國對企業社會責任以及監管和體制環境的看法差異很大，我們決定採用來自不同國家的證券交易所的上市公司樣本數據。首先，我們將在國際層面去探討這兩種做法的頻度，提供其重要性的證據，並研究在國家層面及機構特徵上可導致其採用的差異。其次，我們將檢視這兩種做法在多大程度上與總體CSR績效的關聯性，以及對公司價值的潛在影響（以其股票市場的價值來衡量）。之後，我們將調查企業價值的增加（如有的話）是否與軟性的企業社會責任措施（即談論其作用）或硬性的企業的社會責任改進（即行動）有關。最後，我們將研究國家/地區級特徵，這些特徵可能會增加或削弱任命首席可持續發展官或採用高管薪酬契約中與企業社會責任相關指標的有效性。

We will explore two key mechanisms of corporate social responsibility: (i) hiring a CEO (CSO); (ii) using the award of corporate responsibility to high-level corporate executives (e.g. CEOs) to consider the impact on society, the environment and other stakeholders in their activities. In other words, business will consider the needs of people other than shareholders or investors who are primarily concerned with profit. We will explore two key mechanisms of corporate social responsibility: (ii) hiring a CEO (CSO); (ii) using the award of corporate responsibility to high-level corporate executives (e.g. CEOs); and (iii) using the value of research to high-level corporate executives (e.g., CEOs) to consider the impact of corporate responsibility and regulation and the physical environment.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS17/M08/19
項目名稱：尿石症的表徵和指紋生物標誌物的病例對照研究（第二階段）
首席研究員：高文宇教授（東華）

entry number: UGC/FDS17/M08/19
entry name: Case comparison study of urinary quartz and fingerprinted biological markers (second phase)
Principal Researcher: Professor Gao Wenwoo (East China)

摘要
尋找並定性合適的生物標誌物以檢測腎結石形成的研究進展受到阻礙，主要是由於i) 未經証明與病理有關和不充分純化的尿大分子；ii) 使用非腎臟和非人類來源的商業產品作為測試材料；及iii) 尿結石模型的不足。我們早前的研究已確定，在一眾尿糖胺聚醣中，透明質酸（HA）是晶體和結石患者的重要且可靠的炎症標記。現在廣泛應用於根除腎結石的治療包括體外衝擊波碎石術（ESWL），經皮腎鏡照相術（PCNL）和輸尿管鏡檢查（URETS）。然而，在某些患者的一生中，復發率仍然高達60％。這些復發性腎結石的形成可作為良好的模型用以查找腎結石生成病人血液和尿液中相關的重要生物標誌物及炎症誘發介質。是次的研究是兩階段研究的第二部分。在第一階段，我們調查了六個隊列的血清和尿液樣本中細胞因子和生物標誌物的水平，包括結石患者組，正常對照組以及有感染和無感染的患者組。在第一階段的研究中確定了，除生物化學檢查外，白介素（ILs）6和8，中性粒細胞明膠酶相關的脂鈣素（NGAL）和透明質酸（HA）是可用於篩选和監測的生物標誌物。

summary
. Our earlier research to find and characterize suitable biomarkers to detect the formation of kidney stones has been hampered, mainly by (i) the lack of identification of major urinary molecules associated with pathology and insufficient purity; (ii) the use of commercial products from non-renal and non-human sources as test materials; and (iii) the inadequacy of urinary stone models. Our earlier research has been determined that in a population of urinary sulfides, transparent acid (HA) is an important and reliable inflammation of crystals and stones.

對於是次的第二階段研究，將招募復發性結石形成者進行縱向研究，以研究ESWL / PCNL / URETS治療後在住院患者中鑑定出的特定生物標誌物的水平。我們將使用尿液分析和/或血液測試，用以可靠地檢測出隱藏的腎結石的形成。對複發性結石形成者中生物標誌物參數的分析將有助於發展出結石形成的簡單生化特徵概況。

For the second phase of the secondary study, the recruitment of re-emerging stellar shapers will be subject to a study to study the level of specific biomarkers identified among patients who are hospitalized after the treatment of ESWL/PCNL/URETS. We will use urine analysis and/or blood tests to reliably detect the formation of hidden kidney stones. Analysis of biological marker parameters in repeat sulfurizers will help to develop simple biochemical profiles of fossil formation.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/M07/19
項目名稱：紅樹林濕地微塑膠污染物及其與多環芳烴作用的研究
首席研究員：韓潔博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/M07/19
entry name: Research on wetland microplastic contaminants in the Red Forest and their effects on polycyclic aromatics
Principal Researcher: Dr. Han Jie (Grands)

摘要
塑膠污染無處不在，遍佈水、土壤、甚至是我們呼吸的空氣。近來人們越來越關注沿海濕地塑膠碎片污染造成的不利影響，特別是尺寸相對較小的塑膠，如微塑膠。微塑膠是微小的塑膠顆粒，尺寸小於5毫米。它們不僅可以被水生動物和鳥類吞食，並且通過食物鏈傳遞給人類，同時也可以作為各種污染物，如多環芳烴、重金屬、抗生素和殺蟲劑等的載體。微塑膠可以通過不同的吸附機制長距離攜帶和轉移這些有毒污染物，嚴重危害海洋和生態系統。因此，研究環境中微塑膠的豐度及其與各種污染物的相互作用變得尤為重要。

Small plastic particles, smaller than 5 millimeters. They can be eaten not only by aquatic animals and birds, but also delivered to humans through food chains, and can also be carried as pollutants of various kinds, such as polycyclic aromatics, heavy metals, antibiotics and pesticides. Microplastics can seriously endanger the oceans and ecosystems by removing these toxic pollutants from the swaths and transferring them through different adsorption regimes. Therefore, it is important to study the abundance of microplastics and their interactions with pollutants in the environment.

本研究將以中國廣東省深圳市的內伶仃福田國家級自然保護區（簡稱福田紅樹林）為目標區域。這個區域是一個獨特的生態系統，不僅擁有多樣性的物種，同時受到來自深圳和香港這兩個大都市人類活動的嚴重影響。此外，福田紅樹林是一種重要的潮間帶河口濕地，積累了陸地、河水和潮水中的污染物。以往科學家關於環境中微塑膠和多環芳烴（PAH）的濃度的研究可以幫助我們了解問題的嚴重程度，然而這些研究未能評估由於污染物和微塑膠的相互作用所產生的潛在協同效應。

This study will target the Ninfukuda National Nature Conservancy in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China (known as the Hukuda Red Forest). This region is a unique ecosystem, not just a multi-species species, that is seriously affected by human activity in the two major cities of Shenzhen and Hong Kong. In addition, Hukuda's Red Forest is an important tidal humid area, straining pollutants in land, river and tidal waters. Previous scientists' studies on the intensity of microplastics and polycyclic aromatics (PAHs) in the environment can help us understand the magnitude of the problem, but these studies fail to assess the potential co-benefits of the interaction between contaminants and microplastics.

因此，本研究中選定了菲（三元環）、芘（四元環）和苯並芘（五元環）三種常見的PAH污染物作為模型污染物，研究其在三種環境中常見的微塑膠，包括聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚苯乙烯（PS）的吸附和解吸過程。本項目除了分析福田紅樹林的微塑膠豐度和PAHs的濃度，pH、鹽度和土壤中有機物含量等背景資訊外，還將通過改變pH和鹽度等參數，研究微塑膠聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚苯乙烯（PS）對其吸附能力的變化。最後，通過考察PAHs污染物與三種的微塑膠之間的吸附競爭機制，從而確定微塑膠類型和吸附能力的關係。本研究工作有望通過特定領域的調查和實驗室研究，通過研究PAHs在微塑膠上的吸附-解吸過程，為紅樹林環境中的微塑膠污染問題提供深入的科學知識。本研究希望通過對微塑膠和污染物之間相互作用的研究，模擬不同濃度PAHs和微塑膠作用的綜合影響和風險，從而幫助管理者有針對性的控制紅樹林保護區的相關污染問題。

As a result, three common types of PAH contaminants have been selected in this study as model contaminants, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS). In addition to analysing the microplastic abundance and PAHs content, pH, salinity and organic content in the soil in the Honda mangroves, three common types of microplastic plastics in the three environments, including polyethylene (PE), polypropene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) are to be studied by changing parameters such as pH and salinity, the transformation of their adsorption capabilities. Finally, by looking at the microplastic content of PAHs and PAHs, the research is to determine the relationship between microplastics and adsorbing capabilities of microscopic microscopic microscopicsms.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/E06/19
項目名稱：情感導向：建構設計學習新途徑
首席研究員：何家輝博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/E06/19
entry name: Emotional Orientation: New Path to Building Design and Design
Principal Researcher: Dr. Ho (Grands)

摘要
設計學者對「情感問題和設計之間的關係」的興趣始於2000年代。他們的觀點主要由用戶角度出發；然而，很少研究探討初級設計學生在創新過程中的情緒變化，或探討他們的情緒變化如何影響他們的創作過程甚至結果。

The interest of designers in "The Relationship between Emotional Problems and Design" began in the 2000s. Their point of view is mainly from the user's perspective; however, few studies have been conducted to explore how primary design students have changed their moods in the process of creating new ones, or how their mood changes have affected their process or even their results.

初級設計學生可能難以處理一些涉及許多交互對象接收的資訊。這表明他們的創新過程不僅僅是出於理性和邏輯的考慮；此外，它還包括設計師的技術、經驗和技能，甚至包括他們受外部環境或周圍刺激所產生的反應，而他們對這些外部環境的反應可以被視為情緒反應。因此，包括情緒或情感系統在內的「內在因素」會影響初級設計學生在設計過程中的思考。在過去的研究和調查中，便有提及關於情緒、決策過程和設計過程之間關係的理論。研究還解釋了設計師、設計成果與「設計和情感」方面的用戶/觀眾之間的緊密聯繫。後來，初級設計學生的情緒變化、內部因素和設計過程中的外部因素之間的關係也被探討。這些理論提供了足夠的理論背景來研究如何幫助初級設計學生管理他們的設計過程中的情緒變化，以便在這些過程中獲得更好的表現。這些理論都可以應用於設計教育。過往的研究明確指出了將這些理論引入初級設計學生的設計過程並影響他們在設計過程中的操縱的需求，但是這方面的有效方法卻尚未被開發。

Primary design students may find it difficult to deal with a number of interactive messages. This suggests that their creative process is not merely a consideration of reason and logic; it also includes the skills, experience and skills of designers, even their reactions to outside environments or surrounding stimulation, and their reactions to these external environments can be seen as emotional. Thus, the "inner factors" in the emotional or emotional systems affect the thinking of junior design students in the design process. In previous studies and surveys, the relationship between the design, the process and the design process has also been explored.

因此，本研究旨在探討指導初級設計學生在設計過程中控制情緒的一些方法。確定實用指導原則中涉及的要素後，這些指導原則可能會是給他們提供幫助的工具。因此，應該探索能激勵初級設計學生學習這些實用指導原則的有效方法。首先，研究將探討設計和情感概念引入設計學習的困難。之後，在遵循指導原則並在設計研究中應用情感概念後所能達到的貢獻會被提出。為了實現這些目標，我們將進行一項實證研究，收集定量和定性數據以供進一步分析。本研究將邀請初級本科生創意藝術（設計）作研究參與者，在其設計過程中操縱和應用所提出的原則。這項實證研究將通過兩項研究項目進行：將邀請參與者參與設計過程，並調查其中出現的若干情感因素；這些因素有可能提高初級設計學生操縱其設計過程的能力。參與者的表現將由情緒跟蹤移動應用程式監控。此外，參與者對研究項目的提議原則的反饋，將通過個人訪談和情感識別系統收集，而提議原則在協作設計過程中的有效性則將在焦點小組中收集。最後，參與者的實驗室日誌將反映出可能激勵初級設計學生用於管理情感的元素，和其中操縱他們的設計過程的元素。本研究將展示如何在初級設計學生的設計過程中引入情感。

Thus, the study aims, first, to explore some of the ways in which primary design students can control their emotions in the design process. To achieve these objectives, we will undertake a empirical study that collects quantitative and qualitative data for further analysis. The study will invite the first-level students to create the art (design) to be involved in the research, to develop and apply the originals of the design in their design. This study will be carried out through two research projects: the participants will be invited to participate in the design of the technology, and a number of emotional factors will be investigated; these factors will enhance the ability of the first-level students to take part in the technology, and they will be used in the production of the technology.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/E06/19
項目名稱：建立一個區塊鏈電子商務數據分析模型以促進可信數據互換與數位供應鏈整合
首席研究員：何道森博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/E06/19
entry name: Establishment of a block-link electronics data analysis model to facilitate the exchange of credible data and the integration of digital supply chains
Principal researcher: Dr. Ho Dawson (Singer)

摘要
過去十年中，電子商務的蓬勃發展不僅給電子零售商帶來了顯著的經濟增長，也給物流業帶來了新的機遇和挑戰。為了抓住新興的電子商務物流所帶來的機遇，香港物流服務提供商（LSP）在這電子商務物流中承擔新角色並調整其運營，以滿足不同的客戶需求。這項研究旨在開發基於區塊鏈的電子商務分析模型，將區塊鏈技術和機器學習演算法集成在一起，以管理整個供應鏈中的數據並預測動態的電子商務訂單需求。

The boom in electronic commerce over the past decade has not only led to significant economic growth for electronic retailers, but also to new opportunities and challenges for the logistics sector. To capture the opportunities of new electronic business logistics, the Hong Kong Logistics Service Providers (LSP) assumes a new role in electronic business logistics and adjusts its operations to meet different client needs. The study aims to develop an electronic business analysis model based on sector chains, bringing together sector chain technology and mechanics algorithms to manage the entire supply chain and predicting dynamic electronic business needs.

這項研究為行業從業者包括LSP和電子零售商能提前計劃電子商務運營。從LSP的角度來看，該預測模型使公司能夠實現電子商務訂單到達模式，從而可以實時靈活地重新分配適量的資源，以應對在配送中心每小時波動的訂單到達時間。從電子零售商的角度來看，通用預測模型允許公司預測例如各種電子商務銷售管道之間的銷售量，來自不同客戶群的銷售量以及不同產品類別的電子商務銷售績效。通過解決電子商務商業環境中需求的不可預測性，本研究有助於製定有效的物流運營計劃決策支持策略，從而增強香港的電子商務物流能力。

From the perspective of the LSP, the predictive model allows companies to realize e-business orders to arrive in a mode that allows them to reallocate the right amount of resources from time to time in order to meet the hour-by-hour orders at distribution centres. From the point of view of electronic retailers, the GP model allows companies to anticipate sales between, for example, various types of e-business outlets, sales from different client groups, and electronic commerce sales performance from different product groups. By addressing the unpredictable nature of demand in the electronic commerce business environment, the study would have supported the development of effective logistics planning strategies and enhanced Hong Kong's tele-business logistics capacity.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/B17/19
項目名稱：環保意識對綠色債券收益率的影響
首席研究員：何偉明博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/B17/19
entry name: Impact of environmental awareness on green bond yields
Principal Researcher: Dr. Ho Weimin

摘要
本研究將探討投資者的環保意識對綠色債券收益率的影響。綠色債券是指為各種以保護環境為目標的項目集資的債務工具。因應推行環保項目所需的資金快速增長以及投資者對綠色資產的需求不斷上升，近年來綠色債券發行量激增。

This study explores the impact of investors' environmental awareness on green bond yields. Green bonds are debt instruments for a variety of projects aimed at protecting the environment. The rapid increase in the amount of money needed to implement environmental projects and the constant rise in investors' demand for green goods have led to a surge in green bonds in recent years.

本研究採用配對法估算綠色債券與具有幾乎相同特徵的合成常規債券之間的收益率差異。然後，對收益率差異和投資者的環保關注度進行回歸分析，以確定環保關注度對債券收益率的影響。本研究的其中一個創新點是利用在線搜索活動來衡量和追蹤傳統上由問卷調查獲得的主觀環保關注度的趨勢。

The study uses matching methods to estimate the difference in yield between green bonds and synthetic regular bonds with almost the same characteristics. Then, a return analysis of the difference in yield rates and the investor’s environmental interest is conducted to determine the impact of environmental interest on bond yields.

本研究的結果對學術界和業界都有重要貢獻：（1）在環保關注度與債券收益率之間的關係上進一步了解可持續金融；（2）向投資於符合某些綠色標準和指引的債券的投資者提供建議；（3）向推動綠色債券市場以實現可持續發展的政府，中央銀行和監管機構提供指引。

The results of this study have made important contributions to both the academic community and industry: (i) further understanding of sustainable finance in the relationship between environmental interest and bond yields; (ii) advising investors who invest in bonds that meet certain green criteria and guidelines; and (iii) providing guidance to Governments, central banks and regulators that promote green bond markets for sustainable development.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS25/P01/19
項目名稱：高鐵酸鹽與污染物和生物分子在水溶液中的氧化反應的機理研究
首席研究員：林偉恩博士（高科院）

entry number: UGC/FDS25/P01/19
entry name: Mechanical study of high ironate salt and the oxidation of contaminants and biomoleculars in water solutions
Principal Researcher: Dr. Lin Wayne (High School)

摘要
此項目是關於高鐵酸鹽（FeVIO42）氧化水溶液中污染物和生物分子的機理研究。鐵是除鋁以外在地殼中含量第二高的金屬。高鐵酸鹽離子已有數十年的歷史，它是一種強氧化劑，其氧化性甚至比高錳酸鹽（MnO4）和鉻酸鹽（CrO42）強。高鐵酸鹽能夠氧化多種無機和有機化合物，污染物和微生物。因此，對高鐵酸鹽與不同底物的反應性的研究至關重要。

Summary
is a mechanical study of contaminants and biomoleculars in high iron acid oxide (FeviO42) water solutions. Iron is the second-highest metal in the crust, except for zirconium. The high iron acid ion, which is a powerful oxidant for decades, is even better oxidizing than the high oxidized salt (MnO4) and the crO42). High iron acid is capable of oxidizing multiple inorganic and organic compounds, pollutants and microbes. It is therefore important to study the reaction of high iron acids and different substrates.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/H15/19
項目名稱：香港南亞裔少數族裔非華語學生普通話聲調發音和感知研究
首席研究員：林文芳博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/H15/19
entry name: Mandarin Pronunciation and Sensitization Study for Non-Chinese speaking Students of South Asian Minorities in Hong Kong
Principal Researcher: Dr. Lin Manfang (Grander)

摘要
回歸以來，香港實行「兩文三語」的語言政策。在這種多語環境下，漢語無疑逐漸成為非華裔學生融入香港社會的一個障礙。近年來，有不少學者和香港政府致力幫助他們改善中文和粵語，然而目前看來，他們的普通話水準尚未得到關注。不少研究指出，普通話聲調作為一個重要的區別意義的溝通手段，給母語為非聲調語言學習者帶來了很大的困難。本計劃以香港南亞裔的三個主要族群（印度、尼泊爾和巴基斯坦）為研究對象，首次對母語多屬非聲調語言的南亞裔學生普通話聲調的產出和感知進行研究研究目的包括：（1）香港南亞裔學生的普通話學習經歷；（2）南亞裔學生普通話聲調的產出和感知實驗；（3）影響南亞裔學生普通話聲調習得的各種語言因素。

Many scholars and the Hong Kong government have been trying to help them improve their Chinese and Chinese languages in recent years, but it seems that their common language is not receiving much attention. A number of studies have pointed out that Mandarin is an important medium of communication for non-speakers in Hong Kong, causing great difficulty for mothers and mothers. Three major ethnic groups (India, Nepal and Pakistan) of Hong Kong’s South Asian origin are planning to study and communicate with them for the first time on the common language of their mother’s many non-speakers.

為考察香港南亞裔學生對普通話聲調的掌握情況，本計劃將採用混合的研究方法，以確保結果能反映普通話學習經驗及聲調習得的具體情況。首先進行社會語言學調查，對香港南亞裔在校中學生展開大規模隨機抽樣問卷調查，了解其語言背景及其他語言經驗，並邀請部分被調查者接受半結構式訪談，進一步了解其普通話學習難點。其次，運用感知同化模型（Perceptual Assimilation Model）獲得南亞裔學生的普通話聲調產出和感知的偏誤類型。最後，借助第二語言習得的理論框架探討各種影響南亞裔學生普通話聲調習得的語言因素，例如語言類型距離和第二語言地位，並據研究觀察所得提供一些教學建議。

First, a socio-linguistic survey will be conducted to provide a large random sample of Hong Kong students in schools of South Asian origin, to understand their language background and other language experiences, and to invite some of the respondents to receive semi-structured interviews and to learn more about their common language learning difficulties. Second, the use of the Sensitization Model (Percentual Association Model) for the production and perception of South Asian students is a misunderstanding. Finally, using the second-language framework of theory to explore the linguistic factors that affect the general discourse of South Asian students, such as the linguistic distance from the second language and the second-language status of the second language, and to provide some academic advice based on research and observation.

迄今為止，香港南亞裔學生學習普通話的情況還沒有相關的研究，本計劃填補了這一空白。另外，本計劃的研究結果也將對第二語言習得和對外漢語等理論具重要的意義，並給香港普通話教學及研究提供借鑒，以更好了解香港南亞裔學生學習普通話聲調的學習難點。

So far, there has been no research on the learning of Mandarin by South Asian students in Hong Kong, and the plan fills this gap. Moreover, the results of the project will have important implications for second-language learning and theory such as foreign Chinese, and will provide Hong Kong with lessons in the teaching of Mandarin and research in order to better understand the learning difficulties of Hong Kong South Asian students in the teaching of Mandarin.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS15/M01/19
項目名稱：應對第十個十年的挑戰：香港近百歲及百歲老人的混和方法研究
首席研究員：劉喜寶博士（樹仁）

entry number: UGC/FDS15/M01/19
entry name: The challenge for the tenth decade: The mix of 100-year-old and 100-year-olds in Hong Kong
Principal Researcher: Dr. Liu Heebao

摘要
世界各國的人口都正在急劇地老化。每兩名2000年後出生的小孩就有一名會活到100歲，香港亦不例外。本地65歲以上人口將會由2016年的116萬增加到2066年的259萬（2.2倍），而同期的80歲以上人口則會由34萬增加到121萬（3.5倍）。百歲老人的升幅將會更大，由2014年大約2,800人增至2064年的46,800人（16.7倍）。讓社會上最年長的市民過一個有尊嚴、自主而豐盛的晚年是各項安老政策的目標。

The population of every country in the world is rapidly ageing. One child born after 2000 will live to 100 years, and Hong Kong will be no exception. The number of people over 65 will increase from 1.16 million in 2016 to 2.59 million in 2066 (2.2 times), while the number of people over 80 will increase from 340,000 to 1.21 million in the same period (3.5 times). The number of 100-year-olds will rise even more, from approximately 2,800 in 2014 to 46,800 in 2064 (16.7 times).

80歲的生活跟80至100歲時的生活可以有很顯注的分別。後者可能需要面對更多身體機能衰退、更難從疾病中康復、配偶甚或子女的離世、自己壽命的終結等等。儘管這些都是因長壽而來卻難以避免的挑戰，我們團隊於2011年進行的香港百歲老人研究顯示有一群95歲或以上的長壽長者仍可以每天有尊嚴、自主、豐盛地生活。2011年的研究是本地第一個百歲老人研究，集中探討這群長者的身體及心理健康狀況。是次研究則著重探討這群長者如何利用活了一世紀的智慧及資源應對日常生活上各方面的挑戰。本研究項目把長者應對生活挑戰理論化為一個管理個人及社交資源增長及失去的過程。為了應對一個難關，長者需要使用個人及社交資源去作出回應性或預備性的各種認知及行為應對方法。成功渡過難關讓長者在資源上有所增長。長者的家人亦於現在這個舊智慧與新科技共融的世代面對著各式各樣照顧難題及機遇。在了解箇中的應對過程，本研究會探討俗民智慧、家人照顧與樂齡科技如何支持長者的生活質素。本研究的結果將會有助政府及民間前線照顧人員制訂更有效回應長者及其家人需要的政策，並幫助較年輕一輩準備其豐盛晚年。

The Hong Kong 100-year-old study, conducted by our team in 2011, shows that a group of older people aged between 80 and 100 can live with dignity, autonomy, and prosperity every day. The 2011 study is a study of the first 100-year-old in the country, focusing on the physical and mental health of the elderly.

本研究採用混合方法研究模式。頭腦清晰而95歲或以上的長者會連同其主要照顧者一併被邀請到本項目。香港社會服務聯會將透過其長者及復康服務網絡招募參加者。我們會以問卷收集有關長者及照顧者的量性資料，例如身體狀況、心理健康、社交支援、靈性生活、性格、應對方式、生活方式、服務使用狀況、科技使用情況、照顧經歷，以及基本個人資料。參加者應對生活難題的故事則以質性研究方法收集及整理。整個資料收集過程為時2.5至3小時；長者及照顧者會一併參與。量性數據可以讓我們作出參加者與參加者之間，以及與外國水準的比較，而質性數據則可以立體地描繪出參加者的挑戰及應對過程。採用混合方法研究模式有助平衡數據收集的深度及闊度。本研究將收集150對長者及其照顧者的數據，並為期3年。

The Hong Kong Association of Social Services will recruit participants through its elders and rehabilitation services networks. We will collect quantitative data on elders and caregivers, such as physical condition, mental health, social support, spirituality, sexuality, coping methods, lifestyle, service use, scientific use, care experience, and basic personal data.

隨著第三浪百歲老人研究於國際間盛行，香港更需要一個以理論為本、著眼於俗民智慧及科技的融合、採用混合方法研究模式，並收納家庭照顧者的聲音的百歲老人研究項目，以為新世代的安老政策提供數據及理論基礎。

With the study of the international prevalence of the third 100-year-old population, Hong Kong needs a 100-year-old research project based on theory, based on the integration of popular wisdom and technology, using a mixed approach, and incorporating the voices of family caregivers, which assumes that the new generation’s policy of ageing provides data and theoretical foundations.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS25/M09/19
項目名稱：植物細胞的脂質相關蛋白運輸通路的分子研究
首席研究員：羅浩然博士（高科院）

entry number: UGC/FDS25/M09/19
entry name: Molecular study of lipid-related protein transport routes for plant cells
Principal researcher: Dr. Rohhorang (Hoko Academy)

摘要
適時準確傳遞膜物質對於植物生長，發育和細胞體內平衡起關鍵作用。在膜物質當中，科學界對於跨膜結構域蛋白的靶向運輸了解甚多，但是，與一類稱為糖基磷脂醯肌醇（GPI）的聚醣-脂質部分相關的腔內分泌蛋白，其與膜結合和分選到質膜（PM）和細胞外空間的了解很少。這些GPI固定蛋白（GPI-APs）在花粉管引導和接收，表皮形成和植物細胞壁中的纖維素沉積中起重要的發育作用。有趣的是，一部分GPI-AP專門被非網格蛋白介導的內吞作用（CIE）內吞進入了在哺乳動物細胞中稱為「富含GPI-AP的早期內體細胞室」（GEEC）。儘管它在植物中發揮著重要作用，但甚少從靶向運輸的角度了解它們的機理。在這研究計劃，擬南芥GPI-APs將用作分子標記物，以識別植物細胞內的CIE和GEEC，並了解GPI-APs在ER和TGN分泌的分子機制，目的是了解靶向運輸如何控制GPI-AP在植物生長和發育中的作用。我們結合最先進的細胞、分子、生化和細胞成像技術，旨在更好地描述植物細胞中與脂質相關的蛋白質運輸途徑的特色。這項研究的成果有望推動我們在植物細胞生物學領域的知識前沿，進一步探索植物細胞中蛋白質和脂質之間的密切關係，並刺激細胞工程技術在有用生物分子的生物製藥生產中的潛在應用。

our summary
properly conveys the key to plant growth, growth, and intra-cellular balance. In membrane matter, the scientific community knows a great deal about the transport of the targets of transmural proteins, but with the concentrated-lipid proteins known as sugar-based phosphorus sulfonol (GPI) < < < / strong < > > >, the internal proteins associated with the endocrine-lipids, which bind and separate to the membrane (PM) and cellular space are poorly understood. The GPI fixed proteins (GPI-APs) in the membrane are used to guide and receive, and the pellets in the plant are important in the production of the PPI and in the production of the PPI.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/H04/19
項目名稱：跳出傳統思維框架：香港會計界所面臨打擊洗錢及反恐怖分子資金籌集的挑戰
首席研究員：李梅芳博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/H04/19
entry name: Jumping out of the Traditional Thinking Framework: The Challenge for Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Financing in Hong Kong's Accounting Community
Principal Researcher: Dr. Lee Mayfang (Singer)

摘要
近幾十年來，反洗錢和反恐融資是各國（包括香港）在不同國家/地區的首要議事項目。洗錢和恐怖分子籌資活動可增加犯罪數量並損害經濟。研究發現，一些會計師在洗錢和恐怖分子籌資活動方面發揮了重要角色，並且偶爾故意對非法活動視而不見。

In recent decades, anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing has been a top priority for countries (including Hong Kong) in different countries/regions. Money laundering and terrorist fund-raising can increase the number of crimes and damage the economy. Research has found that some accountants play an important role in money laundering and terrorist fund-raising activities, and occasionally ignore illegal activities.

香港於2018年最新修訂的《反洗錢和反恐融資條例》（《反洗錢條例》）為會計人員施加了重要的打擊洗錢和恐怖分子籌資的義務，修訂後的《反洗錢條例》要求會計師進行客戶盡職調查以了解其客戶，他們還肩負著更繁重的職責，要向主管當局報告可疑交易並承擔更高的責任風險。自2012年以來，金融機構被要求對客戶進行客戶盡職調查措施可以通過會計師執行這些措施。擴大會計師在打擊洗錢和恐怖分子籌資方面的責任可以幫助維護香港金融市場的完整性，並以反洗錢、安全的商業環境進一步提高香港作為國際金融中心的聲譽，全面有效地執行經修訂的《反洗錢條例》至為重要。會計師要重新設置其傳統理解，並在反洗錢和反恐融資中扮演更積極的角色，即使是有經驗的會計師，這也不是一件容易的事。修改後的《反洗錢條例》最近引起了對從業者、金融機構、學者、監管者、公司管理層和決策者的極大關注。

The Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Regulations, recently revised in 2018, impose important obligations on accountants to combat money laundering and terrorist fund-raising, and require accountants to conduct customer surveys to find out about their clients. Since 2012, financial institutions have been required to report suspicious transactions to the competent authorities and take greater responsibility.

會計師是金融市場的守門人。從法律的角度來看，有許多關於會計師的研究，但是關於會計師於反洗錢和反恐融資法律的研究卻是不夠的，由於反洗錢和反恐融資是全球己啟動/即將啟動的最新法律領域。這項研究有兩方法，從而以經修訂的《反洗錢條例》實施後的法律角度審查和評估會計師面臨的挑戰。一方面，這項研究將分析法院案例，以評估反洗錢和反恐融資中會計人員可能承擔的責任風險，這些風險驅動了會計師的合規行為。另一方面，本研究將參考對反洗錢和反恐融資採取了強而有力措施的澳洲，英國和美國等國的經驗，從實際的角度審查和評估對香港會計師在反洗錢和反恐融資法律和監管框架的有效性。硏究結果將為會計師提供建議以施行修訂後的《反洗錢條例》措施，並為監管機構制定一套全面的方法來監管會計師於反洗錢和反恐融資的活動，及為從業者、金融機構、學者、監管者、公司管理層和決策者提供實用的見解。

From a legal point of view, there is a lot of research on accountants, but research on accountants' anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing laws is not enough, given that anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing are the latest legal domain to be activated/will be activated globally. There are two ways in which the study will examine and evaluate the challenges faced by accountants from the legal standpoint of the revised Anti-Money Laundering Regulations. On the one hand, the study will analyse court cases and evaluate the risks that members of accountants in anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing may bear in assessing the effectiveness of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing laws and regulatory frameworks. On the other hand, the study will look at anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing in Australia, the UK and the United States, where strong measures have been taken.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS24/E02/19
項目名稱：為香港硏發最可持續性，安全，可靠及低碳的家用燃料
首席研究員：梁振華博士（理大專業進修學院）

entry number: UGC/FDS24/E02/19
entry name: Hong Kong's most sustainable, safe, reliable and low-carbon domestic fuel
Principal Researcher: Dr. Liang Zhenhua (Major Institute of Science and Technology)

摘要
根據政府統計處2017年報，家庭能源秏用量是香港全年能源用度（340,000太焦耳）的18.95%。其主要來源是電力（12.45%）及氣體燃料包括煤氣（4.53%）和石油氣（1.97%）。在香港，商用石油氣的成份是丙烷（30%）及丁烷（70%）。石油氣廣為家庭應用因為它方便獲取、容易使用、安全及可靠。不過，由燃燒石油氣而產生的空氣污染，包括有毒的一氧化碳及氮氧化物，和溫室氣體二氧化碳，仍然是影響我們健康及環境的大問題。尤其是香港人囗稠密激化了這個問題。再者，全球石油資源的耗盡更顯出開拓綠色能源的急切需要。

In Hong Kong, commercial petroleum gas is composed of propane (30 per cent) and butane (70 per cent). Oil gas is used by households because it is easily accessible, usable, safe and reliable. However, air pollution from burning oil gas, including toxic carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, remains a major problem affecting our health and environment.

氫氣被認定是零排放的燃料，因為它和氧氣燃燒後只會產生大量能量及水蒸汽。氫氣是最輕的燃料，每千摩爾只有2公斤重量，但每公斤氫氣的含熱量卻達到150兆焦耳。不過，現時氫氣只能用作太空船燃料。由於它具有極度易燃及爆炸風險的特性，用作家用燃料便存在很大的困難。要應用氫氣，就要克服它的危險特性，包括容易洩漏、低能量燃點、極低溫度蒸發、高爆炸風險及對容器的腐蝕性。氫氣才可以用作為一種既安全，又能可靠地輸送、存放及應用的家用燃料。

Hydrogen is considered to be a zero-emission fuel, because it and oxygen are burned with only a large amount of energy and water vapour. Hydrogen is the lightest fuel, with only 2 kgs of weight per kilometer, but the heat per kilogram of hydrogen reaches 150 MJ. However, hydrogen is now used only as a fuel for a spaceship. Since it is extremely flammable and explosive, it is very difficult to use as a home-based fuel. If it is to be used, it must overcome its dangerous characteristics, including leakage, low-energy flaring, extremely low-temperature evaporation, high-explosive risk, and corrosiveness of containers.

我們嘗試運用「適量混和」的方法來發揮氫氣及石油氣互補的優勢和克服把氫氣用作家用燃料的困難。在這個科硏項目中，我們希望達到以下目標：
（一）因為氫氣的零含炭量，混和氫氣/石油氣可產生較少的溫室氣體：二氧化碳。
（二）因為得到氫氣的幫助，石油氣可盡量伸延其「特少燃料份量」的特性。這個燃燒狀況可以減少一氧化碳及氮氧化物的產生。
（三）相對很穏定的石油氣，可以有效地減低氫氣的極度易燃和具有爆炸的缺點。
（四）利用較重的石油氣來混和氫氣，由氫氣的極強浮力所引至的洩漏風險便可以有效地降低。其所引起的火警及爆炸風險亦相應減低。
（五）用廉價的石油氣來混和較高價的氫氣，可以有助降低成本。混和氫氣/石油氣可以成為有經濟效益的持續性家庭/商業用的燃料。

In this project, we hope to achieve the following goal:
(i) because of the zero carbon content of hydrogen, mixing and hydrogen/oil gas can produce less greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide.
(ii) because of the help of hydrogen, the oil gas can stretch its "specially low fuel" characteristics as much as possible. This burning situation can reduce the generation of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
(iii) Because of the low carbon content of hydrogen, it can effectively reduce the extremes of the gas and the gaps in the explosion.
(iv) Using heavy oil gas to blend and refuel, with the risk of leakage caused by the very high volatility of the gas, it can effectively reduce the energy costs and costs associated with the explosion.

在這個科硏項目的前半部，我們將會全面地探討來肯定混和氫氣/石油氣燃料的安全、穏定、可靠、高熱能及低污染物排放特性。我們希望在應用氫氣/石油氣作為可持續性的家用燃料得到突破。在這個科硏項目的後半部，所有在生產、輸送、存放及應用這種混和氫氣/石油氣燃料可能遭遇到的難題都會一一探討及解決。為了完成這個科硏項目，我們將會設計一系列安全、穏定、可靠和有效率的系統去生產、輸送、存放及應用最理想的混和氫氣/石油氣燃料。我們亦會把科硏成果在科學期刋或會議發表，及為我們的學生提供在科硏工作上的培訓。

In the first half of this project, we will explore in a comprehensive manner the safety, integrity, reliability, high thermal energy, and low-pollutant emission characteristics of blending and hydrogen/oil fuel. We hope to see a breakthrough in the use of hydrogen/oil as a sustainable household fuel. In the second half of this project, all possible problems in producing, delivering, storing, and applying this blending and hydrogen/oil fuel will be solved. To complete the project, we will design a range of safe, defined, reliable and efficient systems to produce, deliver, store, and adapt the best possible mix and hydrogen/oil fuel.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS15/H12/19
項目名稱： 香港民主運動的策略與聯盟變化：感知政治機會與威脅的角色
首席研究員：李鏗博士（樹仁）

entry number: UGC/FDS15/H12/19
entry name: The Strategy and Alliance of the Democratic Movement of Hong Kong: The Role of Sensitization of Political Opportunities and Threats
Principal Researcher: Dr. Lee (Rin)

摘要
這是一項關於香港民主運動策略與聯盟變化的研究。有關社會運動策略與聯盟組成對社會運動成敗所扮演的角色，近年開始備受研究社會運動的學者所關注。本研究旨在探討這一重要卻被忽略的研究領域。本研究將檢視香港民主運動的發展軌跡，並有以下四項研究目標：（一）調查由1997年到2021年香港政治機會與威脅在結構上的變化；（二）探討同一時間內泛民主派政黨及社運組織的感知政治機會與威脅；（三）分析結構與感知的政治機會與威脅如何影響泛民主派政黨及社運組織選擇制度內或制度外的運動策略；（四）分析結構與感知的政治機會與威脅如何促使或抑制泛民主派政黨及社運組織建立或瓦解運動聯盟。本研究將會透過檔案研究、深入訪談與田野研究以蒐集相關的研究資料。

This study aims to explore an important but neglected field of research. The study will examine the evolution of the democratic movement in Hong Kong, with the following four research objectives: (i) to investigate the structural transformation of political opportunities and threats in Hong Kong from 1997 to 2021; (ii) to explore the perceived political opportunities and threats of the intra-democratic parties and social movements at the same time; (iii) to analyse how the political opportunities and threats of the structure and perception influence the intra-democratic parties and social movements in their choice of institutional or extra-institutional approaches; and (iv) to analyse how perceived political opportunities and threats have led to or discouraged the formation or dissolution of movements of the pan-democratic political parties and social movements at the same time; and (iii) to study how the research will be conducted in-depth in the field.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/B05/19
項目名稱：在矛盾中領導：關於控制──自治的二元方法
首席研究員：廖逸博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/B05/19
entry name: Leading in Contradiction: A Dual Approach to Control - Self-Government
Principal Researcher: Dr. Liao Jian (Hong)

摘要
領導者的角色要求他們在工作中常常應對矛盾 — 相互衝突但又相互聯繫的要素。對於任何領導者而言，最常見的矛盾之一源於管理控制和自治的需要。控制與自治的矛盾是指領導者需要同時解決相互矛盾但又互補的控制與自治，這在傳統上被視為「或非」關係。現有的領導力文獻主要集中在這兩個要素中的但一方面。例如，交易型領導力專注於如何有效控制最大產出，而增強領導力則強調賦予員工權力的重要性。然而，越來越多的組織力量和員工自治被公認為現代領導文學中有效領導的關鍵。在既需要適當的控制又要有適當的自治的情況下，管理不善（即過度控制和過度自主權）常會引起問題。沒有適當的槓桿機制，無法獲得兩全其美的選擇（即適當控制和自治的好處），領導者和僱員都可能受到負面影響，從而前者失去控制權而後者則要承擔責任。

One of the most common contradictions for any leader is the need for managerial control and autonomy. The contradiction between control and self-government means that leaders need to address conflicting but complementary control and autonomy at the same time, which is traditionally seen as "or non-" relationships. The role of the leaders is often concentrated on one of these two elements. For example, trade-type leadership focuses on how to effectively control the most productive, while increasing the importance of leadership in empowering workers.

儘管現代組織需要同時進行控制和自治，但仍需要探索領導者有效管理此種矛盾的方法。在這項擬議的研究中，我們旨在從行動識別理論的角度探索這種解決方案。為了檢驗提出的研究模型，將採用三波段、多來源的數據收集方法。這項研究得出的研究結果將有助於未來關於領導者矛盾管理的研究。

While modern organizations need to exercise control and autonomy at the same time, there is a need to explore ways for leaders to manage this paradox effectively. In this simulation, we aim to explore this solution from the point of view of operational literacy. To test the proposed model, a three-wave, multi-source data collection approach will be used.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS25/E06/19
項目名稱：研發優異熱特性的復合型隔膜用於提高下一代鋰離子電池安全性能
首席研究員：呂曉瑩博士（高科院）

entry number: UGC/FDS25/E06/19
entry name: The compound diaphragm for the development of good thermal properties is used to improve the safety of the next generation of ion batteries
Principal Researcher: Dr. Xiao Xiao Xiao (Hong Academy)

摘要
可充電鋰離子電池（LIB）和塑膠產品已廣泛應用於我們的日常生活中。隨著高級LIB的迅速發展和一次性塑膠產品的大量消費，近年來電池安全性和塑膠廢物的正確處理等技術挑戰已引起人們的廣泛關注。特別是，隨著對高能量密度和快速充電技術的追求，LIB中嚴重的溫度不均勻分佈會導致災難性的熱失控。最近發生的LIB偶然起火和爆炸事故可能最初是由局部過熱引發的，這極大地刺激了具有高安全性的LIB的快速發展。

summary/strang>
chargeable ion batteries (LIB) and plastic products have been widely used in our daily lives. With the rapid development of the high LIB and the high cost of one-off plastic products, technical challenges such as battery safety and the proper handling of plastic waste in recent years have generated widespread attention. In particular, with the pursuit of high energy density and fast charge technologies, severe heat differentials in LIB may cause catastrophic heat loss. The recent LIB accidental fires and explosions may initially have been triggered by local heat, which have stimulated the rapid development of highly secure LIBs.

本研究採用了包含高導熱性金屬氮化物陶瓷的複合隔板導電性和高熱穩定性的塑膠廢料將通過靜電紡絲工藝合成。通過優化電紡參數，將成功開發出微米/納米級結構、高結晶度和相容介面的導熱複合隔板，以有效、快速地消除局部過熱，從而實現均勻的熱量分佈，實現出色的安全性能。為了降低介面熱阻，相容的介面設計將通過分別使用液體剝離和等離子輻射處理的金屬氮化物陶瓷和塑膠廢料的表面功能化來實現。與常規金屬氧化物相比，金屬氮化物陶瓷的明顯優勢包括高導熱性、出色的化學穩定性以及在電化學環境中避免了H2O的形成。此外，塑膠廢料具有高的熱穩定性，並且用於再生高附加值的電池隔板的成本相對較低。

The study uses a combination panel-guided and high-heat-stabilized plastic waste with high thermal nitrogen ceramics. In order to reduce the heat resistance of the interface, compatible interfaces will be synthesized through static electrostatic wires. The fine electron parameters will allow the successful development of micro/nami-grade, high-temperature crystallization and combustible interfaces to effectively and quickly eliminate local overheating. The obvious advantages of nitrous ceramics include high heat, excellent chemical stability and avoidance of H2O formation in the electrochemical environment.

在研究中，我們還假設並把目標訂於證明復合隔板中金屬氮化物陶瓷和塑膠廢料的綜合益處，以改善LIB的安全性。與商用隔膜相比，複合隔膜的電化學評估和安全性能將在硬幣電池和袋式電池原型中在正常和不利條件下系統地進行。在不利條件下，袋式電池的溫度分佈將通過紅外熱像儀可視化，而熱失控溫度將通過加速量熱儀測量進行量化。在以上實驗和數值研究的基礎上，合理設計具有優異熱特性的複合隔板，將建立良好的工藝-性能-性能關係。總體而言，該廢物源項目對於提高LIB的安全性和塑膠回收行業的健康發展將具有重要意義。在該項目中開發的複合隔板還將為解決儲能系統的熱失控問題鋪平新的研究方向。

In the study, we also assume that the goal is to demonstrate the co-benefits of metal nitrogen ceramics and plastic waste in the recovery partitions, in order to improve the security of the LIB. The electrochemical evaluation and safety of complex diaphragms, compared to commercial diaphragms, will be carried out systematically under normal and unfavourable conditions in the coin battery and bag prototypes. Under adverse conditions, the temperature distribution of the bag battery will be visible through infrared thermals, while the heat loss temperature will be quantified through accelerated calculator measurements. On the basis of the above experiments and numerical studies, the rational design of the diaphragms will establish a good work-performance-performance-performance relationship.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/E10/19
項目名稱：建基於半監督式聚類演算法的短文字題目的自動評分方法 - 能有效利用小型訓練樣本的研究
首席研究員：呂國輝教授（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/E10/19
entry name: Self-appraisal method for short-text topics based on semi-supervised cluster algorithms - Researcher
with effective use of small training templates: Prof. Xing Kuo Guixiang

摘要
提供及時的評估反饋對學習果效很重要。自動化評分可以克服人手評分的限制，提供全時間的評估反饋服務，並可以增強在線學習平台的學習體驗。與選擇題和填充題評分相比，短文本答案評分的自動化有更多的技術上的挑戰。短文本題目著重考驗專題知識的記憶，因此一個優秀的電腦評分系統應該對文本的語義敏感，並且靈活地接納或拒絕其他表達答案的方式。機器學習被認為是電腦評分系統的有效基本技術，因為它可以概括到未見的答案。過去的電腦評分研究遵循監督學習或無監督學習兩種方法。前者使用已評分的答案作為訓練用樣本，如果樣本全面、平衡且足夠大量，理論上可以達至很高精度。後者基於聚類演算法，根據語義相似性將學生答案劃分為聚類，每個群組內的學生答案被認為是同等，並且應該獲得相同的分數，當其一答案獲評定分數，則可以將該分數傳播到同一群集的其他答案。

Summary provides more technical challenges to the self-motivation of short text scores than choice and filling. Short text questions focus on the memory of knowledge, so a good computer rating system should be sensitive to the language of the text and be responsive to, or reject, the way in which others are presented. Machine learning is considered to be an effective basic technique for the computer rating system, as it can be summarized as an unseen answer. Past computer appraisals follow supervisory studies or lack of monitoring.

獲評定分數的答案所組成的樣本，對電腦評分仍然至關重要，而電腦評分的實用性取決於獲得該樣本的工作量。對此，監督機器學習被認為是不切實際的，因為每個評分任務都需要有大量的訓練樣本。另一方面，無監督方法起初可以在沒有訓練樣本的情況下執行，聚類階段僅基於用於區分學生答案的文本語義模型來操作，並不需要訓練樣本，而評分教師可以稍後才對未評級的聚類作出評分。實際上，聚類和評分已成為兩個獨立的步驟，而關鍵的情況是群集的形成可能與評分教師的觀點不一致，可能仍會在同一群集中找到不同評分的兩個答案。

On the other hand, an unsupervised approach can initially be implemented in the absence of a training template, where clusters are based only on text-based models of district-based student answers and do not require a training template, while the evaluation instructor can only comment on unevaluated clusters at a later stage. In practice, concentration and rating have become two separate steps, and the key point is that the formation of a cluster may not be consistent with the point of view of the critic, which may still be found in the same group.

此項目主要研究一種用於短文本答案的半監督機器評分方法。這方法旨在利用小量已評分樣本來產生與評分教師的觀點一致的答案群，在群集形成中將尊重評分樣本中固有的答案之間的約束，例如相同群集和不同群集。由此產生的優化問題容易導致機器學習受幹擾，所以此項目將開發一種新的基於進化演算法的半監督聚類演算法，並測試多個多目標優化的公式的效果。

The project focuses on a semi-supervised machine rating method for short text-based answers. The method is designed to use a small sample to generate answers that are consistent with the point of view of the rating teacher and to respect the bindings between the answers inherent in the evaluation template, such as the same group and the different groups, in group formation. The resulting advantages are likely to lead to machine learning disruptions, which will develop a new semi-supervised cluster algorithm based on evolutionary algorithms, and test the effects of multiple multi-purpose superior formulas.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS15/H10/19
項目名稱：評估式和促進式調解敘事方法對參與者生理及行為反應的差異
首席研究員：呂哲盈博士（樹仁）

entry number: UGC/FDS15/H10/19
entry name: differences in the physiological and behavioural responses of evaluation and promotional methods to the participants
Principal Researcher: Dr. Liang Chul Ying (Rin)

摘要
在香港以調解作為解決爭議的方法一直在迅速發展及進步。根據「調解條例」（第620章）的規定，調解是一項有系統的程式，由一位元中立的調解員，以促進溝通而非裁判對錯的方式，協助雙方解決爭議。為達到促進溝通，香港的調解員接受培訓時著重「促進式」談判，而非按案情「評估」其法律依據是否站得住腳。在香港，大部分調解員都使用促進式調解，但實際的應用模式往往大同小異：其中一種是應用模式是以「評估的方式」進行調解，調解員「更積極參預，就案件提出建議......」（CEDR, 2018; Brooker, 2007）。根據西方的研究顯示，兩者其實互不相容。研究調解的學者往往局限於在法律層面上調解的作用，例如調解員的能力評審標準（Honeyman, 1995），調解原則，過程和技能（Boulle & Nesic, 2010），對調解結果的滿意度或達成協議的成功率（Quek, Chua, & Ngo, 2018）。香港調解界正考量是否應將評估式調解納入調解的規範中，但對評估式調解實踐的情況卻未有充分研究。香港調解的發展，理應跟它的原意相符，目標一致；故此，我們必須有足夠的研究成果來支持這一政策決定。

According to the Regulation of Adjustment (Chapter 620), it is a systematic program, with a neutral mediator, to facilitate communication rather than to adjudicate correctly, and to assist in resolving disputes between the two sides. To facilitate communication, Hong Kong facilitators are trained to negotiate "promoting" rather than "evaluating" their laws on a case-by-case basis.

本研究的設計並不規限於法律範疇，其原創理念為結合法律和心理學理論及研究方法，屬跨學科研究，目的在分辨參與調解會議人士對促進式調解的敘述方式和評估式調解的敘述方式在行為和生理反應上的異同。調查結果將提供以證據為基礎的數據，指出促進式調解及評估式調解的敘述方式的會引起參與調解人士不一樣的反應；這些數據將為香港日後採納評估式調解與否的重要考慮因素。

The design of this study is not limited to legal prescriptions, the original idea of which is to combine legal and psychological theory and research methods, and is an inter-scientific study designed to distinguish between the way in which the narratives of the reconciliation meetings are presented and the way in which they are evaluated, on the one hand, and the way in which they are presented, on the other, on the other, on the other hand, on the other. The results will provide evidence-based data indicating that the way in which the narratives are interpreted and evaluated will cause different reactions from those in which they are conducted; these data will be an important consideration for evaluating the interpretation and non-compliance in the post-Day period in Hong Kong.

研究的第一階段將先行以口語方式編寫促進式調解及評估式調解的敘述模式。第二階段將以實驗方式測試參與調解人士對兩種敘述方式有什麼不同的行為和生理反應。

The first phase of the study will be preceded by the development of a narrative model that promotes progressive and evaluative interpretation in a verbal manner. The second phase will test, on an experimental basis, the different behaviors and physiological reactions of the participants to the two narratives.

此外，在研究調解實踐時的應用模式時，加入生理和行為反應的實驗，更能以科學根據去證實什麽才是有效的調解策略及方向。這項研究的結果不僅對培訓調解員有重要意義，更重要的是在香港的調解發展的里程中，在基於充分的理論基礎上選取有效的調解模式。該研究還提高調解員的意識，讓調解員明白到不同的調解策略會導致不同的行為和生理反應，繼而影響參與調解的雙方如何決定解決糾紛。

In addition, when studying the application model for adjusting the implementation, incorporating a physiological and behavioural response experiment would be more scientifically valid to prove what is an effective solution and direction. The results of this study are important not only for trainers, but also, and more importantly, for Hong Kong’s transition process, to select an effective mode of adjustment based on a sound theoretical basis. The study also raises the awareness of the moderators to make them aware that different strategies of adjustment lead to different behaviors and physiological reactions, and then to influence the decision of the two parties involved in the solution.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/E04/19
項目名稱：研究非獨立性航班延誤對機艙服務員勤務組合可靠性的影響
首席研究員：馬凱琳博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/E04/19
entry name: study of the impact of non-independent flight delays on the reliability of aircrew crews
Principal researcher: Dr. Makelin (Hing)

摘要
機艙服務員勤務組合可靠性是航空公司運營中最關鍵的問題之一。根據航空條例，機艙服務員每次工作的最長時間是受民航處所規管，嚴禁違規。因此，在一些情況下，航空公司若預計到機艙服務員將在一項飛行任務中超時工作，則不會允許該成員執行該任務。在這情況下，航空公司須找到替代的機艙服務員。例如，安排後備機艙服務員由基地前往國外去執行任務。但這些安排的成本一般非常高，亦會嚴重影響預定的航班運作。因此，機艙服務員勤務組合可靠性在航空公司業務中非常重要。在決定機艙服務員勤務組合時，一般情況下，機組人員應能夠在其最長工作時間內完成所有分配的飛行任務。可是，一些不確定因素（例如：航班延誤）可能會導致航班完成時間比預期的長，以致違反工時規定。因此，在安排機艙服務員勤務組合時，航空公司通常會在兩個相連的航班中加插了緩衝時間，以減低航班延誤對機艙服務員飛行任務安排的影響。在大多數緩衝時間分配研究中，緩衝時間一般根據相關航班的延遲概率來確定，該延遲概率亦被認為與其先前連接的航班無關。實際上，延遲起飛可能是由於先前連接的飛機或機組人員延遲到達所引致的。因此，此項目的目的是為機艙服務員勤務組合中的航班出發時間和到達時間之關係去開發一個新模型，以及一種新的優化方法以提升其可靠性。

summary flight attendants are not allowed to perform the task. In this case, the airline must find an alternative cabin attendant whose reliability is one of the most critical issues in the airline’s operation. For example, arranging for a back-up server to travel from the base to the country to perform the task. However, the cost of these arrangements is generally very high and seriously affects the scheduled flight. Therefore, the reliability of the airline operator’s service is very important in the airline business. In deciding on the crew to operate the mission, the crew will not be allowed to do the task. In this case, the airline must find an alternative cabin server. For example, arranging for a back-up server to travel from the base to the country to carry out the task.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/E01/19
項目名稱：以隨機博弈維護智能城市中的重要基礎設施
首席研究員：馬裕得博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/E01/19
entry name: Maintenance of important infrastructure in an urban smart city with a random game
Principal Researcher: Dr. Mahud (Singer)

摘要
香港正在轉型為世界級智慧城市，當中涉及建設許多智慧基礎設施，如電網、交通監控和管理系統以及電信系統。這些基礎設施變得智慧，全因它們具有網絡連接組件，這些組件讓收集的數據和資訊得以共用、分析和整合。因此，這些基礎設施也是網絡實體系統（cyber-physical systems）的例子。但是，這些基礎設施的網絡組件也使設施容易受到網絡攻擊，並使系統組件之間的互動變得複雜。

summaries //strang>. Hong Kong is transforming itself into a world-class smart city, involving the creation of intelligent infrastructure such as electricity grids, traffic surveillance and management systems, and telecommunications systems. These infrastructure applications are intelligent because they have networked components that allow the data and information collected to be shared, analysed and integrated.

在這個項目中，我們研究如何使用隨機博弈（Markov Game）框架使這些重要的網絡實體系統能夠抵禦惡意攻擊。隨機博弈是一個合適的框架，因為它可以模擬兩個參與者（系統的提供者和攻擊者）之間的連續互動，以及系統本身潛在的不確定性。

In this project, we look at the use of the Markov Game framework to enable these important web-based physical systems to counter malicious attacks. The random game is an appropriate framework, as it simulates a continuum between two participants (system providers and attackers) and the uncertainty inherent in the system itself.

這個項目的貢獻是雙重的。首先，我們將研究使用各種近似和簡化方法去解決隨機博弈模型的計算複雜性是否可行。其次，我們將開發一個模擬平台，通過實證研究量化建議的隨機博弈框架的表現。

The contribution of this project is twofold. First, we will study the feasibility of using a variety of approximation and simplification methods to solve the complexity of calculating random game models. Second, we will develop a simulation platform to verify the performance of the random game framework of quantitative recommendations.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/E05/19
項目名稱：雙螺桿擠出系統在增材製造中製造再生絲材料的模型與開發
首席研究員：麥樹麟博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/E05/19
entry name: Modelling and development of regenerative silk materials by the double-polling system in incremental production
Principal Researcher: Dr. Mactree

摘要
在2016年，中國進口了世界上三分之二的塑膠廢物；2017年，中國政府開始禁止進口塑膠垃圾，大部分廢塑膠被丟棄到當地的垃圾填埋場。Jenna Jambeck（佐治亞大學）估計，到2030年，中國的新政策可能會導致丟棄1.11億噸塑膠廢物到垃圾填埋場。在香港，每天有超過520萬個塑膠瓶被扔掉，大多數塑膠瓶是由PE、PP和PET材料製成；然而香港缺乏將廢塑膠瓶收集和回收用於其他製造目的的有用材料的設施。

In 2016, China imported more than two thirds of the world's plastic waste; in 2017, the Chinese government banned imported plastic waste, most of which was dumped in local landfills. Jenna Jambeck (University of Georgia) estimated that by 2030, China's new policy would have caused the disposal of 11 million tons of plastic waste into landfills. In Hong Kong, more than 5.2 million plastic bottles were thrown out every day, most of which were made of PE, PP and PET materials; however, Hong Kong lacks the design to collect and recycle other materials useful for other manufacturing purposes.

增材製造（通常也稱為3D列印）自1987年開發並在過去十年間迅速發展。增材製造是工業4.0框架中的關鍵技術之一。美國材料與試驗協會（ASTM）技術委員會F42批准了七個添加劑工藝類別的清單，包括（1）材料擠出；（2）材料噴射；（3）粘合劑噴射；（4）片材層壓；（5）還原光聚合；（6）粉末床融合；（7）向性能量沉積技術。

Production of additional materials (often also known as 3D printing) has been under development since 1987 and has developed rapidly over the past 10 years. It is one of the key technologies in the industry's 4.0 framework. The Technical and Technical Committee F42 of the American Association of Materials and Tests (ASTM) has approved a list of seven additive industries, including (1) material squeezing; (2) material injection; (3) glue spraying; (4) film layer pressure; (5) recombinant light polymerization; (6) powder bed integration; and (7) technology to absorb sexual energy.

材料擠出用於開發熔融沈積成型（FDM），現在可供國內用戶使用。聚合物材料如聚乳酸或聚丙交酯（PLA）廣泛用於製造產品的長絲；PLA是衍生自可再生資源（例如玉米澱粉、木薯根、碎片或澱粉）的可生物降解熱塑性材料。由於FDM機器和PLA長絲材料成本低，廢料迅速增加。

Materials are available to domestic users for use in the development of molten silviculture (FDM). Polymeric materials such as polyemulants or polypropyl esters (PLAs) are widely used in the long silk production of products; PLA is a biodegradable thermal plastic material derived from self-renewable sources (e.g. corn, cassava roots, fragments or platinum). Waste is rapidly increasing as a result of the low cost of FDM machines and PLA silk materials.

3D列印細絲通過擠出工藝製成。目前的擠出機使用單螺桿施加高溫和高壓以熔化材料，並將材料推過模頭以製造長絲。單螺桿擠出的缺點包括：（1）不同再生聚合物材料的混合能力差；（2）熔融聚合物可能會阻塞擠出機，列印質量差。

The 3D print thread is made by crowding out crafts. The current crowding machine uses single screws to melt materials with high temperature and pressure, and pushes them over the model to create long wires. The pits out of the single bolts include: (1) poor blending of different renewable polymer materials; and (2) melting polymers that may block crowding, with poor print quality.

擬議的研究將調查香港廢舊塑膠瓶常見聚合物材料的分佈及物理性質。該團隊將進一步確定必要的添加劑，以改善廢塑膠的性能，適應3D列印的應用。桌面雙螺桿擠出機將被設計和製造以製造長絲，通過比較列印產品的機械強度，可以評估擠出和3D列印過程的可維護性和生產率。從長遠來看，該項目的成功完成將對本地、中國大陸乃至國際再生塑膠長絲製造業產生重大影響。

Simultaneous studies will investigate the distribution and physical properties of the polymers commonly found in Hong Kong's plastic and waste bottles. The team will further identify the additives needed to improve the performance of the plastic and adapt to the 3D printing applications. The desktop double-pole squeezer will be designed and made to create long-width silk, which, by comparing the mechanical strength of the printed product, will assess the maintenance and productivity of the production processes of 3D. In the long run, the successful completion of the project will have a significant impact on local, Chinese, and even international plastic age silk production.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS25/M02/19
項目名稱：污泥 - 中草藥殘渣 - 生物炭複合肥料對於農業種植中抗生素殘留及抗生素抗性基因的作用
首席研究員：潘敏博士（高科院）

entry number: UGC/FDS25/M02/19
entry name: sludge - herbal residues - The role of bio-carbon combustible fertilizers in agricultural plant antibiotic residues and antibiotic antigens
Principal Researcher: Dr. Panmin (Hoko Academy)

摘要
根據渠務署的數據，香港公共污水系統每天從住宅，商業及工業地點收集280萬立方米的污泥。由於土地稀缺和地理限制，香港的農業用地規模普遍較小。污泥（SL）含有高含量的有機物、磷、氮和微量元素，中草藥殘留物（CMHRs）主要含有纖維植物材料，富含碳，可提供優良的肥料質量和提高生物和非生物的抗菌性。生物炭（BC）具有良好的施肥性能，可改善土壤的物理、化學和生物學特性。因此土壤改良劑SL-CMHR-BC可以固定土壤中的有機污染物、重金屬和抗性細菌的生物可利用部分。CMHR中的甲殼素水解酶可以釋放抗真菌蛋白質以抑制某些特定土壤植物病原體，並且抑制土壤中的抗生素和抗生素抗性基因。SL-CMHR-BC可以為耕地提供必要的養分並促進植物的生長。SL-CMHR-BC將會是一種具有抗病性的高端有機肥料，可以降低不同類型持久性污染物的環境風險，並增加土壤的物理化學和抗病性。

The public sewage system in Hong Kong collects 2.8 million cubic metres of sludge per day from residential, commercial and industrial sites, according to the data of the Administration. As a result of land scarcity and geographical limitations, the agricultural sector in Hong Kong is generally small. The slurry contains high concentrations of organic, phosphorus, nitrogen and trace elements. The herbal residues (CMHRs) contain mainly vegetable plant materials, rich in carbon, which can provide excellent fertilizer and increase biological and non-biological resistance. Biocarbons (BC) have good fertilizer applications that improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil.

抗生素經常用於牲畜和人體的藥物中以促進生長和疾病的控制和治療。這些化合物可在動物和人體內經歷代謝反應，例如羥化、裂解和葡醣醛酸化，以其原產物或代謝產物經尿液和糞便排泄。抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在土壤和植物環境中的轉化和傳輸已成為環境和公共健康的重要問題。ARG被認為是環境的新型污染物，因為它們易於殘留在土壤和植物系統中，並通過水準基因轉移到某些特定的土壤植物病原體。此外，不同類型抗生素的生物累積和轉移已被認為是ARG產生和轉化的主要來源。然而，關於如何有效抑制農業土壤和植物中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的科學資訊相當缺乏。

Antibiotics are often used in animals and humans to promote the control and management of growth and disease. These compounds can undergo metabolic reactions in animals and humans, such as oscillation, fission and palladium acidification, e.g. through urine and defecation from their original or metabolic products. The bioaccumulation and transfer of antibiotics and antibiotics (ARGs) in soil and plant environments has become a major environmental and public health problem. ARG is considered to be a new type of contaminant in the environment, as they are vulnerable to being left in soil and plant systems and transferred to specific soil plant pathogens through aqueous genes. In addition, the biological accumulation and transfer of different types of antibiotics has been considered to be the main source of ARG production and conversion.

本研究旨在探討SL-CMHR-BC作為土壤改良劑的營養成分和最佳配比，並檢驗SL-CMHR-BC提供土壤必需有效營養成分的同時是否能抑制土壤中抗生素和ARG生物有效性。評估抗生素殘留對土壤和植物系統中抗生素和ARG生物累積的產生和轉移的潛在影響，找出解決土壤環境中抗生素污染問題和降低ARG生態風險的有效方法，降低它們對人類健康的潛在威脅。

The aim of this study is to explore the nutrient composition and optimal matching of SL-CMHR-BC as a soil improvement agent, and to test whether SL-CMHR-BC can suppress antibiotics and ARG biological effectiveness in soil at the same time that it provides the effective nutrient content necessary for soil. Assess the potential effects of antibiotics residues on the generation and transfer of antibiotics and ARG bioaccumulation in soil and plant systems, and identify effective ways to address the problem of antibiotic contamination in soil environments and reduce the risks to ARG living conditions and reduce their potential for human health.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/H15/19
項目名稱：後批評和約瑟夫?康拉德
首席研究員：PARKER Jay Thomas 博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/H15/19
entry name: later critical and Joseph Conrad
lead researcher: Dr. Parker Jay Thomas (Stung)

摘要
約瑟夫．康拉德（Joseph Conrad）是英國文學界知名的政治小說家。自二十世紀末以來，學者一直傾向於通過批判的眼光來研究文學。對於康拉德而言，這常常涉及對他對種族的待遇的批評，尤其是在他最著名的小說《黑暗之心》中。相反，其他學者則將文學視為批判性寫作的一種形式。康拉德也被這樣解讀：他的諷刺性懷疑使他成為批評文學的典範。

Joseph Conrad is a well-known political novelist in English literature. Since the end of the twentieth century, scholars have tended to study literature through critical lenses. For Conrad, this often involves criticism of his treatment of races, especially in his most famous novel, The Heart of Darkness. On the contrary, others view literature as a form of critical writing.

這個項目的靈感來自後批評，一種新的人文和文學研究方法。此研究方法探討如何以批判為基礎，以新的方式思考文學和人文科學，更好地理解它們為社會和政治所作出的建設性貢獻。

This project is inspired by a post-criticism, a new approach to humanities and literature research, which explores ways to think about literature and humanities in a new way, based on criticism, and to better understand their constructive contribution to society and politics.

該項目以康拉德的政治著作為個案研究，目的有兩個：首先，以康拉德的著作是在探索背叛 （betrayal） 作為研究基礎，探究若將背叛看成一種轉變過程 （conversion），能否帶來對文本更富積極性的理解。儘管轉變 （conversion） 通常是一個宗教概念，但康拉德反復地將政治信仰描繪為類似於宗教信條。

The project, which is based on Conrad’s political writings, has two aims: first, to use Conrad’s work as a basis for research to see whether betrayal can be seen as a process of change (conversion) that can lead to a more positive understanding of the text. Although change is usually a religious concept, Conrad has reverted to portraying political beliefs as similar to religious creeds.

此外，宗教或意識形態上的轉變與背叛有關，因為它要求我們 「背叛」我們的舊信仰。然而，轉變比背叛積極：它意味著曾被拋棄的信念是錯誤的。其次，該項目旨在與其他康拉德學者一起開展這種分析，以批判後目標為基礎，創建一系列論文。這將提供對康拉德的新理解，以及綜合和評估一系列新穎的後批判方法。這樣，它將為這個新興領域如何激發文學和人文科學的新思維提供更廣闊的視野。

Moreover, the shift in religion or consciousness is related to treachery, because it requires us to “treach” our old faith. However, the shift is comparable to the treachery: it means that the abandoned faith is wrong. Secondly, the project aims to develop such an analysis with other Conradists, based on post-targeting and a series of papers. This will provide a new understanding of Conrad, as well as a series of post-critical ways to reconcile and evaluate it. In this way, it will provide a broader perspective on how this new frontier can stimulate literary and humanistic thinking.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/H04/19
項目名稱：從食物及音樂探討在香港的南亞人在流徙文化、身份和融合的角力
首席研究員：岑俊達博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/H04/19
entry name: South Asians in Hong Kong from food and music exploring the power of culture, identity and integration
Principal Researcher: Dr. Tsin Junta (Grand)

摘要
香港接納不同國籍和文化背景的移民。雖然這城市自我宣傳為多元文化社會，但是仍然有很多制度限制著移民的融合。多年來，為移民提供粵語學習課程一直是香港政府融合政策的重點之一。但是，它完全忽視如何保存移民的文化多樣性，這是建設包容性和多元文化社會的最重要因素。在不同的移民群體中，南亞人（印度人、尼泊爾人和巴基斯坦人）一向受到學者和決策者的極大關注，因為他們經常被認為是弱勢群體。大部分研究在香港的南亞人文獻主要集中在他們的工作和就業、教育、語言、少數族裔權利，性別政治以及醫療服務方面的問題，很少有關於他們在香港實踐他們傳統文化的研究。本研究將會以訪談和田野考察的方式去探討在香港的南亞人如何處理他們的傳統文化生活，以及傳統文化在身份建構、社群建設和社會融合中的作用。

In different groups of immigrants, South Asians (Indians, Nepalis, and Pakistanis) have always received great attention from academics and decision makers, as they are often perceived to be weak groups. Most of the research in Hong Kong has focused on their work and on issues related to industry, education, language, minority rights, sexuality, and medical services, and there is little research on the role of their culture in Hong Kong, their culture and their social cohesion.

食物和音樂是南亞人流徙文化的重要組成部分，是南亞人在東道主社會中重建身份的表達實踐。這些具體實踐可以幫助維持和創造國內和跨國的新社會文化關係。研究移民社會融合的總體趨勢是探討他們的文化如何引起當地人的歧視。但是，移民的傳統文化（食物和音樂）為促進群體間關係及其融入東道主社會所提供的潛在機會和利益在很大程度上仍然被忽視。本研究項目將探討南亞人如何利用各種個人和團體資源在香港實踐和保存他們自己的傳統食物和音樂文化，以及在何種條件下他們願意並能夠利用他們的傳統文化發起與香港人的文化接觸。通過探討他們如何運用傳統食物和音樂文化與香港人接觸，本項研究將為少數族裔、流徙群體和流徙文化的文獻和教學作出重要貢獻。本研究不但對理解多元文化和社會融合提供了新的視角，而且更會為香港政府提供政策上的建議，有助建立一個更具包容性的多元文化社會。

However, food and music are important components of the culture of the South Asian diaspora, and the potential opportunities and benefits of South Asians’ re-establishment of their identity in the main East Asian society are still largely ignored. These are concrete aspects that can help maintain and create new socio-cultural relations, both within and across the country. The general trend in the integration of immigrant societies is to explore how their culture can give rise to discrimination among locals. But the traditional culture of immigrants (food and music) is an important component of promoting inter-group relations and their integration into the main East Asian society. The study will explore how South Asians can use individual and group resources to implement and preserve their own traditional food and music culture in Hong Kong, and under which terms they are willing and able to use their traditional culture to create cultural contact with Hong Kong.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/H20/19
項目名稱：波羅頗迦羅蜜多羅的佛經譯場研究
首席研究員：蕭世友先生（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/H20/19
entry name:
Principal Researcher: Mr. Xiao Shih Soo (Sung)

摘要
唐代（618-907）是中國古代佛典翻譯活動的巔峰期。玄奘（602-664）和不空（Amoghavajra, 705-774）嘗主持譯事，聞名於世。在此之前，唐代佛典翻譯史上其中一件最引人注目的事件，是天竺摩揭陀僧人波羅頗迦羅蜜多羅（Prabhākaramitra, 565-633，簡稱「波頗」）籌組譯場翻經，為早期精英譯經團隊訂定一種組織架構，標誌著精英主義在佛典翻譯中興起，而且其模式後來由唐宋時期的譯師繼承，包括玄奘和傳法院（982-1082），為當時佛典協作翻譯模式的成功奠定堅實基礎。

Prior to this, one of the most notable events in the history of the Tang Dynasty translation was the peak of the Chinese ancient Buddhist translation campaign, Prabhākaramitra, 665-633, shortly known as "Bombang", which led to the creation of an organization for the team of early elites, marked by the rise of eliteism in the Buddha's translation, and followed in its mode by a translator from the time of Donzon, including the Pontifical and Translator Court (982-1082), which provided a solid foundation for the success of the Buddhist translation model at that time.

儘管波頗譯場在唐宋譯經精英化的過程中發揮了重要作用，但關於其譯事的討論相當有限。因此，本研究項目旨在查探不同歷史文獻、文學記述和翻譯紀錄來研究波頗的譯經組織，希望能為佛教翻譯團隊的演變、佛典翻譯在推廣中國佛教的作用及初唐譯經的精英主義興起提出新見。

Despite its important role in the process of being an elitist translator in Tang Song, there has been very limited discussion about its translation. Thus, this research project is aimed at exploring different historical contributions, literature and translation records to study the translation organization of the wave, with the hope of introducing new ideas for the evolution of the Buddhist translation team, for Buddhist translation in promoting the role of Buddhistism in China and for the emergence of elites in the Chinese language.

本研究將分為兩大核心部分：第一部分考究波頗譯場的歷史。除了探討譯場的起源、組織和貢獻，本部分更會通過梵、漢佛教文本的對比分析，研究波頗團隊的翻譯策略。第二部分涉及網絡資料庫的開發。該工具提供全文搜尋功能，收錄從各方得來的經文內容及歷史檔案。資料庫旨在傳播研究所得，並為波頗譯場及相關譯事的後續研究提供有用資源。

This study will be divided into two core parts: the first part examines the history of the translation complex. In addition to exploring its origins, organization and contributions, this part will study the translation strategy of the wave team through comparative analysis of the San and Han Buddhist texts. The second part deals with the development of a web-based database. The tool provides a full-text search function and includes the literature and historical files obtained from all parties.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS15/H03/19
項目名稱：發展一項以家長為中心的同理心和憐憫的介入方式籍以增強家長支援幼童社交和情緒需要的能力
首席研究員：蕭一凡博士（樹仁）

entry number: UGC/FDS15/H03/19
entry name: Development of a family-centred, collegial and compassionate approach to building the capacity of parents to support the social and emotional needs of young children
Principal researcher: Dr. Xiao Yifan

摘要
近年來，兒童的社交以及情感學習是很多本地學者和教育從業者非常關注的課題。然而，連結家長教養及幼稚園孩童社交以及情感需要的循證幹預計劃卻很匱乏。本項目會發展並檢證一個以家長為基礎的同理心以及慈悲心介入計畫，強化及賦權家長支援他們4-6歲孩子的社交及情感需要。此家長介入計畫會由研究團隊提供4個每兩週進行一次的2小時的家長心理教育工作坊。這些工作坊會提高家長對自己和孩子的社交以及情感需求的認識。此外，我們還會舉行兩次家長回顧，每月一次，以討論他們的技巧運用並提高他們的實踐能力。另外，每週都提供家長同理心和慈悲心的練習，透過電話應用程式傳送，以幫助家長加強練習並追蹤他們的學習進度。這個電話應用程式亦會成為研究人員與家長交流的平台，讓研究人員向家長分享幫助兒童社交以及情感發展的實用及有效用的技巧。

In recent years, the socialization and emotional learning of children and children has been a subject of great interest to many local scholars and educators. However, there is a paucity of proactive planning for parenting and the social and emotional needs of children in kindergarten. This project will develop and validate a home-based, caring and compassionate intervention program to strengthen and empower parents to support the social and emotional needs of their 4-6-year-old children. The program will provide four two-hour home-based psycho-pedagogical workshops for parents every two weeks. These workshops will enhance parents’ understanding of the social and emotional needs of themselves and their children. In addition, we will conduct two home-based visits, once a month, to discuss their skills and the social and emotional needs of their children.

這項研究會分為四個階段。第一階段（10個月）會設計以家長為主的同理心及慈悲心介入計畫的課程及實踐教材，面對孩子的社交及情緒需要。第二階段（6個月）會進行先導測試以試驗介入教材以及實行方式。這階段會從本地幼稚園招募40位華人家長和他們4-6歲的孩子進行測試。並蒐集家長的回饋，適當地調整介入課程的內容和教材。第三階段（10個月）將會招募100個親子組合並且隨機分配到實驗小組或等候對照組。實驗會採用自陳式問卷，腦神經及生理測量以及兩個15分鐘的親子互動觀察來評估以同理心及慈悲心為基礎的育兒實踐的效果。除此之外，在8週介入後，將會和參與家長進行半結構性訪談蒐集更多意見。最後階段（4個月）會進行數據分析以及發佈研究結果。研究團隊假設在介入實驗之後家長會更認識及理解他們自身及孩子的社交以及情感需要。此外，家長也會對孩子以及自身表現出更多同理心以及慈悲心，從而改善親子關係並更有效支援孩子的心理健康發展。本研究將會增加我們對於同理心以及慈悲心在建立有效育兒方式來支援孩子社交以及情感需要上，有著重要的理論和知識貢獻。就實用性來說，此研究亦能發展與驗證以家長的同理心以及慈悲心為主的及早預防的介入方式在促進父母和子女的情感，社交和心理健康的有效性。

The second phase (six months) will test intervention materials and how they will be implemented. The first phase (10 months) will test 40 Chinese elders and their 4-6-year-olds from the local kindergarten. The first phase (10 months) will design lessons and practical teaching materials for a home-based, home-based, home-based, home-based, and compassionate intervention programs. The third phase (10 months) will recruit 100 parents to join and be allocated to experiment groups or to wait for research groups. The second phase (6 months) will test intervention materials and practices. The second phase (six months) will recruit 40 Chinese elders and their 4-6-year-old children from the local kindergarten. The first phase (10 months) will test a home-based home-based home-based home-based intervention program, and the first phase (10 months) will be designed to adapt the content and materials of the intervention program to meet the social needs of parents.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/H06/19
項目名稱：以詩為疏：元稹新樂府詩禮樂教化闡微
首席研究員：陳美亞博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/H06/19
entry name: Psychiatry: Psychiatry and Pseudos
Principal Researcher: Dr. Chen Meia (Shang Da)

摘要
本計畫全面研究元稹（779–831）新樂府詩，以撰寫第一部相關英文著述。目前學界普遍認為元稹新樂府詩駁雜無章、堆砌典故。本研究否定是說，首次提出其詩以禮樂治國之中心思想，並疏理各詩內部以及相互間之關係與結構。本計畫採用詮釋與比較角度，探析元稹對樂府詩之改造，由描繪社會現象以觀風俗、知得失，轉化為進諫君上，與白居易（772–846）之和作截然不同。本研究將揭示中唐新樂府運動之性質，元氏對復興儒學之貢獻，及以禮樂治國安邦之價值 — 是說深具現代意義。

The present study denies that it was the first time that it presented the idea of the heart of the ceremonial state and derelation of the inner and internecine parts of the poems. The plan is to explore and compare the transformation of the ceremonial poems of the ceremonial ceremonial hymns, by portraying the social landscape in terms of visualism, awareness-raising and loss, and transforming them into a different way from that of the ceremonials (772-846). The study will reveal the nature of the movement of the central ceremonials of the central ceremonial ceremonials and disjointed relations and structures between them.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS17/M10/19
項目名稱：基於放射組學的頭頸腫瘤放射治療預後的人工智慧預測模型
首席研究員：鄧福禧教授（東華）

entry number: UGC/FDS17/M10/19
entry name: Post-A.J. predictive model based on radiology for the prophylactic treatment of head tumors
Principal researcher: Professor Dunfull (East China)

摘要
目的和目標：本研究致力於開發一個基於放射組學的智能系統，預測頭頸部癌症之放射治療對鄰近正常器官的潛在輻射損傷以及治療效果，以便提高患者的生活品質和預後。

Summary
Purpose and objective: This study aims to develop an intelligent system based on radiology that predicts potential radiation damage to neighbouring normal organs from radiation treatment of neck cancer and treatment effects in order to improve the quality and prognosis of life of patients.

背景：雖然在放射治療期間，對惡性腫瘤施予高輻射劑量很重要，但也可能對鄰近的非癌性器官（OARs）造成損害。然而，組織損傷是一個多因素和因人而異，既受複雜的治療方案影響又和個別患者的特性有關。由於預防及預測正常組織損傷是困難的，更難保障癌症患者的生活質素和預後。因此，要好好地控制腫瘤和提升安全劑量，要在輻射對非癌性器官（OARs）的損害與靶點腫瘤的劑量之間取得平衡。

Background: While it is important to apply high doses of radiation to malignant tumors during the course of radiotherapy, it may also cause damage to nearby non-cancer organs (OARs). However, tissue damage is a multifactorial and human-specific factor, both affected by complex treatment programmes and related to the characteristics of individual patients. It is difficult to prevent and predict normal organizational damage, making it more difficult to safeguard the quality of life and the prognosis of cancer patients.

方法：本研究是基於放射組學，用深度機器學習（卷積神經網路）來預測劑量毒性。這項是回顧性研究：圖像資料和放射治療計畫將從互聯網資源以及臨床部門獲得。計畫包括三個部分：（1）放射組學建模；（2）非癌性器官（OARs） 的紋理分析和機器學習分類；（3）放射組學之放射治療預後建模。

Methodology: This study is based on radiology, which predicts dose toxicity using in-depth mechanical studies (combating neuro-networks). This is regressive research: graphics and radiotherapy projects will be obtained from the Internet and from the bedside departments. The project consists of three components: (1) radiology modelling; (2) texture analysis and mechanical studies of non-cancer organs (OARs); and (3) post-radiotherapy modelling of radiotherapy.

預期結果：有關的演算法和風險預測模型能夠實施。對放療對相關組織的風險因素有更準的了解，從而優化治療規劃，並將患者的併發症降至最低。

Expected results: The relevant algorithms and risk prediction models can be implemented. There is a better understanding of the risk factors of the organization involved, from preferential treatment to minimal complications.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/H11/19
項目名稱：社交媒介如何影響公眾對警隊形象的信任？
首席研究員：鄧鍵一博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/H11/19
entry name: How does social media affect public trust in the image of the police?
Principal researcher: Dr. Dunsing I (Singer)

摘要
公眾對員警的信任度是警政研究其中一個主要課題。它涉及警隊是否能夠有效維持公共秩序，更加涉及整個政治制度的認受性。以往的研究提出了各種因素來解釋公眾對員警的信任，包括人口特徵、公眾對其他政府部門的信任、公的價值取向等等。但是，雖然社交媒介對建構警隊形象，及建構相關民意有明顯影響，但至今仍未有人全面研究社交媒體與公眾對員警信任度之間的關係。這個問題在香港這個抗爭政治普及的環境尤其重要。在不少社會衝突事件，員警的處理手法備受關注。在雨傘運動期間，部分員警的表現遭公眾嚴厲批評。另一方面，有些人建立了支持員警的團體。社交媒體上支持與反對警隊的聲音也趨向兩極。Facebook上面，支持和反對員警的專頁都有。雨傘運動後，Facebook專頁促使了支持和反對員警的群眾動員。

Previous studies have suggested various factors to explain the public's trust in the police, including the characteristics of the population, the public's trust in other government departments, the value of the public, and so on. But, while the social media has a clear influence on the image of the police and on public opinion, there is still no comprehensive study of the relationship between social media and public trust in the police. This issue is particularly important in Hong Kong's climate of resistance to the spread of politics.

結合理論層面的文獻漏洞，及香港作為「社運社會」的背景脈絡，這個項目旨在探討社交媒介對公眾對員警信任度的影響。這涉及三個研究問題：第一，社交媒介如何建構員警形象，並連繫公共輿論；第二，社交媒介怎樣影響公眾對警隊的信任；第三，例如雨傘運動之類的社會關鍵事件怎樣調校了上述社交媒介對公眾對警隊信任的影響。這個研究會按設計的研究假設發掘答案。

The aim of this project is to explore the impact of social media on public trust in the police and the police. This involves three questions: first, how social media build up the image of the police and link public discourse; second, how social media affect public trust in the police force; and, third, how social key events such as umbrella campaigns have shaped the impact of social media on public trust in the police force.

這個研究混合不同的研究方法。我們會就主流媒介及社交媒介對警隊的形象建構，對新聞報導及評論做內容分析。針對社交媒介作為社會網絡平台，我們會透過社交網絡分析去檢視政治團體、政治人物、意見領袖在Facebook專頁上的關聯性，從而勾勒出民意不在同社會事件的兩極化程度。

This study combines different research methods. We do content analysis on the image of the police in mainstream media and social media, and on journalism and commentary. With social media as a social networking platform, we view the connection of political groups, politicians, and opinion leaders on the Facebook page through social networking analysis, and then map out the extent to which public opinion is not polarized with social events.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/H18/19
項目名稱：民國時期（1911－1949）詞籍注釋研究
首席研究員：曾智聰博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/H18/19
entry name: National Times (1911-1949).

摘要
民國時期（1911－1949）的詞學繼承清代詞學傳統，同時汲收現代文化思想，在不同範疇均成就顯著，其中詞籍注釋的發展超越前代，別具特色，值得留意。清代及以前的詞籍注釋只有約30種，但民國以後短短約40年間，詞籍注釋數量大增，別集注釋約25種，詞選注釋約80多種，兩者總共超過100種。其中的重要作品至今仍被廣泛使用，如楊鐵夫《吳夢窗詞箋釋》、龍榆生《東坡樂府箋》、詹安泰《花外集箋注》、鄧廣銘《稼軒詞編年箋注》、俞平伯《讀詞偶得》、龍榆生《唐宋名家詞選》、唐圭璋《唐宋詞簡釋》等。這些注釋通過說明字詞音義、考訂寫作背景、賞析作法技巧等，幫助讀者了解文本，傳統看法多視之為工具書。然而，一些民國學者在注釋詞作之餘，同時亦表達了對詞學問題的看法，使注釋變成了表達文學觀念的文本，構成民國詞學的獨特特色，值得重視及進一步研究。目前學界對詞籍注釋的研究不多，討論只集中於數種注釋，尚欠全面；且多從文獻學或選本學角度作研究，所見亦有局限。本計畫將全面搜集及整理民國詞籍注釋、採取文獻考索、文本細讀、比較研究的方法疏理與分析注釋文本，並輔以詮釋學、考古知識學、傳播學及經典化等理論作跨學科研究，以求抉發民國詞學注釋理論，探討其與傳統詞學以及民國學術之關係，並反思當前詞學研究成果，務求對民國詞籍注釋作全面而深入的專題研究。

summary
, in the short 40 years since the beginning of the country, the linguistics of the national era (1911-1949), which have acquired more than 80 versions of the pedagogic and contemporary cultural ideas, are well known at the same time. Important works are still widely used, such as the Yangtze Book, the Tongue Book, the Rent of the Tongue, the Lent of the Encyclopedia, the Yearbook of the Enlightenment, the Year's Year of the World, the Year of the World, the Year of the World, the Year of the World, the Year of the World, the Year of the World's Children, the Year of the World's Children, the Year of the World of the World, the Year of the World's Children, the Year of the World, the Year of the World's Children, the Year of the World, the Year of the World's Children, the Year of the World, the Year of the World's Human Rights, the Year of the Year of the World, the Year of the World, the Year of the Year of the Year of the Year of the World's.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/B06/19
項目名稱：外派人員的賦權型領導對東道國國家知識共用的影響：自我擴展的視角
首席研究員：VAN ESCH Emmy博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/B06/19
entry name: The impact of the gifted leadership of expatriates on knowledge sharing in the Eastdo countries: the self-expanding perspective
Principal Researcher: Dr. VAN ESCH Emmy (Grand)

摘要
知識共用對跨國公司來說至關重要，它關係到公司的競爭力和生存，尤其是在當今這個高度全球化的知識經濟體系中，就更為重要（Syed, Murray, Hislop, & Mouzughi, 2018）。鑒於其在戰略上的重要性，許多跨國公司在知識管理系統和實踐方面投入了大量資金（Cabrera, Collins, & Salgado, 2006）。外派人員往往能夠充當知識代表的角色，將關鍵的企業知識和經驗從母公司傳遞到各個子公司的運營機構，反之亦然（Armstrong & Li, 2017）。然而，儘管國際派遣與日俱增，外派人員和東道國同事之間的知識分享仍然存在問題。由於雙方存在明顯的個體差異（如文化、國籍、種族、語言），知識分享就變得更加不容易（Gilson, Lim, Luciano, & Choi, 2013；M?kel?, Andersson, & Sepp?l?, 2012）。因此，本研究的目的在於揭示當存在個體差異時，如何促進外派人員與東道國員工之間的知識分享。

Given its importance at the strategic level, many multinational companies have invested a lot of money in knowledge management systems and reality (Cabrera, Collins, & Salgado, 2006), especially in today's highly globalized knowledge economy (Syed, Murray, Hislop, & Mouzughi, 2018). Outsiders are often able to assume the role of knowledge representatives, bringing knowledge and experience from their parent companies to the operating structures of their subsidiaries, and vice versa (Armstrong & Li, 2017). However, there is still a problem in sharing knowledge among expatriates and their counterparts.

鑒於外派人員通常在東道國擔任領導職務（Elenkov & Manev, 2009），而領導者是知識分享過程的核心（Bryant, 2003），再加上賦權型領導行為能促進知識的分享（e.g. Chourides, Longbottom, & Murphy, 2003；Yang, 2007），因此，本研究提出並驗證外派人員的賦權型領導行為如何對各個子公司的知識分享起著重要的作用。具體來說，根據自我擴展理論（Aron & Aron, 1986），我們認為外派人員的授權型領導能夠通過自我擴展過程，增強與東道國的知識分享。此外，我們還認為東道國工作人員的跨文化能力是促進這個過程的重要因素。

Given that expatriates are usually leaders in the Eastern Province (Elenkov & Manev, 2009), and that leaders are at the heart of the knowledge-sharing process (Bryant, 2003), coupled with the empowerment of leaders to promote knowledge sharing (e.g. Courides, Longboth, & Murphy, 2003; Yang, 2007), the study proposes and validates how the empowerment of expatriate leaders can play an important role in sharing knowledge among subsidiaries. In particular, according to the self-exploitation doctrine (Aron & Aaron, 1986), we believe that external leaders are empowered to enhance knowledge sharing with the East and the South.

本研究將從多管道採集數據，分別在大灣區跨國公司工作的東道國員工和他們的外派領導進行數據採集。所有使用的測量和量表皆經過廣泛測試和驗證，調查資料將用層次回歸分析和結構方程模型進行分析。在當今知識經濟時代，有效的知識共用對組織的長期成功至關重要，因此，研究的預期結果將對研究和實踐有重要的指導意義。

The study will take data from multiple pipelines, distinguishing East Asian workers working in cross-border companies in the Greater Gulf region from their foreign leaders. All the measurements and schedules used have been extensively tested and validated, and the survey data will be analysed in layer-by-level analysis and an equation model. In today’s era of knowledge, effective sharing of knowledge is essential to the organization’s long-term success, so the expected results of the study will be an important guide to research and implementation.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/E01/19
項目名稱：在綫主題建模及其在細細微性情感分析中的應用
首席研究員：王富利教授（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/E01/19
entry name: Application

摘要
主題建模能夠自動揭示文本中的語義結構，並能處理同義詞和多義詞導致的歧義問題，因而被廣泛應用在文本分析中。作為一種有效的基礎模型，Latent Dirichlet Allocation（簡稱LDA）可以獲得文檔─主題和主題─單詞的概率分佈，但主題數目需以手動指定。針對此問題，學者提出了Hierarchical Dirichlet Process（簡稱HDP）模型，該方法能夠從數據中自動學習主題數目。然而，HDP的計算複雜度高，另一方面，基於人工預設主題數目的主題模型可擴展性較差，導致上述方法難以應用在實時更新的文本中。為了解決以上問題，本項目擬研究在線主題建模的理論及應用。具體而言，我們計畫提出一種對新出現的文本進行並行處理的方法，一種對模型參數進行在線學習的框架，以及一種對主題數目進行動態更新的機制，以便在各種在線應用中，能夠實時回應並捕獲主題演變趨勢。此外，我們擬將模型參數和主題數目的動態資訊引入細細微性情感分析中，以驗證本項目研究的技術有效性。

The abstract
theme model can automatically reveal the linguistic structure of the text and deal with the differences caused by synonyms and multi-words, and is therefore widely used in text analysis. As an effective foundation model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (si. LDA) has access to document-themes and themes-probability of words, but subject numbers need to be manually specified. In this context, scholars have proposed the Hierarchical Dirichlet Profess (HDP) model, which can be used as a self-learning tool for text analysis.

新出現文本的並行處理：
社交網路等在線平台比其他管道更頻繁地產生文本數據，因而採用實時方式來處理新出現的文本極其重要。考慮到線程具有輕量性，並且易於創建、管理和銷毀，我們計畫通過線程來處理新出現的文本。據此，新出現的文本可以並行處理、回應時間能夠大大縮短。

New text-processing:
social networking, for example, produces text data more frequently than any other channel, so it is important to take a real-time approach to newly-emerging texts. Considering the lightness of the threads and their ease of creation, management and destruction, we plan to process newly-emerging texts via the threads. As a result, newly-emplaced texts can be processed together, and the response time can be significantly shortened.

模型參數的在線學習：
主題模型的計算複雜度主要由參數學習決定，而當前常用的Gibbs採樣演算法需要遍歷所有的主題才能為某個單詞賦予一個主題。為了節省時間，我們首先將Gibbs採樣的公式拆分為文檔─主題採樣以及主題─單詞採樣兩部分，前一部分通過Alias方法實現，後者使用Metropolis Hastings採樣演算法。然後通過新出現文本的主題採樣結果更新模型參數。上述在線學習框架在降低計算複雜度的同時，能夠提高在線文本主題提取的準確度。

In order to save time, we first divide the Gibbs model formula into paper files - theme samples and topic-word samples, the first part of which is done through the Alias method, and then use metropolis Hastings to model the algorithms. Then update model parameters with the emerging theme sample results. The above-mentioned online learning framework can improve accuracy in line text extraction at the same time as the calculation complexity is reduced.

主題數目的層級更新：
實時更新的文本集存在主題演化的特性，因而這類文本需要可變的主題數目。我們首先根據當前文本語料庫的規模，人工預設初始主題數目的下限值；然後提出一種層級方法來實時決定最恰當的主題數目。上述方法既能加快模型的速度，又能提高主題提取的準確度。

The theme item number layer update: The
updated text set has the feature of the subject evolution, so this type of text requires a change in the number of topics. We first predict the lower limit of the initial theme item according to the current text language database, and then propose a layer approach to actually determine the number of topics that are most appropriate. This approach increases the speed of the model and improves the accuracy of the subject extraction.

在線主題模型的典型應用：
基於新出現文本的並行處理方法，模型參數的在線學習框架，以及主題數目的層級更新機制，我們計畫對比不同時段提取的主題結果，並將模型參數及主題數目隨時間的變化因素引入情感分析系統，從而獲得用戶對每個主題在不同演變階段的細細微性情緒，進而提高情感預測的精準度。

In the typical application of the theme model:
based on the co-processing of newly emerging text, the in-line learning framework of model parameters, and the top-level updating mechanism of the theme number, we plan to improve the accuracy of the emotional predictions by introducing changes in model parameters and theme numbers over time into the emotional analysis system.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/H10/19
項目名稱：中國網絡國家社會關係：愛國主義和民族主義在互聯網上的互動發展
首席研究員：王世茹博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/H10/19
entry name: China Cyber State Social Relations: An Interactive Development of Patriotism and Nationalism on the Internet
Principal Researcher: Dr. Wang Shiju (Sung Da)

摘要
關於中國網絡國家與社會關係的學術辯論，主要圍繞互聯網是否成為開啟政治自由化的平台，從而最終實現自下而上的民主化。網絡烏托邦主義認為，互聯網培育了一個數字公民社會，並為公民提供了一個至少部分獨立於國家控制之外的平台。相反，網絡反烏托邦主義警告說，中國共產黨政權一直擁有能力,可以滲透互聯網上新的公共空間。還有其他研究強調網絡空間的多元化，允許不同規範和話語相互競爭。自2012年以來，中國政府採取比以前更進取的策略來控制互聯網，並「確保互聯網內容更加積極地為共產黨的利益服務」（Economy, 2018年, 第71頁）。因此，這是一個研究網絡國家與社會動態關係的好時機，可以探討在網絡空間中國家權力有多大，以及數字公民社會在多大程度上保有推動民主的潛力。

On the contrary, the Internet anti-Utopianism warns that China’s communist power has always been capable of gaining access to new public spaces on the Internet. There are other studies that highlight diversity in the Internet, allowing for competition between different norms and discourses. Since 2012, China’s government has taken a more progressive strategy to control the Internet than before, and “ensures that the Internet is more robust in serving the interests of the Communist Party” (Economy, 2018, page 71).

本項目區分了國家灌輸的愛國主義與基層產生的民族主義，利用傳統媒體和新媒體上的公開數據，展示了中國政府如何調整愛國主義的宣傳策略，以適應新媒體，以及國家和社會如何在各自的民族主義話語中互動。該項目首先為這兩種民族主義話語的術語和概念編寫了綜合詞典，以便之後進行比較和分析。第二，本研究還比較了國家控制的傳統媒體（尤其是紙質報紙）採用的愛國主義話語，和國家在新媒體宣傳喉舌上的愛國主義話語的不同。這種差異（如果有的話）體現了新媒體在多大程度上改變了國家的政治宣傳策略。第三，新媒體上的愛國主義宣傳，雖然是為數字公眾量身定制的，仍可能與網絡基層民族主義有所不同。本項目將研究新媒體上的國家愛國主義與基層民族主義之間的差異和互動。時間因素被納入研究之中，網絡國家社會關係體現在國家政權和網民在國家愛國主義和基層民族主義網絡話語中的各種互動（例如：協議、對話和對抗）。

Second, the study compares the nationalist rhetoric used by the State-controlled traditional media, especially in newspapers, and the nationalist discourse in the new media, and the extent to which the new media, if any, have changed the country’s political propaganda strategy. Third, the new media’s anti-nationalist propaganda, which is designed for digital audiences, may be different from the nationalist discourse used by the Internet, and the nationalist discourse in the new media.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/B07/19
項目名稱：共同利益下的排擠？基於社會資訊處理的排擠之於旁觀者研究
首席研究員：王亞美博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/B07/19
entry name: crowding in the common interest?

摘要
工作場所的排斥是一種普遍現象，例如避免目光接觸、隱瞞資訊以及隱藏工作所需的資源（Wu, Wei, & Hui, 2011）。研究人員已廣泛地將工作場所排斥現象視為一個相互的事件，並將其定義為個體在工作場所的互動中被忽略或被排除在工作場所之外（Robinson, O'Reilly, & Wang, 2013）。在目前的研究發現中，其對於工作成果的影響絕大多數都是負面的。但是，需要進一步研究以將工作場所排斥現象視為一種社會現象，在這種現像中，其他組織成員（協力廠商觀察者）可能會通過觀察和認識而間接受到影響。當個體員工與團隊環境互動並經常嵌套在團隊環境中時，排斥不僅會影響工作目標，而且影響具有相同社會背景的其他個體（即小組成員）。關於工作場所排斥對協力廠商觀察者，工作團隊的社會影響，以及員工對見證排斥產生反應的過程，還有很多待探索。此外，需要進行進一步的調查以闡明見證排斥的方式和程度不僅會影響觀察者自己的態度和行為，而且會影響小組的整體成果。

summary the exclusion from the workplace (Robinson, O'Reilly, & Wang, 2013) is a universal phenomenon, such as avoiding eye contact, concealing information and concealing the resources needed for work (Wu, Wei, & Hui, 2011). Researchers have widely excluded the work site as a mutual event, and defining it as a community interaction (Robinson, O'Reilly, & Wang, 2013). In the current research findings, most of its impact on work outcomes is negative. However, while further research is needed to treat it as a social phenomenon, in which other organizers (collaborate viewers) may be influenced by observation and knowledge.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/B03/19
項目名稱：政策不確定下的對策：來自中國併購的證據
首席研究員：王之辰博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/B03/19
entry name: Policy uncertainty against policy: Evidence from China
Principal Researcher: Dr. Wang Tseng

摘要
中國決策者針對瞬息萬變的政經情況，會正式或非正式地放鬆或緊縮相關政策。我們將研究這種宏觀的政策不確定性對企業併購的實質影響。進行併購的中國企業可根據其所有製區分為國有企業和非國有企業。國有企業的併購活動傾向跟隨執政共產黨的政治訴求 （政策導向併購），而非國有企業更傾向通過併購創造協同效應及最大化股東價值（經濟導向併購）。因此，我們將首先研究中國的政策不確定性對國有企業及非國有企業的併購的影響是否存在差異。

The Chinese policymakers will be formally or informally relaxing or tightening their policies in the face of a rapidly changing political situation. We will look at the uncertain impact of such an ambitious policy on corporate purchases. Chinese firms can be divided into enterprises and non-nationals based on all of their production sectors. The acquisition of firms tends to follow the political claims of the ruling Communist Party (policy direction to buy) rather than the firm to co-opt and maximize its equity (economic direction to buy). We will therefore first examine whether China’s policy does not determine whether there is any difference in the impact of China’s policies on corporate and non-national purchases.

其次，我們將研究兩個非國企業可以用來減輕政策不確定性負面影響的機制：政治關係及企業社會責任。

Second, we will look at the mechanisms that two non-national companies can use to mitigate the negative impact of uncertain policies: political relations and corporate social responsibility.

非國有企業的併購可以受惠於主要高管的政治關係。擁有政治關係的高管可以直接或間接地了解政策的最新動向。如果高管與政策的執行部門有所聯繫，執行部門或可放鬆執行力度。因此，我們預計擁有政治關係的非國有企業在併購時可更少地受到政策不確定性的負面影響。

If there is a link between the executive and the executive, the executive may be relaxed. Thus, we anticipate that non-state firms with a political relationship may be less negatively affected by the uncertainty of the policy at the time of the merger.

非國有企業也可通過履行企業社會責任取得政府優待，進而在併購時可更少地受到政策不確定性的負面影響。美國的相關研究顯示企業自發或礙於激進股東的壓力履行企業社會責任。然而，中國的企業是為了取悅其最重要的利益相關者：中國政府。中國政府控制著重要的資源，包括發放信貸、核准執照和許可。我們期望提供非國有企業實踐企業社會責任對高政策風險下的併購提供的實質好處。

Non-national companies can also obtain government preferences through the performance of corporate social responsibilities, which may be less negatively influenced by policy uncertainty at the time of the merger. US research shows that firms are self-inflicted or hampered by the pressure of equity owners to fulfil corporate social responsibilities. However, China’s firms are trying to please their most important stakeholders: the Chinese government. The Chinese government controls important resources, including loans, licences, and permits.

我們也將研究這兩種機制：政治關係及企業社會責任，對非國有企業的作用是相互替代還是相互補充。

We will also look at two kinds of mechanisms: political relations and corporate social responsibility, and whether non-national enterprises can replace or complement each other.

研究結果將豐富學術界、監管機構、投資者，以及全球的商業領導者對中國政策與企業行為的了解。

The results will inform the academic community, regulatory bodies, investors, and business leaders around the world about China’s policies and business practices.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS24/B07/19
項目名稱：同樣價格總是公平的嗎？香港消費者對舉報可疑合謀定價的態度和行為
首席研究員：黃慧心博士（理大專業進修學院）

entry number: UGC/FDS24/B07/19
entry name: Is the same price always fair? Hong Kong consumer's attitude to and conduct of report of suspicious collusion: Dr. Huang Hye Xin (Matrical Development College)

摘要
合謀定價是一個具有重大經濟意義的問題，影響著全球16.6萬億美元的銷售額，消費者需要付出較昂貴的價格購買產品和服務 （Connor, 2008；Levenstein & Suslow, 2006）。為解決這個問題，香港《競爭條例》於2015年12月15日全面生效，合謀定價屬於違法行為（競爭委員會, 2015）。但是，儘管在最先進的經濟體系中競爭條例已經實行，但競爭對手之間的非法操縱價格行為仍繼續存在，一些最大和最受尊敬的公司通常也涉及其中（Connor, 2008；Levenstein & Suslow, 2006；Pressey et al., 2014）。

In order to solve this problem, Hong Kong's Competition Rules came into full force on 15 December 2015, and the Conspiracy Deal was illegal (Command Committee, 2015). However, despite the fact that competition rules in the most advanced economic systems are already in place, competition continues to compete against illegal hand-to-hand manipulations, often involving the largest and most respected companies (Connor, 2008; Levistein & Suslow, 2006; Pressey et al., 2014).

香港政府執行競爭法在很大程度上取決於香港人自願向當局舉報涉嫌合謀定價活動。透過從公眾收到有關涉嫌合謀定價的舉報，競爭委員會才可以更有效地執行競爭法。但是，過往沒有關於消費者與合謀定價相關的行為研究，包括消費者如何及為什麼要向政府舉報可疑的合謀定價案件。此外，我們對消費者明白合謀定價的能力及公平價格的概念研究很少。合謀定價與營銷組合核心元素中的價格有著直接的關係 （Borden, 1964）。而且，合謀定價直接與消費者對公平價格的認知有關，公平價格概念是消費市場研究中的一個重要領域 （e.g. Kahneman et al., 1986；Campbell, 1999；Xia et al., 2004；Bolton et al., 2003）。總體而言，合謀定價剝奪了消費者的選擇，產品及服務的價格因而提升，從而直接影響消費者的利益 （Levenstein & Suslow, 2006）。

However, in the past, there has been no research on the behaviour of consumers and consumers in relation to price-sharing, including how and why consumers should report suspicious price-fixing cases to the government. Moreover, there has been very little research into the concept of fee-takers’ ability to bargain and fair prices. There is a direct relationship between the price-fixing and the price in the core element of the sale group (Borden, 1964) and, in the case of consumers, the concept of fair price is an important domain in the cost-free market study (e.g. Kahneman et al., 1986; Campbell, 1999; Xia et al., 2004; Bolton al., 2003).

為了回應學術文獻中的這缺口，本研究是第一份調查消費者對合謀定價行為的實證研究。這項研究與香港政府的策略相一致，目的在尋找更有效的方法來鼓勵消費者舉報可疑的合謀定價活動。本研究結合了實驗、問卷調查和定性焦點小組討論三種不同的資料搜集方法。我們的實驗將試圖了解消費者舉報合謀定價的因果關係，包括消費者對合謀定價，價格公平性和行為反應的理解。此外，我們的問卷調查以「計劃行為理論」（Theory of Planned Behaviour, TPB）（Ajzen, 1991） 來分析消費者對合謀定價的態度和行為。最後，我們透過焦點小組討論找出適合的幹預措施，進一步闡明從實驗和問卷調查中獲得的見解和調查結果。這項研究最終目標是減少香港的合謀定價活動，從而降低消費價格並為消費者帶來更多選擇。此外，這研究對中學和高等教育有深層意義，開拓合謀定價在消費者營銷研究的新領域。

In response to this gap in academic literature, this study is the first empirical study to investigate the cost-benefit relationship of the user’s co-payment, including the user’s understanding of the cost-effectiveness, fairness and responsiveness. In addition, our research is aimed at finding more effective ways to encourage consumers to report suspicious co-benefits. The study combines experiments, research papers, and qualitative focus groups to discuss three different methods of data collection.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/H17/19
項目名稱：在反覆談判情況使用策略性和控制對手的策略的隱藏代價
首席研究員：黃紹權博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/H17/19
entry name: The hidden cost of using strategy and control strategies in counter-negotiation cases
Principal Researcher: Dr. Huang Queng

摘要
過去，談判策略的學術研究強調不同技巧（tactics）的優點（e.g. low-balling and anchoring techniques）。毫無疑問，當僅涉及一次性的談判時，使用這些技巧是有好處的。現在，大學和培訓公司已提供了很多有關不同談判技巧的培訓課程，相信大家對如何運用這些技巧都有了認識。但在現實生活中，談判人員經常參與反覆的談判。而且，以往的談判研究忽視了各種技巧在反復談判中的不利影響。我們有需要對使用各種技巧可能產生的潛在成本進行更透徹的了解，這有利談判人員或從業人員作出明智的決定。

There is no doubt that these techniques are useful when only one-off negotiations are involved. Now universities and training companies have offered a lot of training courses on different negotiation techniques, believing that people know how to use them. But in real life, negotiators often engage in counter-negotiations. And, in the past, negotiating research ignores the adverse effects of counter-negotiations. We need to have a more thorough understanding of the potential potential potential costs of using different techniques, which is conducive to informed decision-making by negotiators or practitioners.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS25/E07/19
項目名稱：一個通過文檔語境和深度神經網路把關聯性模型化的資訊檢索研究
首席研究員：胡可忠博士（高科院）

entry number: UGC/FDS25/E07/19
entry name:
Principal Researcher: Dr. Hu Ko Trung

摘要
本項目旨在解決使用深度神經網絡在ad-hoc檢索中把關聯性模型化的研究問題。盡管近年來機器學習技術在各領域（例如計算機視覺和自然語言處理）中取得了巨大的成功（尤其是使用人工神經網絡進行的深度學習），但在ad-hoc資訊檢索中使用這些技術的成功例子不多。有人認為，盡管深度學習方法在表示（特徵）學習中很有效，但它們在關聯性學習（即確定文檔與查詢的關聯性）方面的能力有限。

Summary
aims to solve the problem of using deep nervous networks to model association in ad-hoc applications. Although machine learning techniques have achieved great success in recent years in various fields (e.g. computer visualization and natural language processing), there are few success stories of using these techniques in ad-hoc information search. Some believe that, while deep learning methods are effective in expressing (special) learning, they have limited capacity in relation to sexual studies (i.e., to determine the relevance of files and queries).

為了將關聯性的概念納入使用深度學習方法的ad-hoc檢索中，學習過程中需要考慮文檔語境。文檔語境指文檔中查詢詞周圍位置中出現的詞。長期以來，文檔語境的研究，使用的是手工特徵的檢索模型。文檔語境的使用基於以查詢詞為中心的假設，該假設指出文檔中查詢的關聯資訊位元於查詢詞的周圍。最近，通過研究人類關聯性判斷行為來驗證了該假設（Li et al., 2018）。

In order to incorporate the concept of association into the ad-hoc search using an in-depth learning method, the learning process needs to consider the language of the document. Words appearing in the location of the search around the word in the document file are considered. For a long time, the language of the document was studied using a manual-specific search model.

本項目提出了一個新的框架，在學習過程中使用文檔語境在三個特定部分把關聯性模型化，它們是：（i）文檔和查詢的表示形式學習；（ii）查詢和文檔詞的權重分佈學習；（iii）文檔中進行各種查詢詞的模式學習。對於表示學習，將使用文檔語境把查詢和文檔之間關系的張量用作卷積神經網絡的輸入；對於權重分佈學習，提出了一種新策略去微調特定查詢的詞嵌入（word embeddings）中的權重分佈；對於多樣化模式學習，提出了使用語境的逐級匹配（listwise matching）學習排名策略。該框架使用這三個部分組合包含關聯性概念的檢索模型。 

This item proposes a new framework for the use of document language in the learning process to model association in three specific parts, namely: (i) the form of expression of files and queries; (ii) the weight of queries and words; (iii) the typographical learning of query words in the files. For expressions of learning, the use of document language is used as input for volume nervous networks; a new strategy is proposed for the redistribution of rights in Word embeddings; and for multi-speculation models, the use of context-by-synchronization (Listwise Matching) strategy is proposed. The framework uses these three parts as a search model that combines concepts of association; and (nbsp);

本項目通過將文檔語境納入機器學習過程，為最新的ad-hoc檢索模型作出貢獻。本項目的結果可以幫助我們更了解如何使用機器把關聯性模型化，衍生的檢索模型可以用於各種特定領域的ad-hoc檢索任務，例如搜索用戶評論，社交媒體以及問答主題的網站。

This project contributes to an up-to-date ad-hoc search model by integrating document language into machine learning. The results of this project will help us understand how machines can be used to model linkages, and the derived search models can be used in ad-hoc search missions in a variety of domains, such as search user reviews, social media, and websites that answer questions.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS14/B12/19
項目名稱：服務業負面網絡口碑的回應策略：順應還是抗拒？
首席研究員：楊鑫博士（恒大）

entry number: UGC/FDS14/B12/19
entry name: Response strategy for negative-face network slogans in the service industry: follow-up or resistance?

摘要
在這個數碼時代，服務行業很容易受到負面在線評論的影響。服務消費者比產品消費者更傾向於發表負面在線評論，因為服務失敗實際上來說是不可避免的（Levy, Duan, & Boo, 2013）。此外，由於服務品質比產品品質更難評估，服務消費者在很大程度上比產品消費者更依賴於在線評論，尤其是負面評論（Xie, Zhang, & Zhang, 2014）。根據TripAdvisor（2014）的一份報告，77%的消費者在選擇酒店之前通常會閱讀在線評論。鑒於負面在線評論對品牌評價（Van Noort & Willemsen, 2012）和購買意向（Chiou & Cheng, 2003）的廣泛而顯著的影響，本研究提出了一個及時而重要的主題，即服務管理者應如何對負面在線評論做出有效的回應。

Moreover, since the quality of the service is more difficult to evaluate than the quality of the product, service consumers are more likely to be influenced by negative face-to-face reviews, especially negative face reviews (Xie, Zhang, & Zhang, 2014). According to a TripAdvisor report (2014), 77% of the consumers usually read online reviews before choosing a hotel.

本研究對香港具有重要的管理意義，因為香港是「是全球服務業主導程度最高的經濟體，服務業占GDP 90%以上」（香港貿易發展局, 2019）。本研究的結果將有助於本地（以及全球）服務類公司更有效地回應不可避免的負面在線評論，還將為服務營銷和數碼營銷課程的教學提供最前沿的見解。

The results of this study will help local (and global) service companies respond more effectively to inescapable negative comments online, and will also provide the cutting edge of the lessons on service marketing and digital marketing.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS16/B20/19
項目名稱：一帶一路為六大經濟走廊改善貿易暢通和設施聯通，在出口績效方面的貢獻，以及與週邊國家的經濟聯動
首席研究員：楊志熙博士（公大）

entry number: UGC/FDS16/B20/19
entry name: Improved trade access and connectivity along the six economic corridors, contribution to export performance and economic association with the surrounding countries
chief researcher: Dr. Yang Ji-hee (Grands) / strong

摘要
當前的研究提出了兩項分析。第一，探討「一帶一路」倡議的兩個合作重點「基礎設施連接性」和「貿易暢通」對六個經濟走廊和參與國的出口績效。我們使用從世界經濟論壇報告中提取的數據，並建立引力模型來估計增強兩個合作重點如何影響參與國的出口績效。研究著重於確定六個經濟走廊的利益變量上的差異。第二，我們將研究從六個經濟走廊到鄰國和全球經濟的潛在溢出效應。這些旨在幫助中國和參與國評估「一帶一路」是否一個純為提倡中國而設的計劃，並評估「一帶一路」對地區和全球經濟的影響。

We use data extracted from the World Economic Forum report to estimate how the two points of cooperation are likely to affect the export performance of participating countries. Research is focused on determining the differentials in the benefits of the six economic corridors. Secondly, we will study the spillover effects of the six economic corridors to neighboring countries and the global economy. These are intended to help China and its participation in the assessment of whether a "one way" plan is purely to promote China and the impact of the "one way" on the local and global economy.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS25/M05/19
項目名稱：香港城市各綠化空間類型下的土壤特性及微生物群落與及樹木生長表現的關係
首席研究員：張浩博士（高科院）

entry number: UGC/FDS25/M05/19
entry name: Soil properties and microbiological communities in green spaces in Hong Kong cities in relation to tree growth
Principal Researcher: Dr. Zhang Ho (Hong Academy)

摘要
全球有越來越多的政府將綠化納入其國家發展計劃，並作為重要的評估因素之一，旨在為公民提供可持續的生活條件。城市綠地，包括城市公園、私人或政府花園、行道樹、草坪、以及綠色屋頂等等，都是城市綠化的重要承載者。城市綠地有利於居民的身心健康和豐富城市生物多樣性，並且能解決一些環境問題，比如空氣和噪音污染。香港是一個人口高度密集的城市，目前只有24.2%的市區或已建設土地。因此，居民對城市綠地的需求因有限的土地需求而被大大削減了。另外，城市綠地的質量也因為管理不善和較差的土地條件而表現不佳。儘管如此，香港居民仍有意願為綠地的建設買單，以美化城市、保持自身健康、改善空氣質量、調節城市氣溫，以及增加建築物之間的空間。為了更大程度發揮綠地的效用，評估和改善現有綠地的質量和管理對於香港這樣一個緊湊型的城市來說，至關重要。

Urban green land, including urban parks, private or government gardens, canals, lawns, and green roofs, are important carriers of urban greening. Urban green land benefits people's physical and mental health and rich urban biodiversity, and solves some environmental problems, such as air and noise pollution. Hong Kong is a highly populated city, with 24.2% of the city's current area or built land. As a result, the demand for urban green land has been greatly reduced by the need for limited land. Moreover, the quality of urban green land is poor because of mismanagement and poor land conditions.

本研究將香港綠地的樹木性能和土壤特性的研究結合起來，一方面填補在這兩塊的知識空白，另一方面評估者兩者之間的關係。樹木群落及其性能是衡量城市綠地生物多樣性的重要指標，也是綠地最明顯的表徵之一。而土壤的理化特性和微生物群落對植物生長和性能有顯著影響。因此，我們首先需要對城市綠地的樹木特徵和健康狀況，以及土壤特性做一個整體評估，然後探究它們之間的相關性。本研究旨在探索城市綠地類型、樹木性能以及土壤特性之間的深層關係，希冀這些研究成果能夠對香港城市綠地的設計、規劃以及管理提供良好建議。

This study combines research on the wood properties and soil properties of green land in Hong Kong to fill these two gaps in knowledge and assess the relationship between the two. Tree communities and their properties are important indicators for measuring the biodiversity of green land and one of the most obvious manifestations of green land. The physicochemical properties and micro-organisms of the soil have a significant impact on plant growth and performance.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS13/H02/19
項目名稱：《種芹人曹霑畫冊》文化生態學研究
首席研究員：張惠博士（珠海）

entry number: UGC/FDS13/H02/19
entry name: Celebr Cao Cao, Principal Researcher: Dr. Zhang Hue (Juhai)

摘要
《種芹人曹霑畫冊》的意義和價值重大，學術界對於真偽莫衷一是，爭議性正說明它的重要性。而認定為真或傾向為真的學者大部分是從拍賣紀錄、書畫鑒定、曹雪芹交遊者的角度來考察，從畫作本身來分析者較少，且多是針對某一幅畫或者某一首題詩，尚未對八幅畫作進行一個整體性研究。更沒有將《種芹人曹霑畫冊》和他創作的《紅樓夢》小說聯繫分析的論作。

The abstract >//strang > > The Cao Cao Cao Cao Monument is of great significance and value, and the academic community is unconvincing about the truth and arguing about its importance. Most of those who believe it or are inclined to be genuine are viewed from the point of view of the record of the sale, the definition of the book, the encounter of Cao Cao Cue, and from the point of view of the artist itself, and mostly from the point of view of the painting itself, have not yet done a full study of the eight drawings or a poem. Nor has there been an analysis of the connection between the Cao Cao Cao Dynasty and his novel.

本計劃認為，不應將《種芹人曹霑畫冊》僅僅以單獨一本畫冊的角度研究。因此，本計劃將《種芹人曹霑畫冊》的八幅圖詠作為一個整體，用文化生態學的方法進行綜合研究。將曹雪芹的家世和交遊這一歷史生活空間，曹雪芹的《紅樓夢》小說原文，曹雪芹的藝術著作《南鷂北鳶考工志》和《種芹人曹霑畫冊》作為一個生態整體，予以考量。以綜合的眼光，更詳實地說明《種芹人曹霑畫冊》從何而來，表現內容和內在寄託。

The project argues that the Celebrity Cao Cao Cao is not to be studied from the perspective of a single book. Thus, the plan uses the eight images of the Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao as a whole, using a cultural ethos approach. In this historical space, Cao Cue's family and travels, Cao Cao Cue's Red House Dream novels, and Cao Cue's art writings, The North and South Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao, are to be considered as a whole.

因此，本計劃將結合自然環境中的植物學，社會環境的曹家家世和詩文底蘊等文化背景，以及曹雪芹的《紅樓夢》原文，全面研究《種芹人曹霑畫冊》的產生、發展和蘊含的文化生態內涵。本計劃完成後，對於《紅樓夢》的小說研究和作者研究都會有所深化和推進。

As a result, the project will bring together botanical science in the natural environment, the cultural background of Cao's family and poetry in the social environment, and the original Red House Dream of Cao Cue Cao, to study the cultural content of the creation, development, and inclusion of the Cao Cao Cao Cao. Once this project is completed, the novels and author studies of the Red House Dream will be further developed and advanced.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS11/E03/19
項目名稱：無線網絡控制系統中的多資源節能調度問題
首席研究員：趙英超博士（明愛）

entry number: UGC/FDS11/E03/19
entry name: Multi-source energy efficiency adjustment in wireless network control systems
Principal Researcher: Dr. Zhao Young-hyun

摘要
無線網絡控制系統（WNCS）是一種控制回路閉合的控制系統。在WNCS中，不同的系統組件（包括傳感器、致動器和控制器），通過無線網絡資訊包的形式交換控制信號和反饋信號。許多傳感和控制的應用，例如自動駕駛車輛，需要定期收集環境數據，用控制演算法決定控制決策，然後將決策傳遞給各個執行器。這些任務必須滿足實時約束。傳感器和執行器使用無線網絡與控制器通信，而控制器使用CPU處理數據並計算最佳決策。為了衡量WNCS提供的服務質量（QoS），我們通常會計算滿足了端到端的時間限制的執行任務的數量。

In WNCS, different system components (including sensors, triggers and controllers) exchange signals and counter-letters in the form of wireless network information packages. Many sensors and control applications, such as autopilot vehicles, need to regularly collect environmental data, use control algorithms to control decisions and then hand them over to executives. These tasks must meet the requirements of time.

如果我們以自動駕駛車輛為例，典型任務的工作原理如下：傳感器（包括攝像機、雷達和雷射器）首先執行檢測車輛周圍動態條件的關鍵功能，並將數據發送給控制器；控制器（處理器）處理從車輛傳感器接收的數據並計算最佳決策；最後，決策（控制信號）被發送給致動器，致動器執行諸如換檔、刹車、轉向等動作。

If we take autopilots as an example, the typical principles of the mission are as follows: sensors (including cameras, radars and lasers) first perform the key function of checking the perimeter of the vehicle and sending the data to the controller; the controller (processor) handles the data received from the vehicle sensor and calculates the best decision; and finally, the decision (control signal) is sent to the trigger, which executes actions such as changing files, brakes, diversions, etc.

如何在WNCS中安排這些實時任務，從而使得每項任務既滿足時間限制又可以降低能耗是WNCS中的一個關鍵問題。這就涉及到兩種資源的調度：網絡資源和計算資源。傳統的方法是分別調度兩種資源：或者假設控制演算法的執行時間可以忽略不計；或者將這個執行時間視為一個常數。因此，之前的大部分工作僅關注如何對傳輸衝突的約束進行建模，但在執行端到端期限時不考慮控制演算法的計算時間。

How to organize these real-time tasks in the WFCS, from allowing each task to meet time constraints and reduce energy consumption, is a key issue in the WCCS. This involves two types of resource adjustment: network resources and computing resources. The traditional approach is to rate two types of resource separately: either to assume that the time of operation of the control algorithm can be ignored, or to treat the time of the operation as a constant. Thus, most of the previous work focuses only on how to model the strains of the transmission, but does not consider the time of calculation of the control algorithm when executing the end-to-end period.

我們研究聯合資源調度（JRS）模型，希望可以同時考慮如何將兩種資源分配給任務們，並且考慮每個任務的三部分之間的先後次序的約束。在這個項目中，我們將每個實時任務建模為由三個部分組成的三階段工作，這三個部分分別是：將感測數據傳輸到控制器的傳感部分；計算控制決策的計算部分；以及傳輸控制決策的致動部分。對於每個任務，其計算部分在傳感部分完成之前不能啟動，而致動部分在計算部分完成之前不能啟動。執行傳感部分和致動部分的工作需要使用網絡資源，而執行計算部分的工作則需要使用計算資源。如果所有任務的三個部分的運行時間可以取得任意值，則很難在多項式時間內獲得最佳調度。然而，傳感和致動部分的處理時間可能存在某些模式，因為從相同類型的傳感器發送到控制器的數據量是相同的，這意味著這些感測工作具有相同的處理時間，同理可知，如果使用相同類型的執行器，那麽致動部分所耗時間也是相同的。如果我們知道這些任務的傳感部分及致動部分的模式，則有可能設計出多項式時間可解的最優演算法。我們的目標是判定給定的這些任務，是否可以在滿足時間約束的前提下，全部都能被執行。如果可以，那麼我們希望找到一個最佳的調度，盡快地完成任務。否則，我們需要調整處理器的速度，以便它們可以更快地計算，但這樣意味著處理器的功耗會更大。如何平衡處理器加速和功耗是我們項目的另一個關鍵目標。調度問題不僅是WNCS中的基本問題之一，還是類似模式的其他系統中的基本問題之一。聯合調度方法的任何改進都可以提高系統的利用率，從而提高整個系統的性能。

In this project, we model each real-time task as a three-stage process consisting of three parts, which are different: the sensor that transmits the data to the controller; the calculator that calculates the control decision; and the dynamic part that transmits the control decision. For each task, the calculator is not activated until the sensor is completed, and the seminal part of the project is not activated until the metering part is completed. It is possible, however, that the engine and the power component need to be used, and the calculation component needs to be measured. If all three components of the mission are capable of generating the computing component of the control plan, the power component of the control plan can be used, and if the power component of the power source is available, the power component of the power source can be used, it can be used.

 

項目編號：UGC/FDS15/M03/19
項目名稱：為患有思覺失調高功能青年人而設的敍事人生規劃生涯輔導範式的有效性研究
首席研究員：周德慧博士（樹仁）

entry number: UGC/FDS15/M03/19
entry name: Study on the validity of the life-programming model for mentally disabled young people
Principal Researcher: Dr. Zhou De Hye (Rin)

摘要
根據2018年香港政府統計處的數字，在2015年至2017年之間，15至24歲使用醫院精神科服務的人數由50,990人逐漸增加到58,016人。除了為青年復元者提供有效高質量的治療介入以外，職業復元支持他們活出有意義的人生、回歸社會，對促進復元也同樣重要。目前，職業康復的重點主要投放在為患有精神疾病的成年人提供以提高和保持就業率為目標的就業支援服務上。主流學校的職業生涯規劃教育很少能支援到患有思覺失調的青年人。現今缺乏適切的生涯輔導模式和服務，支援復元中的青年人追尋與自己夢想和與其理想身份相符合的職業和生活方式。在這項跨學科合作研究中，來自不同領域的專業人士，包括一位敘事實踐工作者、一位生涯輔導專家、一位精神科社工專家、兩位職業治療師和一位精神科醫生將會緊密合作，共同在Savickas人生規劃的框架上，開發適合患有思覺失調高功能青年人的生涯輔導範式。依據敍事人生規劃的框架，我們提出一個「3+2+1」的介入方案 （三次60分鐘個人面談 + 兩次120分鐘小組活動 + 一次90分鐘個人面談），幫助青年人發現自己的獨特才能和理想的身份，用以勾勒他們獨特的人生主題，並在此自我建構的基礎上，制定一個有具體行動實施計劃的生涯規劃，令青年人能在一個可調適的心理社會空間裏，逐步活出理想的自我。是項計劃推行以實證為本的介入方式，透過實施一個混合質性及量性設計的追蹤性研究，用以評估整個計劃的成效，檢驗敍事人生規劃生涯輔導範式是否能提升青年人的自尊感、就業準備、職業適應性、對內在資源的意識、對特定身份的理解和尋找有意義工作的動機。量性研究會在本地醫院的精神科招募102位介乎十五至二十五歲的中國藉患有思覺失調高功能青年人。之後，他們會被後隨機分配到研究組或對照組，研究人員會在研究進行的四個不同時間點（測試前、測試後、三個月跟進和六個月跟進）透過已標準化的心理測量量表對參加者進行四次測評跟進。質性研究部分對敘事實踐至關重要。我們會在面談及小組中透過敘事式的提問，收集和分析有關參加者對於思覺失調的親身體驗、職業、個人價值、夢想、希望、復元的故事，以及他們所撰寫的未來職業藍圖。這些資料加上我們在四個時間點以半結構式進行的個人跟蹤訪談構成是次研究項目的質性資料。是次計劃所希望取得的成果是協助患有思覺失調高功能的青年人提升職業追求，制定一個符合他們獨特興趣才華、理想身份、夢想，並可以一步步實施的生涯規劃。我們期望透過設計敘事生涯規劃範式和對其進行科學實證的評估，探究給予患有思覺失調高功能青年人以復元為導向的生涯輔導服務的可行性，從而為香港政府和服務機構提供相關借鑒。

The number of people between 15 and 24 years of age using hospital psychiatric services has increased from 50,990 to 58,016 between 2015 and 2017, according to figures from the Hong Kong Government's 2018 Census. In addition to effective and high-quality interventions for young people who have recovered, professional rehabilitation supports meaningful life, social reintegration, and is equally important for the rehabilitation. At present, the focus of professional rehabilitation is mainly on self-research and self-reliance for adults suffering from mental illness.

 

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